20+ Nagpal & Sons Interview Questions and Answers

Stored procedures are used to perform a set of actions, while functions return a single value.

• Stored procedures can have input and output parameters, while functions can only have input parameters.

• Stored procedures can modify data in the database, while functions cannot.

• Functions can be used in SQL statements, while stored procedures cannot.

• Stored procedures are precompiled and stored in the database, while functions are compiled each time they are called.

Stored procedures in SQL are precompiled SQL statements that can be saved and reused.

• Create a new stored procedure using the CREATE PROCEDURE statement

• Define the input parameters and output parameters for the stored procedure

• Write the SQL code inside the stored procedure

• Execute the stored procedure using the EXECUTE statement

Dependency injection is a design pattern that allows objects to be loosely coupled by injecting their dependencies from external sources.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving inversion of control and promotes modular and testable code.

• There are three common ways to implement dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

• Constructor injection involves passing dependencies through a class's constructor.

• Setter injection involves setting...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of a single function or method to operate on different data types.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding).

• Example of compile-time polymorphism: function overloading in C#.

• Example of runtime polymorphism: method overriding in Java.

The difference between configure and configure services is that configure is a general term for setting up or adjusting something, while configure services specifically refers to setting up or adjusting services.

• Configure: General term for setting up or adjusting something

• Configure services: Specifically refers to setting up or adjusting services

• Example: Configuring a computer involves setting up its hardware and software components, while configuring network services involve...read more

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Normalization involves breaking down data into smaller, more manageable tables

• It helps in reducing data redundancy by eliminating duplicate data

• Normalization ensures data integrity by enforcing relationships between tables

• There are different levels of normalization such as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF

Some latest technologies are AI, blockchain, IoT, 5G, and quantum computing.

• AI - machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision

• Blockchain - decentralized ledger technology, smart contracts

• IoT - internet of things, connected devices, sensors

• 5G - fifth generation wireless technology, faster speeds, lower latency

• Quantum computing - quantum bits, superposition, entanglement

Semantic tags in HTML are specific tags that provide meaning to the content they enclose.

• Semantic tags help search engines and screen readers understand the structure of a webpage.

• Examples of semantic tags include <header>, <footer>, <nav>, <article>, <section>, <aside>, <main>, <figure>, <figcaption>.

• Using semantic tags improves SEO and accessibility of a website.

Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and only exposing the necessary functionalities.

• It allows for better control over the data by preventing direct access from outside the class.

• Encapsulation promotes code reusability and reduces complexity by organizing related data and methods together.

• Example: In a class representing a car, encapsulation would inv...read more

Abstraction is the concept of hiding complex details and showing only the essential features of an object or system.

• Abstraction allows us to focus on what an object does instead of how it does it

• It helps in reducing complexity and improving efficiency

• Examples include abstract classes and interfaces in object-oriented programming

Normalization is a process used to organize a database in a way that reduces redundancy and dependency.

• Normalization helps in reducing data redundancy by breaking up tables into smaller ones.

• There are different normal forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF.

• Normalization ensures data integrity and reduces anomalies in the database.

• Example: Breaking up a table with customer details into separate tables for customer information and orders.

SOLID is a set of five design principles that help make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the program's correctness.

• I - Interface Segr...read more

Vue is lightweight and easy to learn, while Angular is more powerful and feature-rich.

• Vue is easier to set up and has a smaller learning curve

• Angular has more built-in features and is better for larger projects

• Vue uses a template-based syntax, while Angular uses a component-based syntax

• Vue has better performance in smaller applications

• Angular has better performance in larger applications

Design patterns in .NET Core are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Some common design patterns in .NET Core include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy.

• Design patterns help in creating maintainable, scalable, and efficient code.

• They promote code reusability and separation of concerns.

• Examples: Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance, Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class, Observer pattern defines a one...read more

CTE stands for Common Table Expressions, which are temporary result sets that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.

• CTEs are defined using the WITH keyword in SQL.

• They can improve readability and performance of complex queries.

• CTEs are commonly used for recursive queries or when a subquery needs to be referenced multiple times.

SQL is a relational database management system, while NoSQL is a non-relational database management system.

• SQL uses structured query language for querying data, while NoSQL databases use different query languages like MongoDB's query language.

• SQL databases are table-based, with a predefined schema, while NoSQL databases are document-based, key-value pairs, graph databases, or wide-column stores.

• SQL databases are good for complex queries and transactions, while NoSQL databases...read more

Object-oriented programming concepts in C#

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit

• Inheritance: allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: ability for objects to take on multiple forms

• Abstraction: hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features

AJAX is a technique for creating interactive web applications by updating parts of a web page without reloading the entire page.

• AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

• It allows for asynchronous communication between the client and server

• Commonly used in web development to create dynamic and interactive user interfaces

Java is a statically typed programming language used for backend development, while JavaScript is a dynamically typed scripting language used for frontend development.

• Java is a statically typed language, meaning variable types are explicitly declared and checked at compile time.

• JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, meaning variable types are determined at runtime.

• Java is typically used for backend development, server-side applications, and Android app development.

• JavaSc...read more

.NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source framework for building modern applications.

• .NET Core is a successor to the .NET Framework, designed to be lightweight and modular.

• It supports multiple programming languages like C#, F#, and Visual Basic.

• It allows developers to build applications that can run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

• It provides high performance and scalability.

• It includes a set of libraries and tools for developing web, desktop, and cloud applications.

• Example: Bu...read more

The procedure flow of a PHP module involves defining functions, including them in the main script, and executing them in a specific order.

• Define functions with specific tasks

• Include functions in the main script using 'require' or 'include'

• Execute functions in a specific order to achieve desired functionality

Localization in Angular involves translating the application into different languages and adapting to different regions.

• Use Angular's built-in i18n tools to mark translatable text in templates

• Create separate language files for each supported language

• Use ngx-translate or similar libraries for dynamic language switching

Angular is a popular front-end framework for building web applications.

• Angular is currently on version 12, with regular updates and new features being released.

• Each new version of Angular brings improvements in performance, security, and developer experience.

• Developers can check the latest version of Angular on the official website or through package managers like npm.

Triggers in SQL are special stored procedures that are automatically executed when certain events occur in a database.

• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, maintain referential integrity, and audit changes to data.

• There are two main types of triggers: DML triggers (executed in response to data manipulation language events) and DDL triggers (executed in response to data definition language events).

• Examples of trigger events include INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and CREATE ...read more

char is fixed length, varchar is variable length

• char stores fixed length strings, while varchar stores variable length strings

• char pads with spaces to reach fixed length, varchar does not pad

• char is faster for fixed length data, varchar is more flexible for variable length data

Caching is the process of storing data temporarily in order to reduce access time and improve performance.

• Caching helps in reducing the load on servers by serving frequently accessed data quickly

• Examples of caching include browser caching, CDN caching, and database caching

• Caching can be implemented at different levels such as application level, database level, and server level