Moolya Software Testing Sdet Automation Test Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Basic OOP's Concepts
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Q2. What's Copy Constructor and how and why it is used
Ans. 
Copy constructor creates a new object by copying the values of an existing object.
• Copy constructor is used to create a new object with the same values as an existing object.

• It is invoked when a new object is initialized with an existing object.

• It is used to avoid shallow copy and ensure deep copy of objects.

• Example: MyClass obj1; MyClass obj2 = obj1; //copy constructor called to create obj2
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Q3. What's shallow and deep copy
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Shallow copy creates a new object with the same reference as the original, while deep copy creates a new object with a new reference.
• Shallow copy only copies the reference to the original object, so changes made to the copy will affect the original object.

• Deep copy creates a new object with a new reference, so changes made to the copy will not affect the original object.

• In Python, shallow copy can be made using the cop...read more
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Q4. How vector works internally
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Vectors are dynamic arrays that allocate memory dynamically. They work by storing elements in contiguous memory locations.
• Vectors allocate memory dynamically and store elements in contiguous memory locations

• They can be resized dynamically as needed

• Accessing elements is done using an index, similar to arrays

• Inserting or deleting elements in the middle of a vector can be expensive as it requires shifting all subsequent e...read more
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Q5. Different containers in STL
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STL provides various containers like vector, list, map, set, etc.
• Vector: Dynamic array with contiguous memory allocation

• List: Doubly linked list

• Map: Associative container with key-value pairs

• Set: Associative container with unique keys

• Deque: Double-ended queue

• Stack: LIFO data structure

• Queue: FIFO data structure
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Q6. What's difference between ordered map and unordered map
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Ordered map maintains the order of insertion while unordered map does not.
• Ordered map is implemented using a balanced binary search tree while unordered map is implemented using a hash table.

• Ordered map is useful when we need to maintain the order of insertion while unordered map is useful when we need faster access to elements.

• Example of ordered map: std::map in C++, Example of unordered map: std::unordered_map in C++
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Q7. What's' polymorphism and how it works
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Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were the same type.
• Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class.

• Method overloading is when a class has two or more methods with the same...read more
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Q8. How compiler differentiate between different function with same signature. Name mangling
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Name mangling is used by compilers to differentiate between different functions with the same signature.
• Name mangling is a process of encoding/decoding function names to include additional information such as parameter types and namespaces.

• This allows the compiler to differentiate between functions with the same name and signature.

• For example, in C++, two functions with the same name and signature but in different name...read more
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Q9. Write C++ program to find absolute difference between sum of diagonal elements
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C++ program to find absolute difference between sum of diagonal elements
• Create a 2D array

• Calculate sum of diagonal elements

• Calculate absolute difference

• Print the result
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Q10. How does virtual function works. What's Vptr and Vtable. Why virtual function is needed
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Virtual functions allow dynamic binding of functions at runtime. Vptr and Vtable are used to implement this feature.
• Virtual functions are declared in base class and can be overridden in derived classes.

• Vptr is a pointer to Vtable which contains addresses of virtual functions.

• Virtual function is needed to achieve polymorphism and to allow derived classes to have their own implementation of a function.

• Virtual functions a...read more
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Q1. Brief about background, experience and projects
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I am a software engineer with 5 years of experience in developing web applications and mobile apps.
• Developed a web application for a healthcare company using React and Node.js

• Built a mobile app for a retail company using React Native

• Worked on a project for a financial institution using Java and Spring Framework

• Experience in Agile methodology and Scrum framework

• Strong skills in problem-solving and debugging
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Q2. Few code snippet regarding memory leak how you will resolve them
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Q3. Code snippet regarding how virtual function will work. With and without virtual keyword
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Q4. Given one point and circle how will you find if it's inside circle or outside circle
Ans. 
Check if a point is inside or outside a circle
• Calculate the distance between the center of the circle and the given point using the distance formula

• If the distance is less than the radius of the circle, the point is inside the circle

• If the distance is equal to the radius of the circle, the point is on the circle

• If the distance is greater than the radius of the circle, the point is outside the circle
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Q5. What's smart pointers Which IDE you use Have you used GDB?
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Smart pointers are objects that manage the memory of dynamically allocated objects, preventing memory leaks and dangling pointers.
• Smart pointers are a type of RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) technique.

• They automatically delete the object they point to when it is no longer needed.

• Examples of smart pointers include unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr in C++.

• They are used to prevent memory leaks and danglin...read more
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Q1. About PLC Programming
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Q2. About Industrial Automation
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Sudu codes all languages array string if else for loop

Q1. Write a factorial program and explain it and define class syantax
Ans. 
Factorial program using class syntax explained with examples.
• Factorial is the product of all positive integers up to a given number.

• Class syntax is used to define a blueprint for creating objects.

• Example: class Factorial { def fact(n): return 1 if n == 0 else n * fact(n-1) }

• Example: f = Factorial(); print(f.fact(5)) # Output: 120
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Q2. Write function syantax
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Function syntax is the structure and format of a function in a programming language.
• Function name followed by parentheses and parameters

• Code block enclosed in curly braces

• Return statement to output a value

• Example: function add(a, b) { return a + b; }

• Example: function greet(name) { console.log('Hello, ' + name + '!'); }
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