100+ Prashant Pradhan Architects Interview Questions and Answers

Removing repeated words from a string without using predefined methods.

• Split the string into an array of words

• Create an empty array to store unique words

• Loop through the array of words and check if the word is already in the unique words array

• If the word is not in the unique words array, add it

• Join the unique words array back into a string

To navigate to other tab in Selenium, switch to the desired window handle. To work on different frame, switch to the frame using its name or index.

• To navigate to other tab, use driver.switchTo().window() method

• To work on different frame, use driver.switchTo().frame() method

• To switch back to default content, use driver.switchTo().defaultContent() method

• To switch to frame using name or id, use driver.switchTo().frame("frameName") or driver.switchTo().frame("frameId")

• To switch t...read more

Answers to common interview questions for Automation Test Engineer position.

• Const is used for constant values that cannot be reassigned, var is used for variable declaration, and char is a data type for storing characters in programming languages.

• OOPs concepts include inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction. Example: Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• JavaScript is an asynchronous language, meaning it can execute ...read more

Flask is lightweight and good for small projects, while Django is more robust and suitable for larger projects.

• Flask is good for small projects with simple requirements

• Django is more suitable for larger projects with complex requirements

• Flask is lightweight and flexible, allowing for more customization

• Django has a lot of built-in features and is more opinionated

• Flask is better for RESTful APIs and microservices

• Django is better for full-stack web applications

• Examples of Flask ...read more

Scrolling in mobile can be done using swipe or touch actions.

• Use swipe or touch actions to scroll in mobile automation

• For swipe action, use swipe method with start and end coordinates

• For touch action, use press and move methods with start and end coordinates

• Example: driver.swipe(startX, startY, endX, endY, duration)

• Example: TouchAction(driver).press(startX, startY).moveTo(endX, endY).release().perform()

Key aspects of product discovery involve understanding user needs, market research, prototyping, and testing.

• Conduct user research to understand the needs and preferences of social media app users.

• Analyze market trends and competitor offerings to identify gaps and opportunities.

• Create prototypes to visualize the app's features and gather feedback from stakeholders.

• Test the prototypes with target users to validate assumptions and iterate on the design.

• Iterate based on feedback...read more

I would assess the impact of the change, communicate with the team and stakeholders, and update the project plan accordingly.

• Listen to the customer's request and clarify the changes

• Assess the impact of the change on the project timeline, budget, and resources

• Communicate the changes to the project team and stakeholders

• Update the project plan and document the changes

• Ensure that the changes align with the project goals and objectives

To take a screenshot in Selenium, use the getScreenshotAs() method.

• Create an object of the TakesScreenshot interface

• Use the getScreenshotAs() method to capture the screenshot

• Save the screenshot to a desired location using the File class

To create a go-to-market strategy for an app in Dubai, analyze the local market, competition, cultural differences, and adjust marketing tactics accordingly.

• Conduct market research in Dubai to understand the target audience, competition, and market trends.

• Adapt the app to cater to the preferences and needs of the Dubai market.

• Localize the app content, language, and features to resonate with the Dubai audience.

• Identify key marketing channels in Dubai such as social media platf...read more

Good user stories have clear goals, are specific, and focus on the user's needs.

• Clearly define the user and their goal

• Be specific and avoid ambiguity

• Focus on the user's needs and motivations

• Use simple language and avoid technical jargon

• Include acceptance criteria to define success

• Keep the story small and manageable

Selenium WebDriver is a tool used for automating web application testing. It provides a programming interface to interact with web elements.

• Selenium WebDriver is an open-source tool used for automating web application testing

• It provides a programming interface to interact with web elements

• It supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, etc.

• It can automate testing on various browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.

• It can interact with different types...read more

Query to find 4th highest salary

• Use the 'ROW_NUMBER' function to assign a rank to each salary

• Order the salaries in descending order

• Select the salary with rank 4

Print a pyramid using an array of strings as output.

