Ribbon Communication Junior Java Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on OOPS and OS mainly.

Q1. What are Little Endian and Big Endian in the context of computer architecture?
Ans. 
Little Endian and Big Endian refer to the order in which bytes are stored in computer memory.
• Little Endian stores the least significant byte first, while Big Endian stores the most significant byte first.

• Little Endian is commonly used in x86 architecture, while Big Endian is used in architectures like SPARC and PowerPC.

• Endianness can affect data transmission between systems with different byte orders.
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Q2. Write a program to determine if your system is little-endian or big-endian.
Ans. 
Program to determine system's endianness
• Check the endianness by storing a multi-byte integer and checking the byte order

• Use bitwise operations to extract the least significant byte

• If the least significant byte is at the lowest memory address, it's little-endian

• If the least significant byte is at the highest memory address, it's big-endian
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Q3. What is the volatile keyword in programming?
Ans. 
The volatile keyword in programming is used to indicate that a variable's value can be changed unexpectedly.
• Volatile keyword is used in multithreaded programming to prevent compiler optimizations on variables that can be changed by other threads.

• It tells the compiler not to cache the variable's value in a register, ensuring that every access is made to the variable's memory location.

• Commonly used in embedded systems pr...read more
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Q4. What is the use of a function pointer in C?
Ans. 
Function pointers in C are used to store the address of functions, allowing for dynamic function calls and callbacks.
• Function pointers can be used to implement callbacks in event-driven programming.

• They can be used to switch between different functions at runtime.

• Function pointers are commonly used in implementing data structures like function pointers in an array of function pointers.

• Example: void (*funcPtr)(int) = &a
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Q5. Design a data structure to implement multi-threading.
Ans. 
Design a data structure for multi-threading
• Use a thread-safe queue to manage tasks for each thread

• Implement a lock or semaphore to control access to shared resources

• Consider using condition variables for synchronization

• Use atomic operations for shared variables to prevent race conditions
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Q6. What does a kernel do?
Ans. 
The kernel is the core component of an operating system that manages system resources and provides a bridge between software and hardware.
• Manages system resources such as CPU, memory, and I/O devices

• Provides a bridge between software applications and hardware components

• Handles tasks such as process scheduling, memory management, and device drivers

• Controls communication between hardware and software layers
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Q7. What is a storage class in programming?
Ans. 
A storage class in programming defines the scope and lifetime of variables.
• Storage classes include auto, register, static, and extern.

• Auto variables are created when a function is called and destroyed when the function ends.

• Register variables are stored in CPU registers for faster access.

• Static variables retain their value between function calls.

• Extern variables are declared outside of any function and can be accessed
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

HR round with typical behavioral problems.

Q1. Check if the linked list is palindrome or not
Ans. 
To check if a linked list is a palindrome, compare the first half of the list with the reversed second half.
• Traverse the linked list to find the middle node

• Reverse the second half of the linked list

• Compare the first half with the reversed second half to check for palindrome
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Q2. C string questions
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Q1. Operating systems questions
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Q2. Linked list and system design question
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Q1. Linked list and double pointers
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Binary search and design a data-structure to do insert, delete and get random in O(1)

Questions regarding JS concepts. JS and React specific rounds, closures, Promises, etc

Q1. Solve a js problem to traverse a directory. Simple question
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Q1. Managerial round to understand roles and responsibilities in previous orgs.
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Q1. Find the min and max from List of Integers using java 8 streams.
Ans. 
Find min and max from List of Integers using Java 8 streams.
• Use the `stream()` method on the List to create a stream of integers.

• Use the `min()` method to find the minimum value.

• Use the `max()` method to find the maximum value.
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Q2. Find 2nd largest element using java 8 streams from list of integers.
Ans. 
Find 2nd largest element using Java 8 streams from a list of integers.
• Sort the list of integers in descending order using streams.

