nCircle Tech Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is vector? How to use it ?
Ans. 
A vector is a dynamic array that can resize itself automatically when elements are added or removed.
• Vectors are part of the C++ Standard Template Library (STL).

• They provide similar functionality to arrays but with additional features like automatic resizing.

• Vectors can be accessed using index notation and have methods for adding, removing, and accessing elements.

• Example: vector numbers = {1, 2, 3}; numbers.push_back(4)...read more
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Q2. How to project point on line ?
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To project a point on a line, calculate the perpendicular distance from the point to the line and find the point on the line that is closest to the given point.
• Calculate the slope of the line

• Find the equation of the line

• Calculate the perpendicular distance from the point to the line using the formula |Ax + By + C| / sqrt(A^2 + B^2)

• Find the point on the line that is closest to the given point by moving along the perpend...read more
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Q3. Is JavaScript asynchronous language?
Ans. 
Yes, JavaScript is an asynchronous language.
• JavaScript uses callbacks and promises to handle asynchronous operations.

• Asynchronous functions allow other code to run while waiting for a response.

• Example: setTimeout() function in JavaScript is asynchronous.
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Q4. What is matrix multiplication and how to do it ?
Ans. 
Matrix multiplication is a mathematical operation that combines two matrices to produce a third matrix.
• Matrix multiplication involves multiplying the rows of the first matrix by the columns of the second matrix.

• The number of columns in the first matrix must equal the number of rows in the second matrix.

• The resulting matrix will have the same number of rows as the first matrix and the same number of columns as the secon...read more
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Q5. Write a program to create Fibonacci sequence pyramid
Ans. 
Program to create Fibonacci sequence pyramid
• Start by defining the number of rows for the pyramid

• Use nested loops to generate Fibonacci numbers for each row

• Print the Fibonacci numbers in pyramid format
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It covered the basics, focusing on concepts like boat speed and different types.

Based on leetcodes bacis questionsa

Q1. Explain Basic OOP's Pillers
Ans. 
OOP's pillars are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.
• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together and restricting access to them.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and methods.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on many forms and perform different actions based on ...read more
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Q2. What's Copy Constructor
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Copy constructor is a special constructor that creates a new object by copying an existing object.
• It is used to create a new object with the same values as an existing object.

• It takes an object of the same class as a parameter.

• It is used to avoid shallow copy issues.

• Example: MyClass(const MyClass& obj) { //copy constructor code }
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Q3. What's Shallow copy and deep copy? How can you make deep copy?
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Shallow copy creates a new object with the same reference as the original, while deep copy creates a new object with a new reference.
• Shallow copy only copies the reference of the original object, while deep copy creates a new object with a new reference and copies the values of the original object.

• In Python, shallow copy can be made using the copy() method, while deep copy can be made using the deepcopy() method from t...read more
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Q4. What's function overriding
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Function overriding is a feature in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides a different implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.
• It allows a subclass to provide its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• The method in the subclass must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the superclass.

• The method in the subclass can...read more
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Q5. Difference between reference and pointer. L-value and R-value
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Reference is an alias to an existing variable while pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
• References cannot be null while pointers can be null

• References cannot be re-assigned while pointers can be re-assigned

• L-value refers to the memory location of a variable while R-value refers to the value stored in that memory location
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Q6. Write program to reverse string without extra space Now convert it into recursion
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Program to reverse string without extra space using recursion
• Use a recursive function to swap the first and last characters of the string

• Recursively call the function on the remaining substring

• Base case: when the string length is 0 or 1, return the string itself
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Q7. Which containers have you used in STL?
Ans. 
I have used vector, deque, list, stack, queue, and priority_queue containers in STL.
• Vector is used for dynamic arrays.

• Deque is used for double-ended queues.

• List is used for doubly linked lists.

• Stack is used for LIFO data structure.

• Queue is used for FIFO data structure.

• Priority_queue is used for priority queues.
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Q1. Find the occurrence of character in the string in javascript?
Ans. 
Use the JavaScript method 'split' to split the string into an array and then count the occurrences of the desired character.
• Use the 'split' method to split the string into an array of characters

• Use the 'filter' method to filter out the desired character

• Get the length of the filtered array to find the occurrence count
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