Orange Business Security Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

3 way hand shaking is a process in TCP/IP communication where three packets are exchanged to establish a connection.

• Three packets are involved: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK

• SYN packet is sent by the client to the server to initiate the connection

• SYN-ACK packet is sent by the server to the client as a response

• ACK packet is sent by the client to the server to confirm the connection

The OSI Model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.

• The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model.

• It helps in understanding how data is transferred between devices in a network.

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Examples of layers include Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Sessio

TCP is connection-oriented, reliable, and slower, while UDP is connectionless, unreliable, and faster.

• TCP is connection-oriented, meaning it establishes a connection before sending data, while UDP is connectionless.

• TCP is reliable as it ensures all data is received in order and without errors, while UDP does not guarantee delivery.

• TCP is slower due to the overhead of establishing and maintaining connections, while UDP ...read more

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

• Acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network

• Filters traffic based on rules set by the network administrator

• Can be hardware-based or software-based

• Examples include Cisco ASA, Palo Alto Networks, and pfSense

Prioritizing and remediating vulnerabilities using OWASP Top 10

• Start by identifying the vulnerabilities that pose the highest risk to the organization

• Use the OWASP Top 10 as a guide to prioritize vulnerabilities

• Consider the likelihood and potential impact of each vulnerability

• Remediate vulnerabilities based on their priority level

• Perform regular vulnerability assessments to stay up-to-date on new vulnerabilities

• Example...read more

I am a dedicated Security Analyst with a strong background in cybersecurity and risk management.

• Experienced in conducting security assessments and identifying vulnerabilities

• Skilled in implementing security measures to protect against cyber threats

• Proficient in analyzing security incidents and responding effectively

• Certified in relevant security certifications such as CISSP or CISM

Malware refers to malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.

• Viruses: self-replicating programs that infect other files on a computer

• Worms: standalone malware that spreads across networks

• Trojans: disguised as legitimate software to trick users into installing them

• Ransomware: encrypts files and demands payment for decryption

• Spyware: secretly gathers information about...read more

The first step would be to isolate the infected machine from the network to prevent further spread of the infection.

• Isolate the infected machine from the network to prevent further spread of the infection

• Identify the type of malware or virus that has infected the machine

• Run a full system scan using antivirus software to detect and remove the malware

• Update the operating system and all software to patch any vulnerabiliti...read more

DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. DORA process involves Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge stages.

• DHCP Discover: Client broadcasts a request for IP address

• DHCP Offer: Server responds with an available IP address

• DHCP Request: Client requests the offered IP address

• DHCP Acknowledge: Server confirms the IP address assignment

A personal computer communicates with a web application through a series of steps involving network protocols.

• The computer sends a request to the web application's server using the HTTP protocol.

• The server processes the request and sends back a response containing the requested information.

• The communication is facilitated by the TCP/IP protocol stack.

• Data is transmitted over the internet using IP addresses and domain n...read more

SSL handshake is a process where a client and server establish a secure connection by exchanging encryption keys and verifying identities.

• Client sends a hello message to server with supported encryption algorithms

• Server responds with its own hello message, including its certificate

• Client verifies server's certificate and generates a pre-master secret

• Both client and server use the pre-master secret to generate a unique ...read more

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a protocol used for mapping an IP address to a MAC address.

• ARP is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network.

• There are two main types of ARP: ARP Request and ARP Reply.

• ARP Request is sent by a device to find the MAC address of another device with a known IP address.

• ARP Reply is sent in response to an ARP Request, providing the MAC address of the requested IP ad

TCP IP Header contains information such as source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, sequence numbers, and more.

• Source IP address

• Destination IP address

• Source port number

• Destination port number

• Sequence number

• Acknowledgment number

• Header length

• Checksum

App ID in Palo Alto Firewalls is a feature that identifies applications on the network based on various parameters.

• App ID uses multiple methods to identify applications, including port-based, protocol-based, and application signature-based identification.

• It allows administrators to create policies based on specific applications rather than just ports or protocols.

• App ID helps in enhancing security by allowing granular ...read more

SP3 Architecture of Palo Alto Firewalls refers to Security Processing Plane, Control Plane, and Data Plane.

• SP3 Architecture consists of Security Processing Plane (SP), Control Plane (C), and Data Plane (D)

• Security Processing Plane (SP) handles security functions like threat prevention and decryption

• Control Plane (C) manages routing and firewall policies

• Data Plane (D) processes and forwards traffic based on firewall pol...read more