Dark Horse Digital Solutions Sde1 Interview Questions and Answers

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Q1. How do you face challenges?
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Q2. How do you deal with deadlines?
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Basics of cs

Q1. Tell me about your self
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Q2. Your strengths on technical subjects you have gine
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Q1. What are custom hooks in React, and what are their use cases? Additionally, can you provide an example of a custom hook that performs an API call and utilizes the retrieved data?
Ans. 
Custom hooks in React are reusable functions that allow you to extract component logic into separate functions for better code organization and reusability.
• Custom hooks are created using the 'use' prefix and can be used to share logic between components.

• Use cases for custom hooks include fetching data from an API, handling form state, managing local storage, and more.

• Example of a custom hook for API call: const useFetc...read more
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Q2. What is the difference between useMemo and useCallback in React?
Ans. 
useMemo is used to memoize a value, while useCallback is used to memoize a function.
• useMemo is used to memoize a value and recompute it only when its dependencies change.

• useCallback is used to memoize a callback function and prevent unnecessary re-renders.

• Example: useMemo can be used to memoize the result of a complex computation, while useCallback can be used to memoize an event handler function.
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Q3. What is the difference between class-based components and functional components in React?
Ans. 
Class-based components use ES6 classes and have lifecycle methods, while functional components are simpler and use functions.
• Class-based components use ES6 classes to create components, while functional components are created using functions.

• Class-based components have lifecycle methods like componentDidMount and componentDidUpdate, while functional components do not.

• Functional components are simpler and more lightweig...read more
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Q4. How can you implement the lifecycle of a React component in a functional component?
Ans. 
Implementing the lifecycle of a React component in a functional component
• Use the useEffect hook to replicate lifecycle methods like componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, and componentWillUnmount

• Pass an empty array as the second argument to useEffect to mimic componentDidMount

• Pass a variable or state as the second argument to useEffect to mimic componentDidUpdate

• Return a cleanup function inside useEffect to mimic compo
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Q5. What are the various state management techniques available in React?
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Various state management techniques in React include Context API, Redux, and local state.
• Context API: React's built-in solution for passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• Redux: A popular state management library for React applications, allowing for a centralized store to manage application state.

• Local state: Managing state within individual components using us
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Q6. What is the architecture of Redux, and what purposes do middlewares serve within it?
Ans. 
Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. Middlewares are functions that intercept actions before they reach the reducer.
• Redux follows a unidirectional data flow architecture.

• Middlewares in Redux are functions that can intercept, modify, or dispatch actions.

• Common use cases for middlewares include logging, asynchronous API calls, and handling side effects.

• Examples of popular Redux middlewares are Redu...read more
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Q7. What is hoisting in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Hoisting in JavaScript is the behavior where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase.
• Variable declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope, but not their initializations.

• Function declarations are fully hoisted, meaning they can be called before they are declared.

• Hoisting can lead to unexpected behavior if not understood properly.
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Q8. What is event bubbling in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Event bubbling is the propagation of events from the target element up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.
• Events triggered on a child element will 'bubble up' and trigger on parent elements.

• Event listeners can be attached to parent elements to handle events from multiple child elements.

• Stopping event propagation can be done using event.stopPropagation() or event.stopImmediatePropagation().
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Q9. What are block scope and function scope in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Block scope and function scope are two types of scopes in JavaScript that determine the visibility and accessibility of variables.
• Block scope refers to the visibility of variables within a block of code enclosed by curly braces. Variables declared with 'let' and 'const' have block scope.

• Function scope refers to the visibility of variables within a function. Variables declared with 'var' have function scope.

• Variables de...read more
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Q10. Have you had experience working with semantic tags in HTML?
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience working with semantic tags in HTML.
• Used semantic tags like <header>, <nav>, <main>, <section>, <article>, <aside>, <footer> for better structure and SEO.

• Understand the importance of using semantic tags for accessibility and search engine optimization.

• Semantic tags help in organizing content and making it more readable for developers and browsers.
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Q11. What are the various methods for creating an object in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Various methods for creating an object in JavaScript include object literals, constructor functions, ES6 classes, and Object.create() method.
• Object literals: var obj = { key: value };

• Constructor functions: function ObjectName() { this.key = value; } var obj = new ObjectName();

• ES6 classes: class ClassName { constructor() { this.key = value; } } var obj = new ClassName();

• Object.create() method: var obj = Object.create(pr
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Q12. What are the differences between shallow copy and deep copy in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Shallow copy only copies the references of nested objects, while deep copy creates new copies of nested objects.
• Shallow copy creates a new object but does not create copies of nested objects, only copies their references.

