40+ Cheran Group of Companies Interview Questions and Answers

Windows app dev is for desktops, web dev is for browsers.

• Windows app dev is for desktop operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux.

• Web dev is for browsers and can be accessed from any device with an internet connection.

• Windows app dev uses GUI frameworks like Windows Forms or WPF.

• Web dev uses web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Examples of Windows apps include Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop.

• Examples of web apps include Facebook and Google Maps.

I have experience working with various databases including SQL Server, Oracle, and MySQL.

• I have worked with SQL Server extensively and have experience in writing complex queries and stored procedures.

• I have also worked with Oracle and have experience in creating and managing tables, indexes, and views.

• I have used MySQL for smaller projects and have experience in designing and implementing databases.

• I am familiar with database design principles and normalization techniques.

• I h...read more

The components of .NET Framework include Common Language Runtime, Class Library, and ASP.NET.

• Common Language Runtime (CLR) - manages memory, security, and execution of code

• Class Library - provides a set of reusable classes and types for building applications

• ASP.NET - a web application framework for building dynamic web pages and web services

• Other components include ADO.NET, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), and Windows Workflow Fou...read more

Data table is a single table while dataset is a collection of tables.

• Data table is a single table that represents a single database table.

• Dataset is a collection of tables that can hold multiple tables from different databases.

• Data table can be used to store and manipulate data from a single table.

• Dataset can be used to store and manipulate data from multiple tables.

• Data table is a part of dataset.

• Dataset can hold multiple data tables.

Singleton architecture is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object.

• Singleton pattern ensures that only one instance of a class is created and provides a global point of access to it.

• Examples of Singleton pattern include database connections, logging classes, and configuration settings.

• Singleton pattern can be implemented using lazy initialization, eager initialization, or thread-safe initialization.

• Singleton pattern can also be implemented us...read more

Application pool is a group of one or more worker processes, IIS is a web server, hosting app in dev env involves setting up IIS, abstraction focuses on hiding implementation details, encapsulation bundles data and methods together, optimizing database involves indexing and query optimization, check for application crashes in event logs or monitoring tools.

• Application pool is a group of one or more worker processes that share the same configuration and application boundaries....read more

Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Characteristics include private constructor, static instance variable, static method to access instance, lazy initialization, and thread safety.

• Example: public class Singleton { private static Singleton instance; private Singleton() {} public static Singleton getInstance() { if (instance == null) { instance = new Singleton(); } return instance; }}

The function of an object is to store data and behavior related to a specific entity in a program.

• Objects store data in the form of properties

• Objects can have methods which define behavior

• Objects can be used to model real-world entities like cars, employees, etc.

• Objects can be instantiated from classes or created dynamically

Use LINQ to fetch data from the 'students' table in ascending order of 'studentid'.

• Use LINQ query syntax or method syntax to retrieve data from the 'students' table.

• Order the data by 'studentid' in ascending order using the 'OrderBy' or 'OrderByDescending' method.

• Ensure that the LINQ query is executed against the database to fetch the data.

I will follow a systematic approach to identify, troubleshoot, and resolve the error on production.

• First, identify the root cause of the error by checking logs and monitoring tools.

• Next, prioritize the issue based on its impact on users and business operations.

• Then, implement a temporary fix if possible to minimize downtime.

• Finally, deploy a permanent solution after thorough testing to prevent future occurrences.

Procedure is a set of instructions that performs a specific task, while function returns a value.

• Procedure does not return a value, while function does.

• Functions can be called from within SQL statements, while procedures cannot.

• Functions can be used in SELECT, WHERE, and HAVING clauses, while procedures cannot.

• Example: CREATE PROCEDURE myProcedure AS ... vs CREATE FUNCTION myFunction() RETURNS ...

• Example: EXECUTE myProcedure vs SELECT myFunction()

Union combines and removes duplicates, Union All combines without removing duplicates.

• Union removes duplicates from the result set, while Union All does not.

