10+ Carl Zeiss Interview Questions and Answers

Map object is an instance of Map class while map is a data structure that stores key-value pairs.

• Map object is mutable while map is immutable

• Map object can have any type of key while map keys are restricted to hashable types

• Map object has methods like set(), get(), delete() while map has no such methods

• Map object is used in object-oriented programming while map is used in functional programming

Django request response cycle is the process of handling a request and generating a response in Django web framework.

• Client sends a request to the server.

• The request is received by the Django server.

• Django uses URL patterns to match the requested URL to a view function.

• The view function processes the request and returns an HTTP response.

• The response is sent back to the client.

Private variables are defined using access modifiers to restrict their access within a class.

• Use the 'private' keyword to define a private variable

• Private variables can only be accessed within the class they are defined in

• Private variables are often used to encapsulate data and prevent direct access from outside the class

I work on Visual C# 2019.

• I primarily work on Visual C# 2019 for my software development projects.

• I have experience with Visual C# 2017 and earlier versions as well.

• Visual C# 2019 offers new features and improvements over previous versions.

Lists and tuples are similar but tuples are immutable. Arrays are fixed size while lists are dynamic.

• Lists and tuples are both used to store collections of data.

• Tuples are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed once created.

• Lists are dynamic and can be resized during runtime.

• Arrays are fixed size and can only store elements of the same data type.

• Lists and arrays can be indexed and sliced to access specific elements.

• Example: list = [1, 2, 3], tuple = (4, 5, 6), arra...read more

Oops concept is a programming paradigm based on the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary information to the user.

• Encapsulation: Binding the data and methods together to protect the data from outside interference.

• Inheritance: Creating a new class from an existing class to reuse the code and add new features.

• Polymorphism: Using a single interface to represent differe...read more

Django signals allow certain senders to notify a set of receivers that some action has taken place.

• Signals allow decoupled applications to get notified when certain actions occur elsewhere in the application

• They are used to avoid coupling between applications

• Signals are defined by providing a receiver function which gets called when the signal is sent

• Example: A signal can be sent when a new user is created, and a receiver function can be defined to send a welcome email to the...read more

A decorator is a design pattern that allows behavior to be added to an individual object, either statically or dynamically.

• Decorators wrap an object to modify its behavior.

• They provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.

• Python has built-in support for decorators, which are denoted by the @ symbol.

• Examples of decorators include @staticmethod, @classmethod, and @property.

Pull is when the client initiates the request for data, while push is when the server sends data without a request.

• Pull: Client initiates request for data

• Push: Server sends data without request

• Pull: Used in polling mechanisms

• Push: Used in real-time communication systems

Pull and fetch are both Git commands used to update a local repository with changes from a remote repository, but they have different behaviors.

• Pull: updates the current branch with changes from the remote repository and merges them into the local branch.

• Fetch: downloads changes from the remote repository to the local repository, but does not merge them into the local branch.

• Pull is a combination of fetch and merge, while fetch only downloads changes.

• Fetch is useful for revie...read more

Routing in MVC refers to the process of mapping URLs to controller actions in a web application.

• Routing is the mechanism that directs incoming HTTP requests to the appropriate controller and action method in an MVC application.

• Routes are defined in the RouteConfig.cs file in ASP.NET MVC applications.

• Routes can be configured to include parameters that are passed to the controller action.

• Routes can also include constraints to restrict the values that can be passed in as paramet...read more

Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction are the 4 pillars of OOP

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features

Defect leakage is when defects are not identified during testing and are found by users, while defect control is the process of managing and preventing defects.

• Defect leakage occurs when defects are missed during testing and are discovered by users after the product is released.

• Defect control involves implementing processes and strategies to identify, track, and prevent defects throughout the development lifecycle.

• Defect leakage can result in negative user experiences, loss o...read more