• Deep copy creates a new object and also creates new copies of all nested objects.

• Shallow copy can be achieved using Object.assign() or spread operator, while deep copy can be achieved using JSON.parse(
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Q13. What will be the output of the following JavaScript code fragment: `const a; function test() { console.log(a); }; test();`?
Ans. 
The code will throw an error because 'a' is declared but not initialized.
• The code will result in a ReferenceError because 'a' is declared but not assigned a value.

• Variables declared with 'const' must be initialized at the time of declaration.

• Initializing 'a' with a value before calling test() will prevent the error.
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Q14. How can you use CSS to arrange elements in a row and column layout?
Ans. 
CSS can be used to arrange elements in a row and column layout using flexbox or grid layout properties.
• Use display: flex; for a row layout and display: flex; flex-direction: column; for a column layout

• Use justify-content and align-items properties to align items in the main axis and cross axis respectively

• For grid layout, use display: grid; and grid-template-columns or grid-template-rows to define the layout
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Q15. Have you utilized CSS preprocessors, and if so, which ones?
Ans. 
Yes, I have utilized CSS preprocessors such as SASS and LESS.
• I have experience using SASS to streamline my CSS workflow by utilizing variables, mixins, and nesting.

• I have also worked with LESS to improve code organization and maintainability through features like variables and functions.
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Q16. If I have assigned different colors to an ID and a class and applied both to the same element, which color will be applied based on CSS specificity precedence?
Ans. 
The color applied will be based on the specificity of the selector, with ID having higher specificity than class.
• ID has higher specificity than class in CSS

• Color applied will be based on the selector with higher specificity

• Example: If ID selector has color red and class selector has color blue, the color applied will be red
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1. Explain about framework architecture and from that all questions derived. asked to write diagram and explain the structure.
2. Difference between class variable and instance variable.
3. what is ITestListener why used and when used in framework.
4. architecture of selenium 4 (geckodriver, chromium driver)
5. what is BDD and cucumber, how both are related to.
6. which kind of framework you go, either POM or Page factory for with testNg/junit?
7. asked to write query on sql joins and how you fetch the second lowest of salary from each department.
8. DDL, DML statements.
9. pathquery and query parameters differences(API)
10. How the responses you are validating in automation framework for Json response file.
11. status code of Https
12. serialization and deserialization difference
13. String Builder, String Buffer and String difference? which is better and which is safe to use.
14. Dropdown in selenium how you handle, how to check which is already selected?
15. multiple data provider in testng and how you pass parameter and how you retrive from excel sheet? Asked to write code!
16.what is flaky testing?
17.Asked to write first code of JDBC connecting establishment with framework.
18. Code execution: input ="aabbabcbb"; output = a:3 , b:5, c:1 like this if they give name also it should count. Tip : HashMap you can write the code.
19. Code execution: a[]={1,2,3,4,0,0,0} b={5,6,7} output need to print as remove all 0's from first array and replace 1,2,3,4 with 5,6,7 some crazy questions.
20. Git cmds and CI/CD tool.

1. asked about architecture and where you used oops concepts?
2. abstract class and interfaces
3. select drop down all options
4. find scrape links from webpage write the code
5. asked for writing xpath for any element random website.
6. asked about following-sibling, descendent and preceding-sibling, normalise-space locators.
7. jdbc connection code.
8. API JSON file - how you done validation in automation testing.

Q1. Why team lead position you have not taken till now and is their any managerial skills you are lacking on What kind of projects you worked on water fall model agile team You are only individual contributor?...read more
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Q1. About experience and studies Compensation discussed. Need all the exp letters and years
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Q1. Technical questions regarding Salesforce
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Q2. Technical questions regarding Salesforce
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Q1. Salary discussion
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Q2. Salary discussion
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Q1. What is Pricing Rule & Product Rule?
Ans. 
Pricing Rule & Product Rule are mathematical concepts used in calculus to find derivatives of functions.
• Pricing Rule is used to find the derivative of a function that involves a product of two functions.

• Product Rule is used to find the derivative of a function that involves the product of two functions.

• Pricing Rule: (f(x)g(x))' = f'(x)g(x) + f(x)g'(x)

• Product Rule: (fg)' = f'g + fg'
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Q2. Can you please explain the Project you have worked on and the difficulties you faced?
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Q3. What are the Option contraint?
Ans. 
Option constraints are restrictions placed on the values that can be assigned to an option in a software system.
• Option constraints define the valid range of values for an option.

