10+ TCS Interview Questions and Answers

Corrective action is taken to fix a problem that has already occurred, while preventive action is taken to avoid a problem from happening in the future.

• Corrective action is reactive, while preventive action is proactive.

• Corrective action is taken after a problem has been identified, while preventive action is taken before a problem occurs.

• Examples of corrective action include repairing a machine that has broken down, while examples of preventive action include regular mainten...read more

The type of pump and valve depends on the specific production process and requirements.

• The selection of pump and valve depends on factors such as the fluid being handled, flow rate, pressure, temperature, and material compatibility.

• Common types of pumps include centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps, and diaphragm pumps.

• Common types of valves include ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves.

• For example, in a chemical production process, a centrifug...read more

Distillation is a process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on their different boiling points.

• Distillation involves heating a liquid mixture to vaporize the more volatile components.

• The vapor is then cooled and condensed back into a liquid, resulting in the separation of the components.

• The component with the lower boiling point will vaporize first and can be collected separately.

• Common examples of distillation include the production of alcoholic beverages and...read more

There are various types of distillation, such as fractional distillation, simple distillation, and vacuum distillation.

• Fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures with close boiling points, such as in the separation of different components of crude oil.

• Simple distillation is used to separate liquids with significantly different boiling points, such as in the purification of water.

• Vacuum distillation is used to distill substances at lower temperatures by reducing the ...read more

Change controls are procedures used to manage changes to a product or process.

• Change controls ensure that changes are properly evaluated, approved, and implemented

• They help to prevent errors, defects, and deviations from specifications

• Examples include changes to manufacturing processes, equipment, or materials

• Documentation and record-keeping are important aspects of change controls

Deviation refers to the difference between an expected or planned outcome and the actual outcome.

• It is a measure of how far a result is from the expected or average result.

• Deviation can be positive or negative depending on whether the actual result is higher or lower than expected.

• It is commonly used in statistics to measure the variability of a set of data.

• For example, if the average height of a group of people is 5'6", but one person is 6'2", their height has a positive dev...read more

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practice and cGMP stands for Current Good Manufacturing Practice.

• GMP is a set of guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.

• cGMP is an updated version of GMP that is currently in use.

• Both GMP and cGMP cover all aspects of the manufacturing process, including personnel, facilities, equipment, and documentation.

• Adherence to GMP and cGMP is mandatory for pharmaceutical companies to obtain regulatory approval for the...read more

Change controls are procedures used to manage changes to a product or process.

• Document change requests

• Evaluate impact of change

• Obtain approval from relevant parties

• Implement change

• Verify effectiveness of change

• Maintain records of change

• Types include: design, process, equipment, material, and supplier changes

There are various types of deviation that can occur in production processes.

• Material deviation - when the raw materials used in production are different from the specified ones

• Process deviation - when the production process deviates from the standard operating procedure

• Equipment deviation - when the equipment used in production is not functioning as intended

• Environmental deviation - when external factors such as temperature, humidity, or air quality affect the production proc...read more