Macleods Pharmaceuticals Officer Grade 2 Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

• pH stands for 'potential of hydrogen'

• It is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

• A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a value above 7 indicates alkalinity

• Pure water has a pH of 7, making it neutral

• Examples of pH values: lemon juice (pH 2), baking soda (pH 9), stomac

Unit operation refers to a single step in a chemical process, while unit process is a combination of multiple unit operations.

• Unit operation is a distinct step or action in a chemical process.

• Unit process is a combination of multiple unit operations.

• Unit operations involve physical or chemical changes to materials.

• Unit processes are used to transform raw materials into desired products.

• Examples of unit operations inclu...read more

Extraction is the process of separating a desired substance from a mixture using solvents. Distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points.

• Extraction involves dissolving a substance in a solvent to separate it from a mixture.

• Distillation involves heating a mixture to vaporize the component with the lowest boiling point, then condensing it to collect the pure substance.

• Bot...read more

Mass transfer and heat transfer are two important concepts in chemical engineering.

• Mass transfer involves the movement of mass from one place to another, often through a fluid medium.

• Heat transfer involves the movement of thermal energy from one place to another, often through a temperature gradient.

• Both mass transfer and heat transfer are important in many chemical engineering processes, such as distillation, evaporat...read more

Modes of heat transfer include conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material without any movement of the material itself.

• Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids or gases.

• Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

• Examples include touching a hot stove (conduction), boiling water (convection), and feeling the warmth of the sun (r