HEPL - A Cavinkare Group Company Java Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

HR told about the company on the first day, how it works, told the rules, showed the management and a lot

Round duration - 120 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Find All Pairs Adding Up to Target
Given an array of integers ARR of length N and an integer Target, your task is to return all pairs of elements such that they add up to the Target.
Input:
The first line ...read more
Ans. 
Given an array of integers and a target, find all pairs of elements that add up to the target.
• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the target minus the element exists in a hash set.

• If it exists, add the pair to the result. If not, add the element to the hash set.

• Handle cases where the same element is used twice in a pair.

• Return (-1, -1) if no pair is found.
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Q2. 
Clone a Linked List with Random Pointers
Given a linked list where each node contains two pointers: one pointing to the next node and another random pointer that can point to any node within the list (or ...read more
Ans. 
Create a deep copy of a linked list with random pointers.
• Iterate through the original linked list and create a new node for each node in the list.

• Store the mapping of original nodes to new nodes in a hashmap to handle random pointers.

• Update the random pointers of new nodes based on the mapping stored in the hashmap.

• Return the head of the copied linked list.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Unique Element in Array
Given an arbitrary array arr consisting of N non-negative integers where every element appears thrice except for one. Your task is to find the element in the array that appears onl...read more
Ans. 
Find the element that appears only once in an array where every other element appears thrice.
• Use bitwise operations like XOR to find the unique element in linear time complexity.

• XOR all elements in the array, the result will be the unique element.

• Elements that appear thrice will cancel out each other in XOR operation.

• Example: arr = [2, 2, 3, 2], XOR of all elements = 3 which is the unique element.
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Q2. 
Next Greater Element Problem Statement
You are provided with an array or list ARR containing N positive integers. Your task is to determine the Next Greater Element (NGE) for each element in the array.
T...read more
Ans. 
Find the Next Greater Element for each element in an array.
• Iterate through the array from right to left

• Use a stack to keep track of elements with no greater element to the right

• Pop elements from the stack until a greater element is found or stack is empty
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Convert BST to Greater Sum Tree
Given a Binary Search Tree (BST) of integers, your task is to convert it into a greater sum tree. In the greater sum tree, each node's value should be replaced with the sum...read more
Ans. 
Convert a Binary Search Tree into a Greater Sum Tree by replacing each node's value with the sum of all nodes' values greater than the current node's value.
• Traverse the BST in reverse inorder (right, root, left) to visit nodes in descending order.

• Keep track of the running sum of visited nodes' values and update each node's value with this sum.

• Recursively apply the above steps to all nodes in the BST.

• Example: For input ...read more
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Q2. 
Sort Linked List Problem Statement
You are given a linked list of N nodes where each node contains values 0, 1, and 2 exclusively. Your task is to sort the linked list.
Input:
The first line contains an...read more
Ans. 
Sort a linked list containing values 0, 1, and 2 exclusively.
• Use three pointers to keep track of nodes with values 0, 1, and 2 separately.

• Traverse the linked list and move nodes to their respective positions based on their values.

• Finally, concatenate the three lists in the order 0 -> 1 -> 2 to get the sorted linked list.
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Number of Islands Problem Statement
You are provided with a 2-dimensional matrix having N rows and M columns, containing only 1s (land) and 0s (water). Your goal is to determine the number of islands in t...read more
Ans. 
Count the number of islands in a 2D matrix of 1s and 0s.
• Use Depth First Search (DFS) or Breadth First Search (BFS) to traverse the matrix and identify connected groups of 1s.

• Maintain a visited array to keep track of visited cells to avoid redundant traversal.

• Increment the island count each time a new island is encountered.

• Consider edge cases like when the matrix is empty or when all cells are water (0s).
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Q2. 
Maximum Path Sum in a Matrix
Given an N*M matrix filled with integer numbers, determine the maximum sum that can be obtained from a path starting from any cell in the first row to any cell in the last row...read more
Ans. 
Find the maximum sum that can be obtained from a path in a matrix from the first row to the last row.
• Use dynamic programming to keep track of the maximum sum at each cell.

• Consider moving down, down-left, and down-right to calculate the maximum sum.

• Start from the second row and update the values based on the maximum sum from the row above.

• At the end, find the maximum sum in the last row to get the final result.
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was held during university hours and consisted of 2 coding questions.

Round duration - 120 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Make sure you do no cutting and are clear about the approach you'd be following. 
 

