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To identify whether a binary tree is a Binary Search Tree or not.
Check if the left subtree is a Binary Search Tree
Check if the right subtree is a Binary Search Tree
Check if the root node is greater than all the nodes in the left subtree
Check if the root node is less than all the nodes in the right subtree
Solution for inorder traversal in sorted order without using array
Implement a binary search tree and perform inorder traversal
Use a stack to simulate the recursive function call stack
Maintain a variable to keep track of the previously visited node
Compare the current node with the previously visited node to check if it is in sorted order
Convert a BST to a binary tree with each element replaced by sum of all greater elements.
Traverse the BST in reverse inorder and keep track of the sum of all greater elements.
Replace each node's value with the sum and update the sum.
Recursively perform the above steps on left and right subtrees.
Time complexity: O(n), Space complexity: O(h) where h is the height of the tree.
Find the 2nd highest salary from an employee table in SQL.
Use the SELECT statement to retrieve the salaries in descending order.
Use the LIMIT keyword to limit the result set to the second row.
Use a subquery to exclude the highest salary from the result set.
I am a software engineer with experience in developing web applications and a passion for problem-solving.
Experienced in developing web applications using languages such as Java, Python, and JavaScript
Proficient in using frameworks such as Spring, Django, and React
Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work in a team environment
Passionate about learning new technologies and keeping up with industry trends
Given an array, determine if it follows one of four patterns: increasing, decreasing, increase then decrease, or decrease then increase.
Iterate through the array and compare each element to the previous one.
If all elements are increasing, it follows the increasing pattern.
If all elements are decreasing, it follows the decreasing pattern.
If there is a point where the elements start decreasing after increasing, it follow...
Given an array of distinct positive numbers, find the maximum sum of non-adjacent elements.
Use dynamic programming to keep track of the maximum sum at each index
At each index, choose between including the current element or skipping it
The maximum sum at index i is the maximum of the sum including i-2 and i or the sum excluding i
Return the maximum sum at the last index
Use machine learning algorithms to analyze user behavior and preferences to suggest personalized coupons.
Collect user data such as purchase history, search history, and demographics
Use machine learning algorithms to analyze the data and identify patterns
Create personalized coupon suggestions based on the identified patterns
Regularly update and refine the algorithm to improve accuracy
Allow users to provide feedback on t
I am a highly motivated individual with a passion for learning and growth.
I have a degree in computer science and have worked as a software developer for 3 years.
I am proficient in several programming languages including Java, Python, and C++.
I am a quick learner and enjoy taking on new challenges.
In my free time, I enjoy hiking and playing guitar.
AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It is a technique used for creating fast and dynamic web pages.
AJAX allows web pages to update asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes.
It uses XMLHttpRequest object to communicate with the server.
AJAX can be used to create interactive web applications that can update data without reloading the entire page.
Examples of AJAX-base...
Print the Next Greater Element (NGE) for every element in an array. If it doesn’t exceed then print -1.
Iterate through the array and for each element, find the next greater element using a stack.
If the next greater element is found, print it. Otherwise, print -1.
Time complexity: O(n)
AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages without reloading the entire page.
AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
It allows for asynchronous communication between the client and server
Data is sent and received in the background without interrupting the user's experience
AJAX is commonly used for auto-suggest search boxes, real-time updates, and form submissions
Examples of AJAX frameworks inclu
Find the minimum number of steps to reach a finish word from a start word by changing only one digit at a time.
Use breadth-first search algorithm to find the shortest path.
Create a graph with words as nodes and edges between words that differ by one character.
Start from the start word and explore all its neighbors, then move to their neighbors and so on until the finish word is found.
Keep track of visited nodes to avoi
Auto Complete system suggests possible search queries as the user types.
Uses algorithms to predict and suggest search queries based on user input
Saves time and effort for users by providing relevant suggestions
Can be based on user history, location, and other factors
Examples include Google search suggestion, YouTube search suggestion, and Amazon search suggestion
I am a highly motivated individual with a passion for learning and achieving my goals.
I have a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science
I have completed several internships in software development
I am proficient in multiple programming languages including Java and Python
I enjoy working in a team environment and collaborating with others to solve problems
I am always looking for new challenges and opportunities to grow
Print the bottom view of a tree.
Traverse the tree in level order and keep track of horizontal distance of each node from the root.
Store the horizontal distance and node value in a map.
Print the node values in the map for the minimum and maximum horizontal distance for each level.
Convert a BST to a binary tree with each element replaced by the sum of all greater elements + its own sum.
Traverse the BST in reverse order (right, root, left)
Keep track of the sum of all greater elements seen so far
Update the current node's value with the sum of all greater elements seen so far + its own value
Recursively convert the right and left subtrees
Adding two numbers without arithmetic operators.
Use bitwise operators like XOR, AND, and left shift.
Add the two numbers using XOR and AND, then left shift the carry and add again until there is no carry.
Example: 5 + 3 = 8. 5 in binary is 101, 3 in binary is 011. XOR gives 110, AND gives 001, left shift gives 010.
Example continued: XOR 110 and 010 gives 100, AND 110 and 010 gives 010, left shift gives 1000. No carry, so
Use randomized pivot selection to avoid worst-case scenario
Randomly select a pivot element instead of always choosing the first or last element
This reduces the likelihood of selecting a pivot that is already in its correct position
Example: Instead of always choosing the first element as pivot, randomly select an element between the first and last element
This ensures that the worst-case scenario of O(n^2) is avoided and
Find length of longest string with no repeating characters.
Use a hash set to keep track of seen characters.
Iterate through the string and update the hash set and length.
Return the maximum length found.