• Union is slower than Union All because it has to perform an additional step to remove duplicates.

• Union is used when you want to combine two result sets and remove duplicates, while Union All is used when you want to combine two result sets without removing duplicates.

Abstract class can have implementation details while interface only contains method signatures.

• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods with implementation details.

• Interface can only have method signatures, no implementation details.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Example: Abstract class 'Animal' with method 'eat()' and Interface 'Flyable' with method 'fly()'.

Aggregate functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value.

• Aggregate functions include functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, and MAX.

• They are commonly used in SQL queries to perform calculations on groups of rows.

• For example, you can use the SUM function to calculate the total sales amount for a group of products.

The main difference between .NET and .NET Core is that .NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source framework while .NET is a Windows-only framework.

• NET Core is cross-platform and can run on Windows, macOS, and Linux, while .NET is limited to Windows.

• .NET Core is open-source and has a more modular design compared to the monolithic .NET framework.

• .NET Core is optimized for microservices and containerized applications.

• Both .NET and .NET Core share a common set of APIs, but .NET C...read more

Interfaces are a way to define a contract between classes, specifying methods and properties that must be implemented.

• Interfaces allow for polymorphism and loose coupling

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces

• Interfaces can inherit from other interfaces

• Examples include IDisposable, IEnumerable, and IComparable

Use bulk insert or batch processing to send large amounts of data through the database.

• Use bulk insert operations provided by the database management system.

• Consider using batch processing techniques to optimize performance.

• Use stored procedures or parameterized queries for efficient data transfer.

Class and object programming example

• Classes are templates for objects

• Objects are instances of classes

• Classes define properties and methods

• Objects can access and modify properties and methods

• Example: Class - Car, Object - Honda Civic

readonly keyword is used in C# to declare that a field can only be assigned a value during initialization or in a constructor.

• readonly keyword can only be used on fields, not properties.

• The value of a readonly field can only be changed in the constructor of the class.

• Using readonly fields can help ensure that certain values remain constant throughout the lifetime of an object.

Boxing is the process of converting a value type to a reference type, while unboxing is the process of converting a reference type to a value type.

• Boxing is implicit, unboxing is explicit

• Boxing creates a new object on the heap, unboxing retrieves the value from the object

• Boxing is slower than unboxing

• Example: int num = 10; object obj = num; // Boxing, int num2 = (int)obj; // Unboxing

Clustered index physically orders the data in the table, while non-clustered index does not.

• Clustered index determines the physical order of data in the table, while non-clustered index does not.

• Clustered index is faster for retrieval of data, while non-clustered index is faster for retrieval of specific data.

• Clustered index can only have one per table, while non-clustered index can have multiple per table.

Exception handling in the application involves catching and handling errors to prevent application crashes.

• Use try-catch blocks to catch exceptions

• Handle specific exceptions separately

• Use finally block to clean up resources

• Throw custom exceptions when needed

Method is a block of code that performs a specific task and can be called by other parts of the program.

• Methods are used to break down complex programs into smaller, more manageable pieces.

• They can take input parameters and return values.

• Examples of methods in C# include Console.WriteLine() and Math.Max().

Extension methods allow adding new methods to existing types without modifying the original type

• Extension methods are static methods that can be called as if they were instance methods of the extended type

• They are defined in static classes and must be in the same namespace as the extended type

• They are commonly used to add functionality to existing types or interfaces without modifying them directly

Constructor chaining is the process of calling one constructor from another constructor within the same class.

• Allows for reusing code and avoiding duplication

• Can be achieved using 'this' keyword in the constructor

• Example: public MyClass(int x) : this(x, 0) {}

CTE stands for Common Table Expressions, which is a temporary result set that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.

• CTEs are defined using the WITH keyword in SQL.

• They help improve readability and maintainability of complex queries.

• CTEs can be recursive, allowing for hierarchical data querying.