• Use nested loops to print each row of the pyramid.

• Calculate the number of spaces and asterisks needed for each row.

• Start with a single asterisk and increase by two for each row.

I would listen to both parties, understand their concerns, and try to find a mutually beneficial solution.

• Listen actively to both parties and understand their perspectives

• Identify common ground and areas of compromise

• Propose a solution that addresses the concerns of both parties

• Communicate the proposed solution clearly and ensure buy-in from both parties

I have implemented a microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility.

• Implemented microservices architecture using Docker and Kubernetes

• Used API Gateway for routing and load balancing

• Implemented service discovery using Consul

• Implemented circuit breaker pattern using Hystrix

• Implemented centralized logging using ELK stack

• Implemented distributed tracing using Zipkin

• Implemented event-driven architecture using Kafka

• Chose microservices architecture for scalability, flexib...read more

I have used various project management tools such as JIRA, Trello, Asana, and Microsoft Project.

• JIRA for agile project management and issue tracking

• Trello for visual project management and collaboration

• Asana for task management and team communication

• Microsoft Project for project planning and scheduling

I have used various diagrams such as use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, and flowcharts to explain requirements.

• Use case diagrams to show the interactions between actors and the system

• Activity diagrams to show the flow of activities within a process

• Sequence diagrams to show the interactions between objects in a system

• Flowcharts to show the flow of steps in a process

• ER diagrams to show the relationships between entities in a database

• Class diagrams to show ...read more

Definition of Done is a shared understanding of what constitutes a completed work item. Acceptance Criteria are the conditions that must be met for a work item to be accepted.

• Definition of Done is agreed upon by the team and outlines the quality standards that must be met for a work item to be considered complete

• Acceptance Criteria are specific and measurable conditions that must be met for a work item to be accepted by the product owner or customer

• Definition of Done and Acce...read more

I approach product discovery by conducting market research, gathering user feedback, analyzing data, and collaborating with cross-functional teams.

• Conduct market research to understand industry trends and competitors

• Gather user feedback through surveys, interviews, and usability testing

• Analyze data from user interactions, A/B testing, and product metrics

• Collaborate with cross-functional teams including designers, developers, and stakeholders

• Iterate on product ideas based on f...read more

Deep Copy creates a new object with a new memory address while Shallow Copy creates a new reference to the same memory address.

• Deep Copy duplicates the object and its properties while Shallow Copy only duplicates the object reference.

• Object Prototyping is a way to create new objects based on existing objects.

• Prototyping allows for inheritance and the ability to add or override properties and methods.

IAAS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, while PAAS provides a platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications.

• IAAS offers virtualized infrastructure like virtual machines, storage, and networking, while PAAS offers a platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications.

• IAAS allows users to manage and control the infrastructure, while PAAS abstracts the underlying infrastructure and focuses on application development.

• Exam...read more

Manual entry data can be streamlined through automation, validation checks, standardization, and user training.

• Implement automation tools to reduce manual data entry tasks

• Use validation checks to ensure data accuracy and completeness

• Standardize data entry formats and fields to improve consistency

• Provide user training on efficient data entry practices

STO configuration involves setting up the necessary settings for stock transfer orders in SAP SD.

• Define shipping point determination

• Configure delivery types for STO

• Set up intercompany billing

• Define pricing procedures for STO

• Configure output determination for STO

Alt calculation and base calculation are terms used in SAP SD testing to determine alternative and base values for pricing calculations.

• Alt calculation refers to the calculation of alternative values for pricing in SAP SD.

• Base calculation refers to the calculation of base values for pricing in SAP SD.

• Alt calculation is used when there are alternative pricing conditions available for a product or service.

• Base calculation is used when there is a standard pricing condition for a...read more

Implemented the Observer design pattern.

• Used to maintain consistency between related objects

• Allows for one-to-many relationships between objects

• Used in event-driven systems

• Example: Used to update UI when data changes in backend

I have worked on various ERP modules including finance, HR, inventory, and procurement.

