Axtria Interview Questions and Answers

Modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal to transmit information. Different types include AM, FM, PM, and QAM.

• Modulation is used to transfer information by varying a high-frequency carrier signal.

• Amplitude Modulation (AM) varies the amplitude of the carrier signal to encode information.

• Frequency Modulation (FM) varies the frequency of the carrier signal to encode information.

• Phase Modulation (PM) varies the phase of the carrier signal to encode information.

• Quadra...read more

Different types of analog modulation schemes can be found in various communication systems.

• Analog modulation schemes are used in radio broadcasting, television transmission, and wireless communication.

• Some common types of analog modulation schemes include amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM).

• AM is used in AM radio broadcasting, where the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied to transmit audio signals.

• FM is used in FM radio broadc...read more

Propagation delay is the time it takes for an electromagnetic wave to travel from one point to another.

• Propagation delay is determined by the distance between the two points and the speed of light.

• It is the time it takes for the wave to propagate through a medium or free space.

• Propagation delay can be calculated using the formula: delay = distance / speed of light.

• For example, if the distance between two points is 100 meters, and the speed of light is 3 x 10^8 meters per seco...read more

VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. It is a measure of how well a transmission line is matched to the impedance of the connected devices.

• VSWR is a ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage along a transmission line.

• It is used to measure the efficiency of power transfer and the impedance matching in RF systems.

• A lower VSWR indicates better impedance matching and less power loss.

• VSWR is important in RF systems to prevent signal reflections, which can degrade ...read more

A standing wave in a transmission line is a wave that appears to be stationary, resulting from the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions.

• A standing wave is formed when a wave traveling in one direction reflects back upon encountering an impedance mismatch in the transmission line.

• The interference between the incident and reflected waves creates regions of constructive and destructive interference, resulting in nodes and antinodes along the transmission li...read more

Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) waveforms can be represented graphically.

• AM modulation: The amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating signal.

• FM modulation: The frequency of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating signal.

• Waveforms can be drawn to show the variations in amplitude or frequency over time.

• AM waveform will have varying amplitudes while FM waveform will hav...read more

A transmitter and receiver are essential components of a communication system.

• Transmitter converts information into a suitable form for transmission.

• Receiver receives the transmitted signal and converts it back into the original form.

• Transmitter typically includes a modulator, power amplifier, and antenna.

• Receiver typically includes an antenna, demodulator, and audio or video output.

• Example: In a radio communication system, the transmitter converts audio signals into radio wa...read more