30+ Interview Questions and Answers

Answering questions related to Selenium automation framework and its components.

• Implemented Page Object Model (POM) framework with TestNG and Maven

• POM components: Page classes, Test classes, Utility classes, Test data files

• Dynamic web element handled using Explicit and Implicit Waits

• Hidden element handled using JavaScriptExecutor

• File upload handled using sendKeys() method

• HashMap used to store test data and retrieve it in test methods

• Screenshots taken using TakesScreenshot int...read more

Explanation of annuity, pension, policy actions, RI insurance, coinsurance, surrender concepts, and cancellation charges.

• An annuity is a contract between an individual and an insurance company that provides a guaranteed income stream for a specific period or for life.

• A pension is a retirement plan that provides a fixed income to an employee after retirement.

• Types of annuity include fixed, variable, indexed, and immediate annuities.

• Types of pension include defined benefit and ...read more

Dockerfile arguments, retaining container data, and EXPOSE command usage explained.

• Dockerfile arguments can be used to pass values to the Dockerfile at build time, allowing for flexibility in building images.

• To retain data in a Docker container, you can use volumes to persist data outside of the container's filesystem.

• The EXPOSE command in a Dockerfile is used to specify the port on which a container listens for connections, but it is not required for the container to functio...read more

To use variables between stages in Jenkins, use the 'stash' and 'unstash' steps. Yes, you can run 100 jobs in Jenkins.

• Use 'stash' step to save variables in one stage and 'unstash' step to retrieve them in another stage

• Variables can also be passed between stages using 'environment' directive in Jenkins pipeline

• To run 100 jobs in Jenkins, you can use Jenkins pipeline to automate the process

Kubernetes architecture, kubectl create vs apply, user access management, Role and RoleBinding, Kubernetes certificates

• Kubernetes architecture typically consists of master nodes and worker nodes, with the master nodes managing the cluster and worker nodes running applications.

• kubectl create is used to create new resources in Kubernetes, while kubectl apply is used to create or update resources based on a configuration file.

• To give access to a new user on Kubernetes, you can c...read more

Shuffle a playlist of songs without repeating any song.

• Create a copy of the original playlist

• Use a random number generator to select a song from the copy and remove it

• Add the selected song to a new shuffled playlist

• Repeat until all songs have been selected

• Return the shuffled playlist

To access an EC2 instance without a PEM key, you can use AWS Systems Manager Session Manager or create a new key pair and attach it to the instance. There are different types of S3 storage classes such as Standard, Intelligent-Tiering, Glacier, etc.

• Use AWS Systems Manager Session Manager to access EC2 without a PEM key

• Create a new key pair and attach it to the EC2 instance

• S3 storage classes include Standard, Intelligent-Tiering, Glacier, etc.

Reverse a linked list iteratively and recursively.

• Iteratively: Traverse the list and change the pointers to reverse the list.

• Recursively: Traverse to the end of the list and then change the pointers while returning back.

• Create a temporary variable to hold the next node while reversing iteratively.

• In recursive approach, handle the base case when the current node is null.

Committing changes to a remote Git repository

• Add changes to the staging area using 'git add '

• Commit the changes to the local repository using 'git commit -m 'commit message''

• Push the changes to the remote repository using 'git push'

Specificity in CSS determines which style rule is applied to an element when multiple rules have conflicting selectors.

• Specificity is calculated based on the selector types and values.

• Inline styles have the highest specificity, followed by IDs, classes, and elements.

• Specificity is represented by a four-part value (a,b,c,d) where a is the most significant and d is the least significant.

• Example: div p .class has a specificity of (0,0,1,1) while #id has a specificity of (0,1,0,0...read more

API status codes are used to indicate the success or failure of a request. CRUD methods are used to manipulate data.

• Status codes range from 1xx to 5xx, with 2xx indicating success and 4xx indicating client errors.

• CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete, which are the basic operations used to manipulate data.

• APIs use HTTP methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to perform CRUD operations.

• Status codes and CRUD methods are important for testing APIs to ensure they ar...read more

The code compares two string variables and prints whether they are equal.

• String variables in Java are compared using the '==' operator for reference comparison and the equals() method for value comparison.

• In this case, since both S1 and s2 have the same value 'nav', the comparison will result in true.

• Output: true

The main file of Nginx server is nginx.conf

• The main configuration file for Nginx server is typically named nginx.conf

• It is located in the /etc/nginx/ directory on most systems

• This file contains directives that control how Nginx operates, such as server blocks, location blocks, and global settings

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column between them.

• Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• INNER JOIN returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

• LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right tabl...read more

Company policies are guidelines and rules set by the company to ensure consistency and compliance.

• Company policies cover areas such as employee conduct, benefits, and safety regulations.

• Examples include dress code policies, attendance policies, and data security policies.

• Policies are typically outlined in an employee handbook or on the company's intranet.

• Employees are expected to adhere to company policies to maintain a positive work environment.

State uplifting in React is the process of moving the state of a child component to its parent component.

• State uplifting helps in managing the state of multiple components by lifting it up to a common ancestor component.

• It involves passing down state and functions as props from parent to child components.

• State uplifting improves the reusability and maintainability of components in React.

• Example: If multiple child components need access to the same state, it can be lifted up t...read more

Async-await is a feature in JavaScript that allows for asynchronous code to be written in a synchronous manner.

• Async functions return a Promise.

• Await keyword is used to pause the execution of async function until the Promise is settled.

• Async-await makes asynchronous code easier to read and write compared to using callbacks or Promises.

Implementing infinite scrolling in ReactJS involves dynamically loading more content as the user scrolls down the page.

