HF Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Data structure related question

Q1. Quesitions related to data structure, cloud
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Q2. Find the second highest integer
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To find the second highest integer in an array, sort the array in descending order and return the second element.
• Sort the array in descending order

• Return the second element in the sorted array

• Handle edge cases like duplicates or small arrays
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Q3. Question related to two sum
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Q4. Some sliding window problems
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Q1. General Behavioral Questions
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Q1. What is polymorphism?
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Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.
• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding).

• Example: Inheritance allows a child class to override a method from its parent class, exhibiting polymorphic b
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Q2. How abstraction is implemented?
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Abstraction is implemented in software engineering by hiding unnecessary details and exposing only relevant information.
• Abstraction is achieved through the use of abstract classes and interfaces in object-oriented programming.

• It allows developers to focus on the essential aspects of a concept without getting bogged down in implementation details.

• For example, in a car simulation program, the Car class may have abstract ...read more
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Q3. What is the difference between abstraction and Interface?
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Abstraction is hiding the implementation details while Interface is a contract that defines the methods that a class must implement.
• Abstraction focuses on hiding the internal implementation details of a class, allowing the user to only see the necessary details.

• Interface defines a contract that specifies the methods a class must implement, without providing the implementation details.

• Abstraction can be achieved through...read more
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Q1. What is your motivation when you are working on same project alone for long period?
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My motivation when working on a project alone for a long period is the satisfaction of seeing my hard work come to fruition.
• Setting small achievable goals to keep myself motivated

• Taking breaks to avoid burnout and maintain productivity

• Seeking feedback from others to stay motivated and improve my work

• Reminding myself of the end goal and the impact my project will have
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Q1. What is your salary expectation?
Ans. 
My salary expectation is based on my experience, skills, and the market rate for Software Engineers in this region.
• Research the average salary range for Software Engineers in the specific region or industry

• Consider your level of experience, skills, and qualifications when determining your salary expectation

• Be prepared to negotiate based on the company's offer and benefits package
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Q1. How to create custom serializable interface
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To create a custom serializable interface, you need to define an interface with the Serializable marker interface and implement the necessary methods.
• Define an interface with the Serializable marker interface

• Implement the necessary methods for serialization and deserialization

• Ensure all fields in the class implementing the interface are serializable
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Q2. Whatis criteria in hibernate
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Criteria in Hibernate is used to create and execute dynamic queries.
• Criteria is an interface in Hibernate that allows the creation of dynamic queries without using HQL or SQL.

• Criteria queries are type-safe and can be easily modified at runtime.

• Criteria queries can be used to fetch entities based on certain conditions or restrictions.

• Example: Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
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Basic MCQs on General aptitude, logical reasoning and programming questions

Q1. What is a constructor in C++?
Ans. 
A constructor in C++ is a special member function that is automatically called when an object is created.
• Constructors have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.

• They can be used to initialize the object's data members.

• Default constructors are automatically generated if no constructor is defined.

• Parameterized constructors can be defined to accept arguments during object creation.
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Q2. What is copy assignment operator?
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Copy assignment operator is a special member function in C++ that allows one object to be assigned the values of another object of the same class.
• Copy assignment operator is denoted by the = operator.

• It is used to copy the values of one object into another object of the same class.

• It is automatically generated by the compiler if not explicitly defined.

• Example: MyClass obj1; MyClass obj2; obj2 = obj1; // Copy assignment
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Q3. What is virtualization in C++?
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Virtualization in C++ is the process of creating a virtual version of a class or function to allow for polymorphism and dynamic binding.
• Virtualization in C++ is achieved through the use of virtual functions and inheritance.

• Virtual functions are declared in a base class and overridden in derived classes to provide different implementations.

• Virtualization allows for polymorphism, where a pointer to a base class can point...read more
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Q4. Implement String class
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Implement a custom String class in a programming language.
• Define a class with necessary properties and methods to manipulate strings.

• Include methods for concatenation, substring, length, etc.

• Handle memory allocation and deallocation properly.

• Example: class MyString { // implementation }
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Q5. What is smart pointers?
Ans. 
Smart pointers are objects that act like pointers but provide automatic memory management.
• Smart pointers help prevent memory leaks by automatically deallocating memory when no longer needed.

• Examples include unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr in C++.

• They provide better memory safety compared to raw pointers.
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I was on data structures on python , c++, sql and java

Q1. Sql based questions
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Q2. Java based DS and devops
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Q3. C++ data structures
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Q4. Machine learning and Data structures
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Case study of real life

Q1. Course schedule 1 in leetcode
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Q2. Snakes and ladder in leetcode
Ans. 
Implement the game of Snakes and Ladders on LeetCode.
• Use a 1D array to represent the board of the game.

• Use a queue to perform BFS to find the shortest path to reach the end.

• Handle the special cases of snakes and ladders by updating the position accordingly.
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