• Finance module for managing financial transactions and generating reports

• HR module for managing employee data, payroll, and benefits

• Inventory module for tracking stock levels and managing orders

• Procurement module for managing purchase orders and vendor relationships

Limitation of liability clause is included to cap the maximum amount of damages that can be claimed.

• Limitation of liability clause is a common provision in contracts that caps the maximum amount of damages that can be claimed.

• It is included to limit the potential liability of the party in case of breach of contract or other legal claims.

• The damage provision, on the other hand, specifies the types of damages that can be claimed and the circumstances under which they can be cla...read more

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class. Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Inheritance allows for code reusability by defining a new class based on an existing class.

• Polymorphism enables flexibility in programming by allowing objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Example of inheritance: Class B inheriting from C...read more

Abstract classes are partially implemented classes that can have both abstract and non-abstract members. Interfaces are fully abstract classes that define a contract for implementing classes.

• Abstract classes can have constructors, fields, and non-abstract methods, while interfaces cannot.

• A class can inherit from only one abstract class, but it can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract classes can provide default implementations for some methods, while interfaces cannot.

• Inter...read more

Python has several built-in datatypes including int, float, bool, str, list, tuple, set, and dict.

• int - represents integers

• float - represents floating-point numbers

• bool - represents boolean values True and False

• str - represents strings

• list - represents ordered sequences of values

• tuple - represents ordered, immutable sequences of values

• set - represents unordered collections of unique values

• dict - represents unordered collections of key-value pairs

Flask is a micro web framework while Django is a full-stack web framework.

• Flask is lightweight and flexible, allowing developers to choose their own libraries and tools.

• Django is a batteries-included framework with built-in ORM, admin interface, and authentication system.

• Flask is ideal for small to medium-sized projects, while Django is better suited for larger, more complex projects.

• Flask has a smaller learning curve and is easier to get started with, while Django has a stee...read more

Difference between IEnumerable and IQueryable

• IEnumerable is used for in-memory collections while IQueryable is used for querying data from a database

• IEnumerable executes the query on the client-side while IQueryable executes the query on the server-side

• IQueryable supports deferred execution while IEnumerable does not

range and xrange are used to generate a sequence of numbers in Python.

• range returns a list of numbers while xrange returns an iterator object.

• range is memory-intensive while xrange is memory-efficient.

• range is used in Python 3 while xrange is used in Python 2.

• range can take three arguments: start, stop, and step while xrange can take two arguments: start and stop.

Projects can be prioritised based on strategic alignment, resource availability, ROI, and stakeholder impact.

• Consider strategic alignment with organizational goals and objectives

• Assess resource availability including budget, time, and expertise

• Evaluate potential ROI and benefits of each project

• Take into account stakeholder impact and urgency of the project

• Use prioritization frameworks like MoSCoW method or Value vs. Complexity matrix

The 16 fields of pricing procedure in SAP SD are...

• Condition type

• Access sequence

• Condition table

• Condition record

• Condition class

• Calculation type

• Scale basis

• Scale type

• Scale

• Condition category

• Condition control

• Condition base value

• Condition rate

• Condition value

• Condition currency

• Condition unit

I improved stored procedure performance by optimizing queries and indexes.

• Identified and removed unnecessary joins and subqueries

• Used appropriate indexing to speed up query execution

• Reduced the number of round trips to the database by using batch processing

• Rewrote complex queries to simpler ones

• Used stored procedure parameters instead of variables to avoid recompilation

• Used SET NOCOUNT ON to reduce network traffic

• Used TRY-CATCH blocks to handle errors efficiently

API testing is testing the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of APIs. It is done to ensure that the API meets its requirements.

• API testing involves testing the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of APIs.

• It is done to ensure that the API meets its requirements and functions as expected.

• API testing can be done manually or using automated tools.

