Nucleus Software Exports Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Frameworks provide structure and pre-built components for software development, but can also limit flexibility and require learning curve.

• Advantage: Provides structure and pre-built components for faster development

• Advantage: Can improve code quality and maintainability

• Disadvantage: Can limit flexibility and customization

• Disadvantage: Requires learning curve and potential dependency issues

• Example: ReactJS provides a fr...read more

Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent real-world entities.

• Advantages: code reusability, modularity, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism

• Disadvantages: complexity, steep learning curve, performance overhead

• Example: creating a class 'Car' with properties like 'make', 'model', and 'year', and methods like 'start_engine' and 'stop_engine'

Minimum 2 platforms required for a railway station.

• At least 2 platforms are required for trains to arrive and depart simultaneously.

• Additional platforms may be required based on the frequency of trains and passenger traffic.

• Platforms should be long enough to accommodate the longest trains that will use the station.

• Platforms should also have appropriate facilities for passengers, such as seating, shelter, and signage.

Find set of numbers from an array that can form nearest sum to the given number.

• Sort the array in ascending order

• Use two pointers approach to find the nearest sum

• Return the set of numbers

Trapping Rain Water Problem

• The problem involves calculating the amount of water trapped between bars in a histogram

• The solution involves finding the maximum height of bars on both sides of each bar and subtracting the height of the bar itself

• This can be done using two arrays to store the maximum height of bars on the left and right side of each bar

The problem is to find the least cost to travel from source to destination using dynamic programming.

• Use dynamic programming to solve the problem

• Create a 2D array to store the minimum cost to reach each cell

• Fill the array using the recurrence relation: minCost[i][j] = cost[i][j] + min(minCost[i-1][j], minCost[i][j-1], minCost[i-1][j-1])

• The final answer will be stored in minCost[m][n], where m and n are the coordinates ...read more

Level order traversal of Binary tree

• Use a queue to traverse the tree level by level

• Enqueue the root node and then dequeue it and enqueue its children

• Repeat until the queue is empty

Use dynamic programming to find the longest palindromic substring in a given string.

• Iterate through the string and expand around each character to find palindromes.

• Store the length of the longest palindrome found so far.

• Return the substring based on the start and end indices of the longest palindrome.

To serialize and deserialize a tree, use a recursive approach to traverse the tree and store the data in a suitable format.

• Use pre-order traversal to serialize the tree by storing the node values in a list or string.

• For deserialization, reconstruct the tree by recursively building nodes from the serialized data.

• Consider using JSON or XML format for serialization to easily store and retrieve tree structure.

Use regex library to match given regex with string.

• Use a regex library like re in Python to match the given regex with the string.

• Check if the regex matches the string using the library functions.

• Handle cases where the regex contains special characters like . and * appropriately.

Throttling is a technique used to control the rate of requests sent to a server.

• Throttling helps prevent server overload by limiting the number of requests processed at a time.

• Implementing a throttle function involves setting a maximum request rate and delaying excess requests.

• Example: Implementing a throttle function in a web application to limit the number of API calls made to a third-party service.

• Example: Throttlin...read more

Sort the squares of elements in a sorted array and return the sorted response.

• Iterate through the array and square each element.

• Store the squared values in a new array.

• Sort the new array and return it.

A promise is a commitment to do something in the future, typically used for asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• They represent a value that may be available now, in the future, or never.

• Promises have three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Example: new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => resolve('Done!'), 1000); });

Event loop is a mechanism that allows for asynchronous execution of code by managing the order of events in a single thread.

• Event loop continuously checks the call stack for any functions that need to be executed, and processes them in a non-blocking manner.

• Different types of queues in event loop include microtask queue (Promise callbacks), macrotask queue (setTimeout, setInterval callbacks), and animation frame queue

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, used to improve performance by minimizing direct manipulation of the real DOM.

• Virtual DOM is a concept used in frameworks like React to optimize rendering performance.

• Changes are first made to the virtual DOM, which is then compared to the real DOM to identify the minimal updates needed.

• This approach reduces the number of actual DOM manipulations, resulting in faster...read more