Kromberg & Schubert Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is an abstract class?
Ans. 
An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods that must be implemented by its subclasses.
• Cannot be instantiated directly

• May contain abstract methods

• Used as a blueprint for other classes
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Q2. What is abstraction?
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Abstraction is the process of hiding complex details and showing only the essential features of an object or system.
• Abstraction allows us to focus on what an object does, rather than how it does it

• It helps in simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts

• Examples of abstraction include using a car without needing to understand its internal combustion engine, or using a smartphone
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Q3. Best sorting algo?time complexity of it?
Ans. 
QuickSort is one of the best sorting algorithms with an average time complexity of O(n log n).
• QuickSort is a divide and conquer algorithm that works by selecting a 'pivot' element and partitioning the array around the pivot.

• It has an average time complexity of O(n log n) and a worst-case time complexity of O(n^2).

• Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date', 'fig'] can be sorted using QuickSort.

• Example: ['3', '1', '4'...read more
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Q4. You have been provided a sorted list time complexity achieved after we apply bubble sorting
Ans. 
Bubble sorting has a time complexity of O(n^2) for a sorted list.
• Bubble sorting has a worst-case time complexity of O(n^2) for a sorted list.

• The time complexity does not change even if the list is already sorted.

• Example: If we have a sorted list of size n, bubble sorting will still take O(n^2) time.
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Q1. Have you ever been to a state other than jharkhand?
Ans. 
Yes, I have been to multiple states other than Jharkhand.
• I have traveled to states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu for work and leisure.

• I have visited tourist destinations in states like Rajasthan, Kerala, and Himachal Pradesh.

• I have family in states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, which I have visited multiple times.
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Q1. GDS Commands
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Q2. Airline Terminals and Airport Codes
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Sabre Commands to Check Availability

Blocking and Booking Tickets

Commands to Check Fare rules

Checking Availability

Infant and Child title

Q1. About Airport Terminals
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Q2. About Encode and Decode in GDS
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Q1. What is ETL, and can you explain it in a structured manner?
Ans. 
ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load. It is a process used to extract data from various sources, transform it into a consistent format, and load it into a target database or data warehouse.
• Extract: Involves extracting data from different sources such as databases, files, APIs, etc.

• Transform: Data is cleaned, validated, and transformed into a consistent format suitable for analysis.

• Load: The transformed data is loade...read more
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Q2. What is the correct structure of a DBMS diagram?
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The correct structure of a DBMS diagram includes entities, attributes, relationships, and keys.
• Entities represent the main objects in the database (e.g. Customer, Product).

• Attributes are characteristics of entities (e.g. CustomerID, ProductName).

• Relationships show how entities are related to each other (e.g. one-to-many, many-to-many).

• Keys uniquely identify each record in a table (e.g. Primary Key, Foreign Key).
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Q1. Strengths,weakness,why do we hire you, what are your hobbies
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Q1. What is QAP &ITP
Ans. 
QAP stands for Quality Assurance Plan and ITP stands for Inspection and Test Plan.
• QAP outlines the quality control procedures and processes to be followed during a project.

• ITP details the specific inspections and tests that will be conducted to ensure quality standards are met.

• Both documents are essential for ensuring quality and compliance in projects.
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Q2. How total station work
Ans. 
Total stations are electronic/optical instruments used in surveying and construction to measure angles and distances.
• Total stations combine a theodolite for measuring angles with a distance meter to calculate distances.

• They use a laser beam to measure distances to objects.

• Total stations are commonly used in construction, civil engineering, and land surveying.

• They provide accurate measurements for mapping, setting out b...read more
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Q3. Why soil compactionis done
Ans. 
Soil compaction is done to increase soil density, improve load-bearing capacity, reduce water infiltration, and enhance root growth.
• Increase soil density to improve stability and reduce settling

• Improve load-bearing capacity for construction projects

• Reduce water infiltration to prevent erosion and improve drainage

• Enhance root growth by providing a stable environment for plants

• Common methods include using heavy machinery
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Q4. Why HDPE liner used
Ans. 
HDPE liner is used for its durability, chemical resistance, and flexibility in various applications.
• HDPE liner is chosen for its high durability, able to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

• It is chemically resistant, making it ideal for use in containment systems for hazardous materials.

• HDPE liner is flexible, allowing it to conform to the shape of the surface it is being applied to.

• Common applications include la...read more
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Q5. How FDD test carried out
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FDD tests are carried out by following a structured approach to identify defects in software development.
• FDD tests involve creating test cases based on functional requirements

• Tests are executed to verify if the software functions as expected

• Defects found during testing are logged and prioritized for resolution

• Regression testing is performed to ensure that fixes do not introduce new issues
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Q1. What is dependency injection
Ans. 
Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.
• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing by providing a way to mock dependencies.

• There are three types of dependency injection - constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.
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Q1. Explain solid principles
Ans. 
SOLID principles are a set of five design principles that help make software more maintainable, flexible, and scalable.
• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - a class should have only one reason to change

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - classes should be open for extension but closed for modification

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without a...read more
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