• Examples of API testing tools include Postman, SoapUI, and JMeter.

• SOAP (Simple Object Access Prot...read more

Type coercion is the process of converting one data type to another in programming.

• Type coercion can happen implicitly or explicitly in programming languages.

• Implicit type coercion occurs when the language automatically converts data types during operations.

• Explicit type coercion occurs when the programmer manually converts data types using functions or operators.

• Example: In JavaScript, the addition operator (+) can perform implicit type coercion by converting a number to a s...read more

Answers to common interview questions for Reactjs Developer position.

• 1. Life cycle methods in React include componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, componentWillUnmount, etc.

• 2. 'var' has function scope, 'let' has block scope, 'const' is a constant variable.

• 3. Code to count duplicate characters in a string: const countDuplicates = (str) => { const count = {}; str.split('').forEach(char => { count[char] = count[char] ? count[char] + 1 : 1; }); return count; }

Generators are functions that can be paused and resumed, allowing for lazy evaluation of data.

• Generators use the yield keyword to pause execution and return a value.

• They can be used to generate an infinite sequence of values.

• Generators are memory efficient as they only generate values when needed.

• They are commonly used in data processing and asynchronous programming.

Item category determination is the process of assigning a specific item category to a sales document item based on predefined rules and conditions.

• Item category determination is a crucial step in the sales and distribution (SD) module of SAP.

• It helps in determining the behavior and characteristics of an item in a sales document.

• The determination is based on various factors such as material type, item category group, sales document type, etc.

• Item categories define how an item ...read more

My expected CTC is based on industry standards, my experience, and the responsibilities of the role.

• Expected CTC is based on market research and industry standards for DevOps Engineers.

• Consideration of my experience, skills, and qualifications in determining the expected CTC.

• The responsibilities and scope of the role will also influence my expected CTC.

• Open to negotiation based on additional benefits or opportunities offered by the company.

Velocity is a metric used in Agile project management to measure the amount of work completed in a sprint.

• Velocity is measured by calculating the total number of story points completed in a sprint.

• It helps the team to estimate how much work they can complete in future sprints.

• Velocity is not a measure of productivity, but rather a measure of predictability.

• It is important to track velocity over time to identify trends and adjust the team's capacity accordingly.

Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or classes without changing their source code.

• Decorators are denoted by the @ symbol in Python.

• They can be used to add functionality to a function or class, such as logging or timing.

• Decorators can also be used to modify the behavior of a function or class, such as adding caching or memoization.

• Decorators can be chained together to apply multiple modifications to a function or class.

API error codes are unique identifiers used to indicate specific errors in an API response.

• API error codes are typically numeric or alphanumeric codes that correspond to specific errors in the API.

• Each error code should have a corresponding explanation in the API documentation to help developers understand the issue.

• Examples of API error codes include 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, and 404 Not Found.

OOPS is Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS is a way of organizing and designing code around objects

• It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• Examples of OOPS languages are Java, C++, Python, etc.

Upstream impacts refer to effects that occur earlier in a process, while downstream impacts refer to effects that occur later.

• Upstream impacts are changes or events that happen at the beginning of a process or supply chain.

• Downstream impacts are changes or events that happen as a result of actions taken earlier in the process.

• Examples of upstream impacts include changes in raw material prices, supplier disruptions, or regulatory changes.

• Examples of downstream impacts include ...read more

I used a keyword-driven automation framework in my project.

• The framework was designed to allow testers to write test cases using keywords and reusable functions.

• Test scripts were written in a tabular format, making it easy to understand and maintain.

• The framework included libraries for common functions like logging, reporting, and data handling.

• Test data was stored in external files like Excel sheets or CSV files for easy management.

• The framework supported parallel execution ...read more

Cluster paragraphs based on readability using natural language processing techniques.

• Use natural language processing techniques to extract features like sentence length, word complexity, and readability scores.

• Apply clustering algorithms like K-means or hierarchical clustering to group paragraphs with similar readability.

