Petronas Security Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

The OS layer is the software layer that manages hardware resources and provides a platform for running applications.

• Manages hardware resources such as CPU, memory, and storage

• Provides a platform for running applications and managing processes

• Handles input/output operations and communication between hardware and software

• Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

• Acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network

• Filters traffic based on rules set by network administrators

• Can be hardware-based or software-based

• Can block or allow traffic based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, etc.

• Examples include Cisco AS

TCP three-way handshake is a method used to establish a connection between a client and a server in a TCP/IP network.

• Client sends a SYN packet to the server to initiate the connection

• Server responds with a SYN-ACK packet to acknowledge the request

• Client sends an ACK packet back to the server to confirm the connection

• Connection is now established and data transfer can begin