IT Shastra Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Rate yourself in js, node js, react, MongoDB (separately)
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Q2. Typeof null, typeof undefined, typeof {}, typeof NaN
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Q3. What changes came in es6
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ES6 introduced several new features and improvements to JavaScript, making it more powerful and efficient.
• Arrow functions for more concise syntax

• Let and const for block-scoped variables

• Classes for easier object-oriented programming

• Template literals for easier string interpolation

• Default parameters and rest parameters for function arguments

• Destructuring assignment for easier data extraction

• Promises for asynchronous prog
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Q4. This keyword, closures, hoisting
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Q5. Are let and cont variables hoisted?
Ans. 
Yes, let and const variables are hoisted but not initialized.
• let and const variables are hoisted to the top of their block scope, but they are not initialized until the actual line of code is executed.

• This means that you cannot access a let or const variable before it is declared in the code.

• For example, trying to access a let variable before it is declared will result in a ReferenceError.
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Q6. What is global context
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Global context refers to the overall environment or setting in which something exists or operates.
• Global context encompasses all variables, functions, and objects that are accessible throughout an entire program.

• It can be thought of as the 'big picture' view of a program's execution.

• In web development, global context includes the window object in JavaScript.
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Q7. What is temporal deadzone
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Temporal dead zone is a period during the variable creation process where accessing the variable results in a ReferenceError.
• Occurs when trying to access a variable before it has been declared with let or const

• Happens due to the variable being in the temporal dead zone until it is declared

• Example: accessing a variable before its declaration will result in a ReferenceError
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Q8. What is modules? types of modules in nodejs
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Modules in Node.js are reusable blocks of code that encapsulate related functionality.
• Modules in Node.js can be built-in modules like fs (file system) or third-party modules like express.

• Modules help in organizing code into separate files for better maintainability and reusability.

• Modules can be imported using the require() function in Node.js.
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Q9. Index in mongodb, why we need index, is index good or bad?
Ans. 
Indexes in MongoDB improve query performance by allowing the database to quickly locate and retrieve specific documents.
• Indexes help to speed up query performance by allowing the database to quickly locate specific documents based on the indexed fields.

• Without indexes, MongoDB would have to perform a collection scan, which can be slow and resource-intensive.

• Indexes can be created on single fields or compound fields to ...read more
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Q10. What are hooks , use of useRef
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Hooks are a feature in React that allow you to use state and other React features in functional components. useRef is a hook that allows you to create a mutable object that persists for the lifetime of the component.
• Hooks are used to add state and lifecycle methods to functional components in React

• useRef is used to create a mutable reference that persists between renders

• useRef can be used to access DOM elements directl
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Q11. Fs module, http module, worker thread?
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Q12. Why we use mongoose not mongodb driver?
Ans. 
Mongoose is an Object Data Modeling (ODM) library for MongoDB that provides a higher level of abstraction and simplifies interactions with the database.
• Mongoose provides schema validation which helps maintain data integrity.

• Mongoose simplifies querying and data manipulation with built-in functions.

• Mongoose supports middleware functions for pre and post processing of data operations.
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Q1. Diff btw vite and webpack
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Q2. What is currying in js
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Q1. What is currying in javascript?
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Q2. Diff btw webpack and vite
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The aptitude test was relatively straightforward, consisting of both aptitude and technical questions, with a difficulty level ranging from easy to medium.

Q1. Was asked to write a code on basic DSA concept
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Q2. Then was asked basic questions on DSA and SQL
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Q1. Tell me about projects you have worked upon
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Q2. PEP-8 standards
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Q1. Architecture of project on which you were working
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Q2. Pandas and Numpy
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Q1. Tell me your Current CTC
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Q2. Tell me your Expected CTC
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Q1. What is single page application
Ans. 
Single page application is a web application that loads a single HTML page and dynamically updates the content as the user interacts with the app.
• SPA uses AJAX and HTML5 to create fluid and responsive user experience.

• It eliminates the need for page reloading during use, making it faster and more efficient.

• Examples include Gmail, Facebook, and Google Maps.
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Q2. What is state management
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State management is the process of managing the state of an application, including data flow, user interface updates, and user interactions.
• State management involves storing and updating the state of an application to ensure data consistency.

• It helps in managing user interface updates based on changes in the application state.

• State management is crucial for handling user interactions and maintaining a seamless user exp...read more
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Q1. What is jdk, string related questions, basic java oops questions?
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The aptitude test was of moderate level.

It checked on the concepts of oops

Q1. How will you deal with tight delivery time.
Ans. 
I will prioritize tasks, communicate effectively with team members, and utilize time management techniques to meet deadlines.
• Prioritize tasks based on importance and urgency

• Break down tasks into smaller manageable chunks

• Communicate effectively with team members to coordinate efforts

• Utilize time management techniques such as Pomodoro technique or Agile methodologies

• Identify and eliminate any potential roadblocks or bott...read more
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Q1. What is the difference between classes and struct
Ans. 
Classes are reference types while structs are value types.
• Classes support inheritance while structs do not.

• Classes have default access modifier as internal while structs have it as private.

• Classes have a destructor while structs do not.

• Classes are allocated on heap while structs are allocated on stack.

• Classes can be null while structs cannot.
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Q2. Dispatch Queue vs operations
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Dispatch Queue is a thread-safe way to execute tasks asynchronously, while Operations are a way to encapsulate tasks.
• Dispatch Queue is a high-level API for managing concurrent operations.

• Operations are objects that encapsulate a single task or multiple tasks.

• Dispatch Queue is simpler to use and recommended for most use cases.

• Operations provide more control over task dependencies and cancellation.

• Both can be used togeth
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