• Evaluate the clusters using metrics like silhouette score or coherence to determine the optimal number of clusters.

• Consider using pre-trained language models...read more

Exceptions to limitation of liability in corporate law

• Fraudulent conduct

• Gross negligence

• Intentional misconduct

• Breach of fiduciary duty

• Environmental damage

• Personal injury or death

• Violation of securities laws

• Unlawful dividends or stock purchases

• Failure to pay taxes

Unit testing is a software testing method where individual components or units of a program are tested to ensure their functionality.

• Unit testing is performed on small, isolated parts of the software called units.

• It helps identify bugs or errors in the individual units before integrating them into the larger system.

• Unit tests are typically written by developers and executed frequently during the development process.

• It ensures that each unit of the software performs as expecte...read more

Create a class and view model with a network class using closure for callback

• Create a class with properties and methods for handling network requests

• Implement a view model to interact with the network class and handle data processing

• Use closures in the network class for callback functions

The return type for controller actions in .NET is typically ActionResult.

• The return type for controller actions can be ActionResult, ViewResult, PartialViewResult, JsonResult, ContentResult, RedirectResult, RedirectToRouteResult, FileResult, HttpNotFoundResult, HttpStatusCodeResult, etc.

• ActionResult is a base class for all action results in ASP.NET MVC.

• Example: public ActionResult Index() { return View(); }

To install an app on mobile devices for testing, you can use various methods such as manual installation, using app stores, or using testing tools.

• Manually install the app by transferring the APK file to the device and installing it.

• Use app stores like Google Play Store or Apple App Store to download and install the app.

• Utilize testing tools like Appium or TestFlight for automated installation and testing.

• Consider using mobile device management (MDM) solutions for bulk app in...read more

Topics in Kafka are logical channels for data storage and communication.

• Topics are categories or feeds to which records are published by producers.

• Consumers subscribe to topics to receive records and process them.

• Each topic is split into partitions for scalability and parallel processing.

• Topics can have multiple partitions to distribute load and increase throughput.

• Example: 'orders', 'payments', 'logs'

Htmlfor generates a label and input element with a specified name, while html does not.

• Htmlfor is used to generate a label and input element with a specified name

• Html is used to generate HTML markup

• Htmlfor is used for strongly-typed views

• Htmlfor is more secure as it binds the input to a model property

• Htmlfor is used for creating form elements

• Html is used for creating HTML elements

OOPs concepts are the principles of object-oriented programming. Function pointers are pointers that point to functions.

• OOPs concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Inheritance is the process of creating new classes from existing ones.

• Polymorphism is the ability of objects to take on multiple forms.

• Abstraction is the process of creating a si...read more

JavaScript is a programming language used for creating interactive web pages and web applications.

• JavaScript is a client-side scripting language.

• It is used for adding interactivity to web pages.

• JavaScript can manipulate HTML elements, handle events, and make HTTP requests.

• It supports object-oriented programming and functional programming paradigms.

• Common JavaScript frameworks include React, Angular, and Vue.js.

Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

• Node.js is used for server-side scripting and building scalable network applications.

• It allows running JavaScript code outside of a web browser.

• Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model for efficiency and scalability.

• It has a rich ecosystem of modules and packages available through npm (Node Package Manager).

OTC process refers to Order-to-Cash process in SAP SD module.

• OTC process involves the entire sales cycle from order creation to payment receipt.

• It includes steps like order entry, order confirmation, picking, packing, shipping, billing, and payment collection.

• SAP SD module provides functionalities to manage and streamline the OTC process.

• Integration with other modules like MM (Materials Management) and FI (Financial Accounting) is crucial for a smooth OTC process.

• Example: A c...read more

Yes, I have done customisation in spring-boot.

• Implemented custom error handling by extending ResponseEntityExceptionHandler

• Created custom annotations for validation

• Configured custom logging using Logback

MVC is a web application framework for building web pages, while WebAPI is a framework for building HTTP services.