• Skip the first element to get the second largest element.
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Q3. Given a Product class and some ArrayList data Find which products has price greater than 200 using java 8 streams?. Find which products having maximum price?
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Q4. Increase a value of List of Integers by *2 and written new list.
Ans. 
Increase the values of a list of integers by 2 and create a new list.
• Iterate through the list of integers

• For each integer, add 2 to its value

• Create a new list with the updated values
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Q5. What are the java new features?
Ans. 
Java has introduced several new features in recent versions.
• Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, which allow for functional programming.

• Java 8 also introduced the Stream API for processing collections of data.

• Java 9 introduced the module system, which provides better encapsulation and modularity.

• Java 10 introduced local variable type inference, allowing the omission of explicit type declarations.

• Java 11 introduced the...read more
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Q6. @Components vs @Repository
Ans. 
The @Component and @Repository annotations are used in Spring Framework for different purposes.
• Both annotations are used to define beans in the Spring container.

• @Component is a generic stereotype annotation for any Spring-managed component.

• @Repository is a specialization of @Component used for DAO classes.

• The @Repository annotation provides additional exception translation for data access exceptions.

• Using @Repository i...read more
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Q7. @SpringBootApplication
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Q8. @Entity explain?
Ans. 
The @Entity annotation is used in Java to mark a class as an entity, which represents a table in a relational database.
• The @Entity annotation is part of the Java Persistence API (JPA) and is used in object-relational mapping (ORM) to map Java objects to database tables.

• It is typically used in conjunction with other JPA annotations like @Table, @Column, and @Id.

• The @Entity annotation is used to define the entity name, s...read more
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Q9. How the database is configure?
Ans. 
The database is configured by setting up the necessary parameters and configurations to ensure proper functioning and performance.
• Database configuration involves defining the database schema, tables, and relationships.

• It includes setting up indexes and constraints for data integrity.

• Configuring database security measures like user access control and permissions.

• Tuning database performance by optimizing query execution ...read more
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Q10. What is Dockerfile?
Ans. 
Dockerfile is a text file that contains instructions to build a Docker image.
• Dockerfile is used to automate the creation of Docker images.

• It specifies the base image, dependencies, environment variables, and commands to run.

• Each instruction in the Dockerfile creates a new layer in the image.

• Dockerfile can be version controlled and shared to ensure consistent builds.

• Example: FROM ubuntu:latest RUN apt-get update && apt-...read more
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Q11. Explain CI CD and your project deployment.
Ans. 
CI/CD is a software development practice that enables frequent and automated code integration, testing, and deployment.
• CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment.

• It involves automating the process of integrating code changes, running tests, and deploying the application.

• CI/CD helps in reducing manual errors, improving code quality, and increasing development speed.

• Tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD...read more
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Q12. What is mutable classes in java? How to create?
Ans. 
Mutable classes in Java are classes whose state can be modified after creation.
• Mutable classes allow changing their internal state

• They can have mutable fields or methods that modify their state

• To create a mutable class, define fields with non-final modifiers

• Provide public methods to modify the state of the class
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Q1. Yet to sChedule
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Q1. Abstract class java
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Q2. Inheritance in java
Ans. 
Inheritance in Java allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.
• Inheritance is achieved using the 'extends' keyword in Java.

• Subclasses can access the methods and fields of their superclass.

• Java does not support multiple inheritance, but a class can implement multiple interfaces.
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Q3. SQL query to find last element
Ans. 
Use SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to find the last element in a table.
• Use ORDER BY column_name DESC to sort the data in descending order.

• Use LIMIT 1 to retrieve only the last element.
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Q4. Html 5 vs Html
Ans. 
HTML5 is the latest version of HTML with new features and improvements.
• HTML5 supports new elements like <video>, <audio>, and <canvas> for multimedia content.

• HTML5 introduces new APIs like Geolocation, Web Storage, and Web Workers for enhanced functionality.

• HTML5 includes improvements in semantics, accessibility, and performance compared to HTML.
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Q5. About the company
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