20+ Ancora Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

Answers to interview questions for Senior Software Engineer

• 1. CASE is used to provide conditional logic in SQL queries, while DECODE is used to perform conditional value substitution.

• 2. Primary keys are used to uniquely identify each record in a database table.

• 3. Procedures and functions are both database objects that encapsulate a series of SQL statements, but functions return a value while procedures do not.

• 4. SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(sal...read more

The question is unclear. Please provide more context.

A cursor is a database object used to manipulate data in a result set.

• A cursor is used to traverse through a result set one row at a time.

• It can be used to update or delete rows in a result set.

• Attributes of a cursor include its name, type, scrollability, and sensitivity.

• Examples of cursor types include forward-only, static, dynamic, and keyset-driven.

Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations in a database.

• Indexes are created on one or more columns of a table.

• They can be of different types such as B-tree, hash, bitmap, etc.

• B-tree indexes are the most commonly used type of index.

• Indexes can be unique or non-unique.

• They can also be clustered or non-clustered.

• Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in a table.

• Non-clustered indexes have a separate structure that points to th...read more

Joins are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Types of joins include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join returns only the matching rows from both tables.

• Left join returns all the rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right join returns all the rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

• Full outer join returns all the rows from both tables, with NULL val...read more

Garbage collection is an automatic memory management process in which the system frees up memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.

• Garbage collection is a feature of many programming languages, including Java and C#.

• It helps prevent memory leaks and reduces the burden of manual memory management.

• The garbage collector identifies and releases memory that is no longer referenced by any active objects.

• It works by tracing the object graph and marking objects that are s...read more

HashMap is not synchronized and allows null values, while Hashtable is synchronized and does not allow null values.

• HashMap is faster and preferred for non-thread-safe operations.

• Hashtable is slower but thread-safe.

• HashMap allows null values, while Hashtable does not.

• HashMap is not synchronized, so it is not suitable for concurrent operations.

• Hashtable is synchronized, making it suitable for concurrent operations.

Stored procedures, functions, and packages are database objects used to encapsulate and execute code.

• Stored procedures are precompiled SQL statements that can be executed multiple times.

• Functions return a single value and can be used in SQL statements.

• Packages are a collection of related procedures, functions, and variables.

• Stored procedures and functions can be used to improve performance by reducing network traffic.

• Packages can be used to organize and modularize code.

• Stored...read more

Expectations are the anticipated outcomes or results of a particular situation or action.

• Expectations are often based on past experiences or cultural norms.

• They can be explicit or implicit, and can vary greatly between individuals.

• Unmet expectations can lead to disappointment, frustration, or conflict.

• Clear communication and managing expectations can help avoid misunderstandings.

• Examples of expectations include job performance, social behavior, and personal relationships.

Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure it meets specified requirements and functions correctly.

• Identifying defects or bugs in the software

• Verifying that the software meets the specified requirements

• Ensuring the software functions correctly under different conditions

• Types of software testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing

Underwriting is the process of evaluating the risk of insuring a person or asset and determining the premium to be charged.

• Underwriting involves assessing the risk associated with insuring a particular individual or asset.

• Factors such as age, health, occupation, and lifestyle are considered during underwriting.

• The underwriter determines the premium to be charged based on the assessed risk.

• Underwriting is commonly used in insurance, mortgage lending, and investment banking.

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing by providing a way to mock dependencies.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

Static variable is a variable that retains its value between function calls.

• Static variables are declared using the 'static' keyword.

• They are initialized only once and retain their value throughout the program's execution.

• They have a local scope within the function where they are declared.

• Example: static int count = 0; in a function will retain the value of count across multiple calls to that function.

A variable is a named storage location in a computer's memory that can hold a value.

• Variables are used to store and manipulate data in a program.

• They have a name, a type, and a value.

• The value of a variable can be changed during program execution.

• Variables can be used to perform calculations, store user input, or hold intermediate results.

• Examples: int age = 25; float temperature = 98.6; string name = 'John';

Hands-on experience refers to practical experience gained by actively working on projects or tasks related to a specific field or technology.

• Hands-on experience in microservice design pattern involves actually implementing and deploying microservices in a real-world project.

• Hands-on experience in security includes actively working on implementing security measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization in applications.

• AWS services commonly used in microservices...read more

Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and allows for fast retrieval of values based on keys.

• Hashmap uses a hash function to map keys to indices in an array.

• It allows for constant time complexity O(1) for insertion, deletion, and retrieval operations.

• In case of collisions, separate chaining or open addressing techniques are used to handle them.

• Example: HashMap map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("key1", 1); int value = map.get("key1");

Inheritance in Java allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Allows a class to inherit fields and methods from another class

• Promotes code reusability and reduces redundancy

• Uses the 'extends' keyword to establish a parent-child relationship

• Child class can access non-private members of the parent class

Interface in Java is a blueprint of a class that defines a set of methods without implementation.

• Interfaces can have abstract methods and constants

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces

• Interfaces are used for achieving abstraction and multiple inheritance

Collection framework in Java provides a set of interfaces and classes to store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Includes interfaces like List, Set, Map

• Classes like ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, HashMap

• Provides methods for adding, removing, and accessing elements

• Allows for easy iteration and manipulation of collections

Performance testing is a type of testing that evaluates the speed, responsiveness, stability, and scalability of a software application.

• It involves simulating real-world scenarios to measure the performance of the application

• It helps identify bottlenecks and performance issues in the application

• It can be done using tools like JMeter, LoadRunner, and Gatling

• Examples of performance testing include load testing, stress testing, and endurance testing

Currency conversion use case diagram for Tech Lead interview

• Actors: User, Currency Converter System

• Use Cases: Enter amount, Select source currency, Select target currency, Convert currency, Display converted amount

• Relationships: User interacts with Currency Converter System to perform currency conversion

• Include: Error handling for invalid inputs

• Extend: Historical exchange rate lookup feature

I developed a web-based project management system for tracking tasks and deadlines.

• Used HTML, CSS, JavaScript for front-end development

• Utilized PHP and MySQL for back-end functionality

• Implemented user authentication and authorization features

• Integrated calendar and notification functionalities