• MVC is used for building web applications that return HTML views to the client.

• WebAPI is used for building HTTP services that return data in JSON or XML format.

• MVC has a view engine that generates HTML output, while WebAPI does not.

• MVC has a controller that handles user input and updates the model, while WebAPI has a controller that handles HTTP requests and retur...read more

Types of joins in MySQL include inner join, left join, right join, and full join.

• Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables.

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

• Full join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

A design case study should showcase your design process, problem-solving skills, and the impact of your design.

• Start with a clear problem statement and research

• Include sketches, wireframes, and prototypes to show your design process

• Explain your design decisions and how they address the problem

• Include metrics or user feedback to show the impact of your design

• Make it visually appealing and easy to follow

• Tailor the case study to the job you're applying for

• Consider adding a video...read more

Program to check whether two strings are anagrams or not

• Convert both strings to lowercase

• Remove all whitespaces from both strings

• Sort both strings alphabetically

• Compare the sorted strings, if they are equal then they are anagrams

Answers to questions related to IOS development concepts.

• Delegate and protocol are used for communication between objects in IOS. Delegate is a design pattern that allows one object to send messages to another object when a specific event occurs. Protocol is a set of methods that a class can implement to provide a specific behavior.

• MVC is a design pattern used in IOS development. It separates the application into three components: Model, View, and Controller. Model represents...read more

ConstraintLayout is the most efficient layout to use on Android.

• Allows for flat view hierarchy

• Handles complex layouts efficiently

• Supports responsive design

• Provides tools for optimizing layouts

Third party sales process involves selling products or services on behalf of a third-party vendor.

• In this process, the company acts as an intermediary between the customer and the third-party vendor.

• The company takes the order from the customer and then passes it on to the third-party vendor for fulfillment.

• The third-party vendor directly ships the products to the customer and handles the invoicing and payment collection.

• The company earns a commission or profit margin on the ...read more

Intercompany sales refers to the process of selling goods or services between two or more entities within the same company or group.

• Intercompany sales involve transactions between different legal entities within the same organization.

• It is used to transfer goods or services from one entity to another, typically at a predetermined price.

• Intercompany sales can occur for various reasons, such as centralizing purchasing or optimizing inventory levels.

• These transactions are usuall...read more

Android activity is a single screen with a user interface, while fragment is a modular section of an activity.

• Activity represents a single screen with a user interface.

• Fragments are modular sections of an activity that contribute to the overall user interface.

• Activities can contain multiple fragments, allowing for more flexible and reusable UI designs.

• Fragments can be added, removed, or replaced within an activity at runtime.

• Communication between fragments is typically done t...read more

Stocks are ownership shares in a company that represent a portion of its assets and earnings.

• Stocks are bought and sold on stock exchanges

• Stock prices can fluctuate based on various factors such as company performance, market trends, and economic conditions

• Investors can earn money through dividends or by selling their stocks at a higher price than they bought them for

• Examples of well-known stocks include Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft

Design strategy is created by understanding the problem, defining goals, researching, ideating, prototyping, and testing.

• Understand the problem and define goals

• Research the target audience and competition

• Ideate and brainstorm possible solutions

• Prototype and test the design

• Iterate and refine the design based on feedback

• Create a plan for implementation and execution

I pitch solutions to clients by understanding their needs, presenting options, and explaining the benefits.

• Listen carefully to the client's needs and concerns

• Present multiple options with clear explanations

• Highlight the benefits of each solution and how it addresses the client's needs

• Be open to feedback and willing to make adjustments

• Use visual aids and examples to help the client understand the proposed solution

Security in Kafka can be handled through authentication, authorization, encryption, and SSL/TLS.

• Implement authentication mechanisms like SASL or SSL for secure communication between clients and brokers.

• Set up ACLs (Access Control Lists) to control access to topics and resources.

