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Dependency injection is a design pattern that allows objects to receive dependencies rather than creating them.

• It helps to decouple the code and makes it more testable and maintainable.

• It allows for easier swapping of dependencies without changing the code.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

• Example: Instead of creating a database connection ob...read more

Bean factory is used for creating and managing instances of beans in Spring framework.

• Bean factory is responsible for creating and managing instances of beans defined in the Spring configuration file.

• It provides a way to decouple the configuration and specification of dependencies from the actual application code.

• Bean factory supports different scopes of beans such as singleton, prototype, request, session, etc.

• It also...read more

Switch case is used for multiple conditions while if else is for binary conditions. Sorting can be done using various algorithms.

• Switch case is faster than if else for multiple conditions

• If else is more readable for binary conditions

• Sorting can be done using bubble sort, insertion sort, quick sort, etc.

• Example code for bubble sort: for(i=0;iarr[j+1]){swap(&arr[j],&arr[j+1]);}}}

Difference between compiler and interpreter with a coding challenge

• Compiler translates the entire code into machine language before execution while interpreter translates line by line during execution

• Compiler generates an executable file while interpreter does not

• Compiler is faster but debugging is harder while interpreter is slower but debugging is easier

• Coding challenge: Write a program to find the sum of two numbers

Python interpreter is a program that executes Python code.

• It reads Python code and converts it into machine-readable code

• It executes the code line by line

• It also provides a command-line interface for interactive programming

• Examples: CPython, Jython, IronPython

Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late 1980s.

• Guido van Rossum started working on Python in December 1989.

• Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability and ease of use.

• Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language.

• Python's popularity has been steadily increasing over the years.

• Python is open-source and has a large community of developers contributing to its development

PEP8 is a style guide for Python code.

• PEP8 provides guidelines for formatting, naming, and organizing Python code.

• It covers topics such as indentation, line length, variable naming, and function and class definitions.

• Adhering to PEP8 can improve code readability and maintainability.

• Tools such as Flake8 and PyLint can be used to check code against PEP8 standards.

Python has several built-in data types including integers, floats, strings, booleans, lists, tuples, and dictionaries.

• Integers are whole numbers without decimals

• Floats are numbers with decimals

• Strings are sequences of characters

• Booleans are either True or False

• Lists are ordered collections of items

• Tuples are ordered, immutable collections of items

• Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs

A class is a blueprint for creating objects that have similar properties and behaviors.

• A class is a user-defined data type that encapsulates data and functions.

• It provides a way to organize and structure code.

• Objects are instances of a class.

• Classes can inherit properties and behaviors from other classes.

• Example: A class 'Car' can have properties like 'color', 'model', and behaviors like 'start', 'stop'.

An object is an instance of a class that encapsulates data and behavior.

• Objects are created from classes

• They have attributes (data) and methods (behavior)

• Objects can interact with each other through method calls

• Examples include a car object with attributes like make, model, and color, and methods like start and stop

• Another example is a person object with attributes like name and age, and methods like walk and talk

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class is created by inheriting properties of an existing class.

• Inheritance allows code reuse and promotes code organization.

• The existing class is called the parent or superclass, and the new class is called the child or subclass.

• The child class inherits all the properties and methods of the parent class and can also add its own unique properties and ...read more

Multiple inheritance is the ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from multiple parent classes.

• It allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class.

• It can lead to the diamond problem where a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.

• Languages like C++ support multiple inheritance while others like Java do not.

• Example: A class can inherit properties from both a 'Vehicle' class...read more

Data abstraction is the process of hiding implementation details and showing only the necessary information to the user.

• Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces

• It helps in reducing complexity and increasing efficiency

• Example: A car dashboard shows only necessary information like speed, fuel level, etc. and hides the internal workings of the car

• Abstraction is one of the four fundamental concepts o