Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Q1. It was all general questions
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Q2. A few SQL related questions
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Q1. What is OOPS concepts.
Ans. 
OOPS concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation detail
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Q2. What is PDO and uses in PHP.
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PDO stands for PHP Data Objects, a database access layer providing a uniform method of access to multiple databases.
• PDO is a PHP extension that provides a data-access abstraction layer.

• It supports multiple database systems like MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc.

• PDO helps prevent SQL injection attacks by using prepared statements.

• It allows for error handling and supports transactions.

• Example: $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=loc...read more
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Q1. How was my overall experience during 3 year articleship?
Ans. It was basically related to internal audit of power industry based company.
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Q2. Do I have prepared the accounts of company?
Ans. Yes, to some extent i have also prepared the accounts of clients of our firm.
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Q1. Why i am choosing this company?
Ans. As it is a startup company I expect to learn new things from here as compared to other well established and system oriented organisation and also help the company to grow in near future.
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Q1. Why I am choosing this company when i have a offer letter from other company having package higher than this ?
Ans. The profile of mine in this company is such that at beginning of my career I want to start as same.
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Q1. Previous experiences
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Q2. Future goals and ambition
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Q1. Sales related questions
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Q2. Sales improvement strategy
Ans. 
Implementing a structured sales training program and setting clear sales targets.
• Develop a comprehensive sales training program to improve product knowledge and sales techniques.

• Set specific and achievable sales targets for each sales executive to motivate and track performance.

• Regularly review and provide feedback on sales performance to identify areas for improvement.

• Implement a CRM system to track leads, opportuniti...read more
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Basic coding and MySQL queries. Like Types of join, having and where difference etc.

Q1. Salary Discussion.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Q1. 
Path Queries Problem Statement
Consider a weighted, undirected graph with 'V' vertices numbered from 1 to 'V' and 'E' bidirectional edges. You are tasked with handling 'Q' queries. For each query, you are...read more
Ans. 
Implement a function to find the shortest distance between two vertices in a weighted, undirected graph.
• Use Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path between the given vertices.

• Create a graph data structure to represent the weighted, undirected graph.

• Handle cases where no path exists between the given vertices by returning -1.

• Optimize the algorithm to handle multiple queries efficiently.

• Consider edge cases such as...read more
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Q2. 
Merge Sort Algorithm Problem Statement
Your task is to sort a sequence of numbers stored in the array ‘ARR’ in non-descending order using the Merge Sort algorithm.
Explanation:
Merge Sort is a divide-an...read more
Ans. 
Implement Merge Sort algorithm to sort a sequence of numbers in non-descending order.
• Divide the input array into two halves recursively

• Sort the two halves separately

• Merge the sorted halves to produce a fully sorted array

• Time complexity of Merge Sort is O(n log n)

• Example: Input - [5, 2, 9, 1, 5], Output - [1, 2, 5, 5, 9]
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Q3. 
Rat in a Maze: All Paths Problem
You are provided with an N * N maze where a rat is positioned at starting cell MAZE[0][0]. The goal is to determine and print all possible paths that the rat can take to r...read more
Ans. 
Given an N * N maze with binary values, find and print all possible paths for a rat to reach the destination cell.
• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths from the starting cell to the destination cell.

• At each cell, check if it is a valid move (within bounds and not blocked), then recursively explore all four directions.

• Keep track of the path taken so far and mark the cells accordingly.

• Once the destination cell i...read more
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Q1. Question doesn't matter
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Q2. Question doesn't really care
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Q1. Why should we hire you
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