• Enable encryption using SSL/TLS to secure data in transit.

• Use tools like Confluent Security Plugins for additional security features.

• Regularly update Kafka and related components to patch security vuln...read more

Handling difficult stakeholders involves effective communication, building trust, managing expectations, and finding common ground.

• Listen actively to their concerns and try to understand their perspective

• Communicate clearly and regularly to keep them informed

• Build trust by delivering on promises and being transparent

• Manage expectations by setting realistic goals and timelines

• Find common ground by focusing on shared objectives and finding win-win solutions

OOPs concepts are used in real life to model objects and their behavior.

• Encapsulation: A car's engine is encapsulated and can only be accessed through specific methods.

• Inheritance: A sports car is a type of car that inherits properties and methods from the car class.

• Polymorphism: A person can be a student, teacher, or employee, each with their own unique behavior.

• Abstraction: A TV remote has buttons that abstract the complex inner workings of the TV.

• Objects: A smartphone is a...read more

Recall, precision, and F-score are evaluation metrics used in classification tasks to measure the performance of a model.

• Recall (also known as sensitivity) measures the ability of a model to find all the relevant cases within a dataset. It is calculated as the ratio of true positives to the sum of true positives and false negatives.

• Precision measures the proportion of relevant cases among the retrieved cases. It is calculated as the ratio of true positives to the sum of true ...read more

SD-FI integration example

• SD-FI integration ensures seamless flow of financial data from Sales and Distribution module to Financial Accounting module in SAP

• Example: When a sales order is created in SD, it triggers the creation of an accounting document in FI

• The accounting document contains information such as revenue, cost of goods sold, and taxes

• SD-FI integration allows for accurate financial reporting and analysis based on sales transactions

SD-MM integration refers to the seamless integration between Sales and Distribution (SD) and Materials Management (MM) modules in SAP.

• SD-MM integration ensures that sales orders are processed smoothly by integrating with the procurement and inventory management processes.

• It allows for real-time updates on stock availability, pricing, and delivery schedules.

• SD-MM integration enables efficient order fulfillment, inventory management, and accurate financial reporting.

• Example: Wh...read more

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.

• Allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class

• Promotes code reusability and reduces redundancy

• Creates a parent-child relationship between classes

• Derived class can override or extend the functionality of the base class

strstr function searches for a substring within a string and returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the substring.

• Used in C programming language

• Syntax: char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle)

• Example: char *str = strstr("hello world", "world")

Expected CTC depends on the company's budget and the candidate's experience and skills.

• Expected CTC is usually discussed during the final stages of the interview process.

• Candidates should research the industry standards and the company's compensation structure.

• Negotiation is possible if the offer is not satisfactory.

• Factors like location, job responsibilities, and benefits should also be considered.

• Example: For a software engineer position in a mid-sized company, the expected...read more

A high order function is a function that can take other functions as parameters or return functions as results.

• High order functions can be used to create more flexible and reusable code.

• They allow for functions to be passed as arguments, making code more modular.

• Examples include map, filter, and reduce functions in functional programming.

Count occurrences of each character in a string

• Create a map to store character counts

• Iterate through the string and update counts in the map

• Return the map with character counts

Use a centralized API gateway to manage and route requests to multiple APIs efficiently.

• Implement a centralized API gateway to handle incoming requests and route them to the appropriate API based on the endpoint.

• Utilize API management tools like Apigee, Kong, or AWS API Gateway to manage and monitor multiple APIs.

• Consider implementing a caching layer to improve performance and reduce the number of requests to external APIs.

Agile ceremonies are regular meetings or events in Agile methodology to facilitate communication, collaboration, and decision-making within the team.

• Sprint Planning: Meeting at the start of a sprint to plan the work to be done.

• Daily Stand-up: Short daily meeting for team members to discuss progress and plan for the day.

• Sprint Review: Meeting at the end of a sprint to review and demonstrate the completed work.

