20+ BML Munjal University Interview Questions and Answers

Windows events/logs can be reviewed in Event Viewer. App log shows application events, Security log shows security-related events, and System log shows system events.

• Open Event Viewer by typing 'eventvwr' in the Run dialog box

• Application log shows events related to applications and programs

• Security log shows events related to security, such as logon attempts and resource access

• System log shows events related to the operating system, such as driver failures and system crashes

Load average is the average number of processes waiting to run on a CPU. Command: 'uptime' or 'top'.

• Load average is a measure of system utilization.

• It is the average number of processes waiting to run on a CPU.

• It is calculated over a period of time, usually 1, 5, and 15 minutes.

• High load average indicates that the system is overloaded.

• Command to check load average: 'uptime' or 'top'.

• Path for 'uptime': /usr/bin/uptime

• Path for 'top': /usr/bin/top

Cloud solutions offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional dedicated solutions.

• Scalability: Cloud solutions can easily scale up or down based on demand.

• Flexibility: Cloud solutions offer more flexibility in terms of customization and integration with other services.

• Cost-effectiveness: Cloud solutions can be more cost-effective as they eliminate the need for expensive hardware and maintenance costs.

• Examples: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform

Public cloud is shared by multiple organizations while private cloud is dedicated to a single organization. Private cloud is more secure.

• Public cloud is accessible to anyone on the internet while private cloud is accessible only to authorized users.

• Public cloud is less secure as it is shared by multiple organizations and there is a risk of data breaches.

• Private cloud is more secure as it is dedicated to a single organization and has more control over security measures.

• Example...read more

A Cron job is a scheduled task that runs automatically at specified intervals in Linux.

• Cron is a time-based job scheduler in Linux.

• It is used to automate repetitive tasks like backups, updates, etc.

• Cron jobs are defined in a crontab file.

• The syntax for setting up a Cron job is: * * * * * command-to-be-executed

• The five asterisks represent the minute, hour, day of the month, month, and day of the week respectively.

• For example, to run a script every day at 3 AM, the syntax would...read more

Cloud technology offers flexibility and scalability, but also comes with security concerns and potential downtime.

• Advantages: flexibility, scalability, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, automatic updates

• Disadvantages: security concerns, potential downtime, dependency on internet connectivity, limited control over infrastructure

• Examples: Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform

• Security concerns: data breaches, unauthorized access, data loss

• Downtime: can res...read more

PowerShell is a more advanced command-line interface than CMD, with more features and capabilities.

• PowerShell is object-oriented, while CMD is text-based

• PowerShell has more advanced scripting capabilities

• PowerShell has more built-in commands and modules

• CMD is more limited in its capabilities

• Troubleshooting commands for PowerShell include Get-Help, Get-Command, and Test-NetConnection

• Troubleshooting commands for CMD include Ping, Ipconfig, and Netstat

Public IP is accessible from the internet while private IP is only accessible within a local network.

• Public IP is assigned by the ISP and is unique to the internet.

• Private IP is assigned by a router and is unique within a local network.

• Public IP allows devices to communicate with the internet.

• Private IP allows devices to communicate within a local network.

• Examples of public IP include 8.8.8.8 and 216.58.194.174.

• Examples of private IP include 192.168.0.1 and 10.0.0.1.

AD replication is the process of copying and distributing data between domain controllers in Active Directory.

• AD replication ensures that changes made on one domain controller are synchronized with other domain controllers in the network.

• Troubleshooting steps for AD replication failure include checking network connectivity, DNS configuration, firewall settings, and replication topology.

• Common tools used for troubleshooting AD replication issues include Repadmin, DCDiag, and E...read more

To check who owns an IP, use a WHOIS lookup tool.

• Use a WHOIS lookup tool to find the owner of an IP address.

• WHOIS lookup tools can be found online or through command line interfaces.

• Enter the IP address into the WHOIS lookup tool to retrieve information about the owner.

• The information provided may include the owner's name, contact information, and organization.

• Some WHOIS lookup tools may require payment or registration to access certain information.

Load balancers distribute network traffic across multiple servers to improve performance and availability.

• Load balancers can be hardware or software-based

• They use algorithms to distribute traffic based on factors like server health and response time

• Load balancers can improve scalability and reduce downtime

• Examples of load balancers include NGINX, F5, and Amazon ELB

Active Directory is a directory service that stores information about objects on a network and allows for centralized management.

• Active Directory Tree: A collection of domains that share a contiguous namespace.

• Active Directory Forest: A collection of one or more AD trees that do not share a contiguous namespace.

• OU (Organizational Unit): A container within a domain that can hold users, groups, computers, and other OUs.

• Sites: Physical or logical network locations that help opti...read more

Cloud service models are the different ways in which cloud computing services are offered to users.

• There are three main cloud service models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS)

• IaaS provides users with virtualized computing resources, such as servers and storage, over the internet

• PaaS provides users with a platform for developing, running, and managing applications without having to worry about the underlying infr...read more

HTTP is unsecured while HTTPS is secured with SSL/TLS encryption.

• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol while HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

• HTTP operates on port 80 while HTTPS operates on port 443.

• HTTP is vulnerable to attacks like man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping while HTTPS is secure against such attacks.

• HTTPS uses SSL/TLS encryption to secure the communication between the client and server.

• Examples of websites using HTTPS are banking websites...read more

IDS detects and alerts about potential threats, while IPS detects and prevents them.

• IDS stands for Intrusion Detection System

• IPS stands for Intrusion Prevention System

• IDS monitors network traffic and alerts about potential threats

• IPS actively blocks potential threats

• IDS is passive and does not interfere with network traffic

• IPS is active and can modify or block network traffic

• IDS can be used for forensic analysis after an attack

• IPS can prevent attacks in real-time

• Examples of I...read more

SSH and Telnet are the most commonly used protocols to login to Linux servers.

• SSH (Secure Shell) is a secure protocol that encrypts the data transmitted between the client and server.

• Telnet is an unencrypted protocol that transmits data in plain text.

• SSH is the recommended protocol for logging in to Linux servers due to its security features.

• Other protocols like FTP and SFTP can also be used for file transfer and remote access.

• Authentication methods like password-based, key-b...read more

VM cloning creates an exact copy of a virtual machine, while a template is a pre-configured image used to create new VMs.

• VM cloning duplicates an existing VM with all configurations and data intact.

• Templates are pre-configured images used as a baseline for creating new VMs.

• Cloning results in an identical copy, while templates are used as a starting point for customization.

• Cloning is useful for creating backups or testing, while templates streamline VM deployment.

• Example: Clon...read more

OSI and TCP/IP are both networking models, but OSI has 7 layers while TCP/IP has 4 layers.

• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection and TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

• OSI has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• TCP/IP has 4 layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application.

• OSI is a theoretical model while TCP/IP is a practical model used in the internet.

• TCP/IP is more wide...read more

Firewalls are network security systems that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic.

• Firewalls can be hardware, software, or cloud-based.

• Types of firewalls include packet-filtering, stateful inspection, proxy, and next-generation firewalls.

• Packet-filtering firewalls examine packets and filter them based on pre-defined rules.

• Stateful inspection firewalls keep track of the state of network connections and filter traffic based on that information.

• Proxy firewalls...read more

RAID and clustering are two different technologies used in Windows for data redundancy and high availability.

• RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks and is used to combine multiple physical disks into a single logical unit for data redundancy and performance improvement.

• Clustering is used to provide high availability for applications and services by grouping multiple servers together to act as a single system.

• Windows Server supports various RAID levels such as RA...read more