Q1. What is the running median of an input stream?
Ans. 
Running median of an input stream is the median value of the numbers seen so far in a continuous stream of data.
• Maintain two heaps - a max heap for the lower half of the numbers and a min heap for the upper half.

• Keep the number of elements in the two heaps balanced or differ by at most 1.

• If the total number of elements is odd, the median is the root of the max heap. If even, it is the average of the roots of the two he...read more
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Round duration - 90 Miinutes
Round difficulty - Medium

First round had MCQ + 2 coding questions. It was held in morning around 11 am. It was held on campus.

Q1. 
Robot Delivery Path Problem
You are tasked with directing a robot from the top-left corner of an N*N matrix to a specified point (x, y), delivering a parcel. The robot is restricted to move only on flat a...read more
Ans. 
Determine if a robot can reach a specified destination in a matrix by moving only downwards or rightwards.
• Start at (0,0) and move towards the destination (x, y) only downwards or rightwards.

• Check if the path is clear (1) and avoid obstacles (0) while staying within matrix boundaries.

• Return true if the robot can reach the destination, false otherwise.

• Example: For input matrix [[1, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 5]] with desti...read more
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Q2. 
Unique Element in Array
Given an arbitrary array arr consisting of N non-negative integers where every element appears thrice except for one. Your task is to find the element in the array that appears onl...read more
Ans. 
Find the unique element in an array where every element appears thrice except for one.
• Use XOR operation to find the unique element.

• Iterate through the array and XOR each element to find the unique element.

• The XOR operation cancels out elements that appear thrice, leaving only the unique element.

• Example: arr = [2, 2, 3, 2], XOR of all elements = 3.

• Example: arr = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 99], XOR of all elements = 99.
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Round duration - 90 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Second Round was held in morning around 10-11 am. There was one interviewer working on his laptop. Interviewer was really helpful and first offered me water and then for a bit talked about himself.

Q1. 
BST Iterator Problem Statement
You are tasked with implementing a class BSTIterator, which is designed to traverse a Binary Search Tree (BST) in the inorder manner. The class must support the following op...read more
Ans. 
Implement a BSTIterator class to traverse a Binary Search Tree in inorder manner.
• Implement a constructor to initialize the iterator with the root of the BST.

• Implement next() and hasNext() methods to traverse the BST in inorder.

• Implement prev() and hasPrev() methods to access the previous element in the inorder traversal.

• Use level-order traversal format to represent the tree input.

• Output the inorder traversal of the bin...read more
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Q2. 
Distance Between Two Nodes in a Binary Tree
Given a binary tree and the values of two distinct nodes, determine the distance between these two nodes in the tree. The distance is defined as the minimum num...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the distance between two nodes in a binary tree.
• Traverse the tree to find the paths from the root to each node

• Find the lowest common ancestor of the two nodes

• Calculate the distance by adding the distances from the LCA to each node
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Q1. Questions relating to AS
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Q1. AS questions were asked
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Q1. General discussion only
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Round duration - 90 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

2 coding questions and 20 mcq
 

Q1. 
Rotting Oranges Problem Statement
You are given a grid containing oranges where each cell of the grid can contain one of the three integer values:
• 0 - representing an empty cell
• 1 - representing a fre...read more
Ans. 
Find the minimum time required to rot all fresh oranges in a grid.
• Use Breadth First Search (BFS) to simulate the rotting process.

• Track the time taken to rot all oranges and return -1 if any fresh oranges remain.

• Handle edge cases like no fresh oranges or all oranges already rotten.

• Consider using a queue to efficiently process adjacent oranges.

• Ensure to update the grid with the new state of oranges after each second.
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Q2. 
Calculate Sum of Proper Divisors
Given a natural number N, return the sum of all its proper divisors.
A proper divisor of Y is defined as a number X such that X < Y and Y % X = 0.
Example:
Input:
T...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the sum of proper divisors of a given natural number.
• Iterate from 1 to sqrt(N) and check for divisors

• If a divisor is found, add it to the sum and also add N/divisor if it is not the same as divisor

• Return the sum as the result
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Round duration - 45 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical interview

Q1. 
Rearrange Array to Form Largest Number
Given an array ARR consisting of non-negative integers, rearrange the numbers to form the largest possible number. The digits within each number cannot be changed.
...read more
Ans. 
Rearrange the array elements to form the largest possible number by concatenating them.
• Sort the array elements in a custom comparator function to get the largest number.

• Convert the sorted array elements to strings and concatenate them to form the final number.

• Handle cases where the numbers have the same prefix by comparing the concatenated forms.
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