• Sprint Retrospective: Meeting at the end of a sprint to reflect on w...read more

Writing trigger logic involves defining actions to be taken when a certain event occurs in a database.

• Identify the event that will trigger the logic

• Define the actions to be taken when the event occurs

• Consider any conditions or constraints that need to be met for the trigger to fire

A Batch Class is used in Salesforce to process records in batches.

• Batch classes are used to process large amounts of data in Salesforce.

• They are implemented by implementing the Database.Batchable interface.

• Batch classes have three main methods: start, execute, and finish.

• Example: public class MyBatchClass implements Database.Batchable { // implementation }

LWC Component for Senior Software Engineer interview

• Create a new Lightning Web Component using Salesforce CLI

• Define HTML template, JavaScript controller, and CSS styling

• Implement functionality using Apex controllers and Lightning Data Service

• Use @wire to fetch data from Salesforce backend

• Leverage Salesforce Lightning Design System for UI components

The latest trends in the software industry include AI, cloud computing, DevOps, and low-code development.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being integrated into software to improve automation and decision-making processes.

• Cloud computing is becoming more popular as it allows for easy scalability and cost-effectiveness.

• DevOps is being adopted by more companies to improve collaboration and efficiency between development and operations teams.

• Low-code development platforms are gain...read more

The split function in Java is used to split a string into an array of substrings based on a specified delimiter.

• The split function takes a regular expression as a parameter to specify the delimiter.

• The result is an array of strings containing the substrings.

• Example: String str = 'Hello,World'; String[] parts = str.split(','); // parts = ['Hello', 'World']

call, apply, and bind are methods in JavaScript used to manipulate the context of a function.

• call() is used to invoke a function with a specified 'this' value and arguments provided individually.

• apply() is similar to call() but arguments are passed as an array.

• bind() is used to create a new function with a specified 'this' value and initial arguments.

STO process is the transfer of stock between two different plants within the same company code in SAP SD module.

• STO stands for Stock Transport Order.

• It involves the movement of goods from a supplying plant to a receiving plant.

• It is used when a company has multiple plants and wants to transfer stock between them.

• The process includes creating a purchase order, delivery, and goods receipt.

• It can be either a one-step or a two-step process, depending on the configuration.

• In a one...read more

EDI stands for Electronic Data Interchange and IDOC stands for Intermediate Document.

• EDI is a standard format for exchanging business documents electronically.

• IDOC is a data container used to exchange information between different systems in SAP.

• EDI and IDOC are commonly used in SAP SD (Sales and Distribution) module for communication with external systems.

• EDI and IDOC enable seamless integration and automation of business processes.

• Example: An EDI document can be used to exc...read more

Sort positive integers in an array

• Filter out negative integers from the array

• Use Array.sort() method to sort the remaining positive integers

• Return the sorted array

var is function scoped, let and const are block scoped.

• var can be redeclared and updated within its scope

• let can be updated but not redeclared within its scope

• const cannot be updated or redeclared once declared

• let and const are not hoisted like var

• const must be initialized during declaration

Dependency injection in .NET Core allows for loosely coupled components and easier testing.

• Dependency injection is a design pattern where components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• In .NET Core, dependency injection is built-in and can be configured in the ConfigureServices method of the Startup class.

• Services are registered in the ConfigureServices method and can be injected into controllers, services, or other components.

• Example: services.A...read more

Problem solving techniques involve identifying the root cause, brainstorming solutions, evaluating options, and implementing the best solution.

• Identify the problem and its root cause

• Brainstorm potential solutions

• Evaluate the pros and cons of each solution

• Select the best solution and implement it

• Monitor the results and adjust as necessary

BRD stands for Business Requirements Document and FRD stands for Functional Requirements Document.

• BRD outlines the business solution for a project, including the business needs and objectives.

• FRD details the functional requirements of a project, specifying what the system must do.

• BRD focuses on the 'what' of a project, while FRD focuses on the 'how'.