Hitachi Energy Financial Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Common financial ratios include profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, and efficiency ratios.

• Profitability ratios: Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), gross margin ratio

• Liquidity ratios: Current ratio, quick ratio

• Leverage ratios: Debt to equity ratio, interest coverage ratio

• Efficiency ratios: Inventory turnover ratio, accounts receivable turnover ratio

Effective tax rate is the percentage of income that an individual or company pays in taxes after accounting for deductions and credits.

• Effective tax rate takes into account all taxes paid, including federal, state, and local taxes.

• It is calculated by dividing total tax expense by taxable income.

• For example, if a company has a total tax expense of $10,000 and taxable income of $100,000, the effective tax rate would be 1

Accrual expenses are costs that have been incurred but not yet paid for or recorded in the financial statements.

• Accrual expenses are recognized when they are incurred, not when they are paid.

• They are recorded as liabilities on the balance sheet until they are paid.

• Examples include accrued salaries, interest, and taxes.

• Accrual expenses help provide a more accurate representation of a company's financial position.