Microsoft Corporation Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

OA Test with 2 medium level questions

Q1. Similar to kth largest element in array
Ans. 
Find the kth largest element in an array of integers using efficient algorithms.
• Use a max-heap to extract the largest elements efficiently. Example: For array [3, 2, 1, 5, 6, 4] and k=2, return 5.

• Alternatively, use quickselect algorithm for average O(n) time complexity. Example: In the same array, quickselect can find the 2nd largest.

• Sorting the array and accessing the kth largest directly is simple but O(n log n). Exa...read more
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Q2. Similar to no. of islands of leetcode
Ans. 
Count distinct islands in a grid of '1's (land) and '0's (water) using DFS or BFS.
• Use Depth-First Search (DFS) or Breadth-First Search (BFS) to explore the grid.

• Mark visited land cells to avoid counting them multiple times.

• Each time you start a new DFS/BFS from an unvisited land cell, increment the island count.

• Example: For grid [['1', '1', '0'], ['0', '1', '0'], ['0', '0', '1']], there are 2 islands.
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Q1. Machine Coding Round on your domain
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Q1. General HR questions were asked
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2 problem related to graphs and dynamic programming 45min I was given to solve I was able to solve both of them and got shortlisted for the next round.

Q1. Started with Basic introduction about myself and my experiences then moved directly to a problem from leetcode based on hashing + sliding window I was able to provide the solution.
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Q1. Why should we hire you
Ans. 
I have a strong technical background, excellent problem-solving skills, and a passion for software development.
• I have a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and 5 years of experience in software development.

• I have successfully completed multiple projects using various programming languages such as Java, Python, and JavaScript.

• I am a quick learner and always eager to expand my knowledge and skills in the field of softw...read more
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Q1. Tell me about yourself
Ans. 
I am a passionate software developer with experience in Java, Python, and web development.
• Experienced in Java, Python, and web development technologies

• Strong problem-solving skills

• Team player with excellent communication skills
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Q2. About dsa and opps
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1 hr wide varitey of question

Q1. Tell me about graph
Ans. 
A graph is a data structure that consists of nodes (vertices) connected by edges.
• Nodes represent entities and edges represent relationships between entities

• Graphs can be directed or undirected

• Common graph algorithms include depth-first search and breadth-first search
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2 easy level machine coding round.

Q1. 2 coding questions, one dp and another linked list.
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Q1. 1 coding question on graph
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Q1. Design question. Design a logger.
Ans. 
A logger captures and stores application events for debugging and monitoring purposes.
• Log Levels: Define levels like DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, and FATAL for categorizing logs.

• Output Formats: Support multiple formats (e.g., JSON, plain text) for flexibility.

• Log Rotation: Implement log rotation to manage file sizes and prevent disk overflow.

• Asynchronous Logging: Use asynchronous methods to avoid blocking application perf...read more
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Q1. Techno managerial round.
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