• They can include minimum and maximum values, allowed data types, and specific values.

• For example, an option for selecting a color may have constraints that limit the choices to 'red', 'blue', or 'green'.
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Q4. What rae the Configuration Attribute?
Ans. 
Configuration attributes are settings that define the behavior of a software system.
• Configuration attributes can include parameters such as database connection strings, logging levels, and feature toggles.

• They are typically stored in configuration files or databases.

• Changing configuration attributes can alter the behavior of the software without modifying its code.

• Configuration attributes are used to customize the soft...read more
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Q5. What is Flow specially Record Triggered flow?
Ans. 
Record Triggered Flow is a type of Flow in Salesforce that is triggered when a record is created or updated.
• Record Triggered Flow is used to automate processes in Salesforce based on changes to records.

• It can be set to run before or after the record is saved.

• Record Triggered Flow can access and update related records as well.

• It is a powerful tool for automating complex business processes in Salesforce.
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Q6. What is MDQ (Multi Dimensional Quote)?
Ans. 
MDQ (Multi Dimensional Quote) is a tool used in software development to estimate the effort required for a project by considering multiple dimensions.
• MDQ takes into account various factors such as complexity, team experience, technology stack, and project scope.

• It helps in providing a more accurate estimation of the time and resources needed for a project.

• For example, a project with a high complexity level and a new te...read more
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Q7. What is Pricing Waterfall?
Ans. 
Pricing waterfall is a method used to analyze and optimize pricing strategies by breaking down the pricing process into different components.
• Pricing waterfall helps in understanding the impact of various factors on pricing decisions.

• It involves analyzing costs, competition, customer demand, and other market factors to determine the optimal pricing strategy.

• Examples of components in a pricing waterfall include fixed cos...read more
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Q8. Explain Discount Schedule ?
Ans. 
A discount schedule is a set of rules or guidelines that determine the amount of discount a customer receives based on various factors.
• Discount schedules can be based on factors such as quantity purchased, customer loyalty, or promotional events.

• For example, a discount schedule may offer a 10% discount for purchases of 10 items or more.

• Another example could be a loyalty program where customers receive increasing discou...read more
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Q9. What are the different Pricing Method?
Ans. 
Different pricing methods include cost-plus pricing, value-based pricing, competition-based pricing, and dynamic pricing.
• Cost-plus pricing involves adding a markup to the cost of production.

• Value-based pricing sets prices based on the perceived value to the customer.

• Competition-based pricing involves setting prices based on competitors' prices.

• Dynamic pricing adjusts prices in real-time based on demand and other factor
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Q10. What are the different Product we have in CPQ?
Ans. 
CPQ offers multiple products including Configure, Price, Quote, Contract Management, and Billing.
• Configure: Allows users to customize products based on customer needs

• Price: Calculates pricing based on configurations and discounts

• Quote: Generates quotes for customers based on configured products

• Contract Management: Manages contracts and agreements with customers

• Billing: Handles invoicing and payment processing
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Q1. What is QCP (Quote Calculator Plugin)?
Ans. 
QCP is a software plugin used for calculating quotes for products or services.
• QCP is a tool used in sales or e-commerce platforms to provide accurate pricing information to customers.

• It can factor in variables such as quantity, discounts, taxes, and shipping costs to generate a final quote.

• QCP can be customized to fit the specific pricing structure and rules of a business.

• Examples of QCP include plugins for online shop...read more
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Q2. Explain any Special Field in CPQ?
Ans. 
Special Field in CPQ refers to a custom field that is unique to a specific use case or industry.
• Special fields can be used to capture industry-specific data or unique requirements.

• Examples include fields for pricing rules in the manufacturing industry or contract terms in the telecommunications industry.
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Q3. Have you worked on Amendment? Explain it?
Ans. 
Yes, I have worked on Amendment. It involves making changes to existing software code or documentation.
• Amendment involves modifying existing code or documentation to improve functionality or fix issues.

• Examples include updating a software feature to meet new requirements, fixing bugs in the code, or enhancing performance.

• Amendment may also involve revising documentation to reflect changes made to the software.
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Q4. What is renewal in CPQ? Explain the complete Flow?
Ans. 
Renewal in CPQ refers to the process of renewing a contract or subscription for a product or service.
• Renewal in CPQ involves generating a renewal quote for an existing contract or subscription.