Minimum number of steps to reach finish word from start word in a dictionary with words of length 3 and changing only one digit.
Use BFS algorithm to find the shortest path
Create a graph with words as nodes and edges between words that differ by only one character
Start BFS from the start word and stop when the finish word is found
Return the length of the path from start to finish word
Finding pattern in an array of strings.
Look for common prefixes or suffixes
Check for repeating patterns
Analyze the length of strings
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Verification and validation are two important processes in software testing. Test cases are specific conditions or scenarios to test the functionality of a system. Exploratory testing involves simultaneous learning, test design, and execution.
Verification ensures that the software meets the specifications and requirements, while validation ensures that the software meets the customer's needs.
A test case is a set of con...
Ensuring tester reports good quality defects by implementing thorough testing processes and clear communication.
Implementing comprehensive test cases to cover all possible scenarios
Utilizing automation tools to increase efficiency and accuracy
Regularly reviewing and verifying reported defects
Providing clear and detailed descriptions of defects found
Communicating effectively with developers to ensure understanding and r
Negative testing is a type of testing where the system is tested with invalid inputs to ensure it handles errors properly.
Testing the system with incorrect data or unexpected inputs
Checking how the system responds to invalid user actions
Verifying error messages and handling
Ensuring the system does not crash or behave unexpectedly
I have experience in conducting load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing.
Load testing to assess the system's ability to handle a specific load
Stress testing to evaluate the system's behavior under extreme conditions
Scalability testing to determine the system's ability to scale up or down based on demand
TestNG is a testing framework for Java that supports various types of testing like unit, functional, end-to-end, etc.
TestNG is an open-source testing framework for Java
It supports different types of testing such as unit, functional, end-to-end, etc.
TestNG provides features like annotations, grouping, parameterization, and reporting
It allows parallel execution of test cases and easy configuration through XML files
The command to invoke a browser using Selenium is driver.get("url");
Use the WebDriver object to open a browser window
Use the get() method to navigate to a specific URL
Example: WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.google.com");
To target an element on a website for automation, use unique identifiers like IDs, classes, XPath, or CSS selectors.
Use IDs for unique identification
Use classes for grouping similar elements
Use XPath for complex element targeting
Use CSS selectors for styling-based targeting
Targeting the dynamic element involves identifying and testing components of the software that are subject to change.
Identify areas of the software that are likely to change frequently
Use automation tools to target and test dynamic elements
Implement robust test strategies to handle dynamic changes
Regularly update test cases to accommodate dynamic elements
Utilize data-driven testing to handle variations in dynamic eleme
Yes, it is possible to automate flash items using automation tools and scripts.
Automation tools like Selenium can be used to automate flash items on web applications.
Flash automation can be achieved by interacting with the flash object using JavaScript.
Automated testing frameworks like TestComplete also support automation of flash elements.
Absolute xpath starts from the root element while relative xpath starts from any element in the DOM.
Absolute xpath starts with a single forward slash (/) and always starts from the root element of the page.
Relative xpath does not start with a forward slash and can start from any element in the DOM.
Absolute xpath is more brittle and prone to breaking if the structure of the page changes.
Relative xpath is more flexible a...
In API testing, we test the functionality, performance, security, and reliability of the API.
Functionality testing to ensure the API works as expected
Performance testing to check the response time and throughput
Security testing to identify vulnerabilities and ensure data protection
Reliability testing to verify the API's stability under different conditions
Payload is the data transmitted in an API request, while request body is a part of the payload containing the actual data being sent.
Payload includes all data sent in an API request, such as headers, parameters, and request body
Request body specifically refers to the part of the payload that contains the actual data being sent
In API testing, it is important to validate both the payload and request body for accuracy
Test case for integration scenario of API testing with main status codes in responses
Test case: Verify that the API response includes the expected data fields and values after integrating with another API
Main status codes: 200 (OK), 201 (Created), 400 (Bad Request), 401 (Unauthorized), 404 (Not Found), 500 (Internal Server Error)
Java program to reverse a string
Create a char array from the input string
Use two pointers to swap characters from start and end of the array
Continue swapping until the pointers meet in the middle
Java program to segregate values from given array of strings
Iterate through each string in the array
Check each character in the string and segregate based on type (alphabet, digit, special character)
Store segregated values in separate arrays or data structures
CAPTCHA works by presenting challenges that are easy for humans to solve but difficult for bots.
CAPTCHA stands for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.
It typically involves distorted text, images, or puzzles that users must solve to prove they are human.
CAPTCHA helps prevent automated bots from accessing websites or creating accounts.
Examples of CAPTCHA include reCAPTCHA, image re
A search engine works by crawling web pages, indexing content, and ranking results based on relevance.
Crawling: Search engine bots visit web pages and follow links to discover content.
Indexing: The search engine stores information about web pages in a database for quick retrieval.
Ranking: Algorithms analyze the indexed content to determine the relevance of each page to a user's query.
Results: The search engine displays...
Mobile app architecture refers to the structure and design of the app, including components like UI, data storage, networking, and security.
Mobile app architecture typically consists of presentation layer (UI), business logic layer, and data layer.
UI layer handles user interaction and presentation of data, often using frameworks like React Native or Flutter.
Business logic layer contains the core functionality of the ap...
Revenue from OTT apps is generated through various sources such as subscription fees, advertising, in-app purchases, and partnerships.
Subscription fees: Users pay a recurring fee to access premium content or features.
Advertising: OTT apps display ads to generate revenue from advertisers.
In-app purchases: Users can buy virtual goods or upgrades within the app.
Partnerships: OTT apps may partner with other companies for c
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