• Example: WITH CTE AS (SELECT * FROM table_name) SELECT * FROM CTE;

• Example: WITH RECURSIVE CTE AS (SELECT * FROM table_name UNION ALL SELECT * FROM CTE) ...read more

Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming. There are four types of OOPs concepts: Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and functions into a single unit.

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms.

• Examples: Java, C#, Python, Ruby, etc.

OOPs concepts provide advantages like code reusability, modularity, and easier maintenance in real-time applications.

• Inheritance allows for code reusability by creating a new class from an existing class.

• Encapsulation helps in data hiding and protecting data from unauthorized access.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, enabling flexibility in code design.

• Abstraction simplifies complex systems by hiding unnecessary details and exposing ...read more

A constructor is a special method in a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is created.

• Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to.

• They are used to initialize the object's state.

• Constructors can be parameterized or default (no parameters).

• Example: public class Person { public Person(string name) { this.Name = name; } }

CLR stands for Common Language Runtime, it is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET framework.

• CLR is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs.

• It provides services such as memory management, exception handling, and security.

• CLR compiles the intermediate language code into native code using Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation.

• It allows different languages to be used within the .NET framework, as long as they are supported by the CLR.

• CLR also enforces type ...read more

Kestrel is a cross-platform web server while IIS is a Windows-only web server.

• Kestrel is a lightweight, open-source web server developed by Microsoft and optimized for ASP.NET Core applications.

• IIS (Internet Information Services) is a full-featured web server developed by Microsoft for Windows servers.

• Kestrel can be used as a standalone server or behind a reverse proxy like IIS or Nginx.

• IIS provides additional features like request routing, load balancing, and security settin...read more

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, properties, and methods, while interface can only have method signatures.

• A class can inherit from only one abstract class, but can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract classes are used when a class needs to provide a default implementation for some methods, while interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to i...read more

OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• OOPs focuses on creating reusable code and organizing it into classes and objects.

• Key concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation involves bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism allows...read more

Routing is the process of selecting a path for network traffic to travel from source to destination.

• Routing determines the best path for data packets to travel on a network

• It involves making decisions based on routing algorithms and network protocols

• Examples include IP routing in the internet and routing tables in routers

OOPs concepts are fundamental principles of object-oriented programming like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Encapsulation: Bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a software architectural pattern for implementing user interfaces.

• MVC separates an application into three main components: Model (data), View (UI), and Controller (logic)

• Model represents the data and business logic of the application

• View is responsible for displaying the data to the user

• Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly

• MVC promotes code reusability, modularity, and easier maintenance

• Popular frameworks like ...read more

SharePoint is a web-based collaborative platform that integrates with Microsoft Office.

• SharePoint allows for document management, collaboration, and workflow automation.

• It provides features like document libraries, lists, and web parts.

• Users can create intranet sites, extranet sites, and websites using SharePoint.

• SharePoint integrates with Microsoft Office applications like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.

• It offers version control, access control, and search capabilities for cont...read more

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in the database, while functions are reusable code blocks that return a value.

• Stored procedures are used for performing specific tasks or operations in the database.

• Functions are used to encapsulate logic and can be called from SQL queries or other functions.

• Stored procedures can return multiple result sets, while functions return a single value.

• Stored procedures can have input and output parameters, while functions can onl...read more

Procedures are used to perform an action, while functions return a value.

• Procedures do not return a value, functions do.

• Procedures can have input and output parameters, functions only have input parameters.

• Functions can be called from within SQL queries, procedures cannot.

MVC architecture is a software design pattern that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller.

• Model represents the data and business logic of the application

• View is responsible for displaying the data to the user

• Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly

• MVC helps in achieving separation of concerns, making the code more organized and maintainable

Use SQL query with GROUP BY and HAVING clause to delete duplicate records.

• Use GROUP BY clause to group records with same values.

• Use HAVING clause to filter out groups with count greater than 1.

• Delete duplicate records based on the grouped criteria.

Oops concepts in C# include inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object and only exposes necessary functionality.

• Abstraction allows classes to define abstract methods that must be implemented by subclasses.