• The renewal flow typically includes reviewing the terms of the existing contract, making any necessary adjustments, and generating a new quote for the renewed contract.

• Customers may have the option to renew their contract for a s...read more
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Q5. Explain Quote to Cash Flow?
Ans. 
Quote to Cash Flow is the process of generating revenue from the initial quote to the final payment.
• Quote to Cash Flow involves the entire sales process from creating a quote for a product or service to receiving payment for that product or service.

• It includes activities such as quoting, invoicing, order fulfillment, and payment collection.

• The goal of Quote to Cash Flow is to streamline the sales process and improve ca...read more
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Q6. What is Package level Setting?
Ans. 
Package level setting refers to configuration settings that apply to an entire package of software components.
• Package level settings are configuration options that affect all components within a software package.

• These settings are typically defined at the package level and apply globally.

• Examples include setting default values for variables, defining access control rules, or specifying logging levels.

• Package level sett...read more
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Q7. What is Bundle Product and Nested Bundle?
Ans. 
Bundle product is a group of related products sold together, while nested bundle is a bundle within a bundle.
• Bundle product is a collection of multiple products sold together as a single unit.

• Nested bundle is a bundle that contains another bundle within it.

• Example: A laptop bundle may include a laptop, a laptop bag, and a mouse. Within this bundle, there could be a nested bundle for extended warranty options.
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Q8. What is Guided Selling?
Ans. 
Guided selling is a sales technique where the salesperson guides the customer through the buying process, offering personalized recommendations and advice.
• Involves salesperson providing personalized recommendations to customers

• Helps customers make informed decisions during the buying process

• Often used in e-commerce websites to suggest products based on customer preferences
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Q9. Explain Usages Based Product?
Ans. 
Usages based product refers to a pricing model where customers are charged based on their usage of the product or service.
• Customers are charged based on the amount or frequency of their usage.

• Common in industries like cloud computing, SaaS, and utilities.

• Examples include pay-as-you-go cloud services, metered electricity usage, and usage-based insurance.
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Q10. What is Batch APEX?
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Batch APEX is a feature in Salesforce that allows developers to process records in bulk using Apex code.
• Batch APEX is used to handle large volumes of data in Salesforce.

• It is commonly used for tasks like data cleansing, data migration, and data processing.

• Batch APEX classes implement the Database.Batchable interface and are executed asynchronously.

• Developers can monitor and manage Batch APEX jobs through the Salesforce
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Q1. Architecture discussion around projects
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Q1. Caching, auth discussion in depth
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Q1. List down Java 8 features and use case
Ans. 
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, streams, and functional interfaces.
• Lambda expressions: Allow for more concise and readable code by enabling functional programming.

• Streams: Provide a way to work with collections of objects in a more functional style.

• Functional interfaces: Interfaces with a single abstract method, used to enable lambda expressions.

• Optional class: Helps to avoid null p...read more
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Q2. List down Spring boot annotation used
Ans. 
Spring boot annotations are used to simplify the development process by providing metadata to the Spring framework.
• 1. @SpringBootApplication - Main annotation to indicate the main class of a Spring Boot application.

• 2. @RestController - Annotation for RESTful web services.

• 3. @Autowired - Dependency injection annotation.

• 4. @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping - Annotations for mapping HTTP requests to c...read more
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Q3. Difference between String builder and String Buffer
Ans. 
String Builder is not synchronized and faster, while String Buffer is synchronized and slower.
• String Builder is not thread-safe, while String Buffer is thread-safe.

• String Builder is faster due to lack of synchronization, while String Buffer is slower due to synchronization.

• String Builder is recommended for single-threaded operations, while String Buffer is recommended for multi-threaded operations.
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Q4. What is String pool
Ans. 
String pool is a storage area in memory where strings are stored to optimize memory usage by reusing common strings.
• String pool helps in reducing memory usage by storing only one copy of each unique string.

• Strings created using double quotes are stored in the string pool.

• Strings created using new keyword are not stored in the string pool.
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Q5. Number of memory type have. like heap memory , stack
Ans. 
There are two main types of memory in a computer system: stack memory and heap memory.
• Stack memory is used for static memory allocation and is managed by the compiler. It is typically faster but limited in size.

• Heap memory is used for dynamic memory allocation and is managed by the programmer. It is slower but has a larger size.

• Examples: C programming language uses stack memory for function calls and heap memory for dy
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