• Use a scroll event listener to detect when the user reaches the bottom of the page

• Fetch more data from an API or local source when the bottom is reached

• Update the state with the new data to render additional content

• Consider using a library like react-infinite-scroll-component for easier implementation

Decision table is a tool used to model complex business rules and logic for testing purposes.

• Decision tables help in organizing and visualizing complex logic and rules

• They are used to test different combinations of inputs and expected outputs

• Decision tables are especially useful in software testing to ensure all possible scenarios are covered

• Examples: testing different login scenarios based on user roles, testing eligibility criteria for a loan application

Shallow copy creates a new reference to the original object, while deep copy creates a new object with its own copy of the data.

• Shallow copy only copies the references of the original object's data, not the actual data itself.

• Deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies all the data from the original object.

• Shallow copy is faster and more memory-efficient, but changes to the copied data will affect the original object.

• Deep copy is slower and consumes more memory, but...read more

OOPS concepts are fundamental principles in object-oriented programming.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods together in a class

• Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones

• Polymorphism: using a single interface to represent different types

• Abstraction: hiding unnecessary details and exposing only essential features

• Encapsulation example: a class with private variables and public methods

• Inheritance example: a subclass inheriting properties and methods from a supercla...read more

A relationship diagram on e-commerce visually represents the connections between different entities such as customers, products, orders, and suppliers.

• Shows how different entities in e-commerce are related to each other

• Helps in understanding the flow of data and interactions between entities

• Can include entities like customers, products, orders, suppliers, payments, etc.

• Can be used to optimize processes and improve customer experience

Having knowledge in networking and PowerShell can provide added advantage for a System Engineer.

• Networking knowledge can help in troubleshooting network-related issues and optimizing network performance.

• PowerShell skills can automate tasks, streamline processes, and manage systems more efficiently.

• Combining networking and PowerShell can enable tasks like network configuration management and automation of network device configurations.

Data warehouse is a structured repository for historical data while data lake is a vast pool of raw data.

• Data warehouse is designed for structured data while data lake is for unstructured data

• Data warehouse is optimized for read-heavy workloads while data lake is optimized for write-heavy workloads

• Data warehouse is used for business intelligence and reporting while data lake is used for data exploration and machine learning

• Data warehouse requires schema-on-write while data la...read more

ETL is a process of extracting data from various sources, transforming it and loading it into a target system. ELT is a process of extracting data from various sources, loading it into a target system and then transforming it.

• ETL involves transforming data before loading it into the target system

• ELT involves loading data into the target system before transforming it

• ETL is more suitable for structured data

• ELT is more suitable for unstructured data

• ETL is more commonly used in t...read more

Scope creep refers to the gradual expansion of a project's goals, requirements, and deliverables without proper authorization.

• Scope creep can lead to project delays, increased costs, and decreased quality.

• It often occurs when stakeholders request additional features or changes after the project has already started.

• Effective project management techniques, such as regular communication and scope validation, can help prevent scope creep.

• Example: A software development project or...read more

Gap analysis is a process of comparing actual performance with potential or desired performance to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement.

• Identifying the current state or performance of a business process or system

• Determining the desired state or performance that needs to be achieved

• Analyzing the gaps between the current and desired states to identify areas for improvement

• Developing strategies and action plans to bridge the identified gaps

• Monitoring and evaluating th...read more

Different project methodologies include Agile, Waterfall, and Lean.

• Agile methodology focuses on iterative and incremental development.

• Waterfall methodology follows a linear sequential approach.

• Lean methodology aims to eliminate waste and maximize value.

• Other methodologies include Scrum, Kanban, and Six Sigma.

OOPS concepts in Java

• Abstraction

• Encapsulation

• Inheritance

• Polymorphism

• Class

• Object

• Method

• Constructor

• Interface

DDL and DML are two types of SQL commands used to manipulate databases.

• DDL stands for Data Definition Language and is used to create, modify, and delete database objects like tables, indexes, and views.

• DML stands for Data Manipulation Language and is used to insert, update, and delete data in a database.

• Examples of DDL commands include CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE.

• Examples of DML commands include INSERT INTO, UPDATE, and DELETE FROM.

• DDL commands are used to defin...read more

ERD for a business

• Identify main entities such as customers, products, orders, and employees

• Define relationships between entities using primary and foreign keys

• Include attributes for each entity to capture relevant information

• Consider additional entities like suppliers, invoices, and payments

• Use crow's foot notation to represent cardinality and optionality

Prepare SQL queries for implementation consultant interview

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data from database

• Include WHERE clause to filter results based on specific criteria

• Utilize JOIN clause to combine data from multiple tables

• Use GROUP BY clause to group results based on a specific column

• Include ORDER BY clause to sort results in ascending or descending order

The flow for a business involves identifying goals, creating a plan, implementing strategies, monitoring progress, and making adjustments.

• Identify business goals and objectives

• Create a detailed business plan outlining strategies and tactics

• Implement the plan by assigning tasks and responsibilities

• Monitor progress and performance metrics

• Make adjustments as needed to achieve goals

React Hooks are functions that let you use state and other React features without writing a class.

• Hooks are functions that let you use state and other React features in functional components.

• useState() is a Hook that lets you add state to functional components.

• useEffect() is a Hook that lets you perform side effects in functional components.

• Custom Hooks allow you to extract component logic into reusable functions.

I have extensive PMO experiences in managing projects and ensuring their successful delivery.

• Managed a portfolio of projects, overseeing their planning, execution, and monitoring.

• Developed and implemented project management methodologies and best practices.

• Provided guidance and support to project teams, ensuring adherence to project timelines and deliverables.

• Established and maintained effective communication channels with stakeholders, facilitating collaboration and alignmen...read more

SDLC is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle

• It includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance

• Each phase has specific goals and deliverables to ensure the quality of the software

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps