Cisco Java Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. OS questions,graph dfs question, geeks for geeks chocolate factory question
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Q1. Children sum property trees,height of BT
Ans. 
The question is about implementing a children sum property in trees and finding the height of a binary tree.
• Children sum property in trees means that the value of a node must be equal to the sum of the values of its children nodes.

• To find the height of a binary tree, you can recursively calculate the height of the left and right subtrees and return the maximum height plus one.

• Example: For a binary tree with nodes 1, 2,
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Q1. Project details
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Q2. Java , spring Boot
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was the first technical round.

Q1. 
Reverse Linked List Problem Statement
Given a singly linked list of integers, return the head of the reversed linked list.
Example:
Initial linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL
Reversed link...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a singly linked list of integers and return the head of the reversed linked list.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the pointers to point to the previous node instead of the next node.

• Keep track of the previous, current, and next nodes while reversing the linked list.

• Update the head of the reversed linked list as the last node encountered during reversal.
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Q2. 
LCA of Binary Tree Problem Statement
You are given a binary tree consisting of distinct integers and two nodes, X and Y. Your task is to find and return the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of these two nodes...read more
Ans. 
Find the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of two nodes in a binary tree.
• Traverse the binary tree to find the paths from the root to nodes X and Y.

• Compare the paths to find the last common node, which is the LCA.

• Handle cases where one node is an ancestor of the other.

• Consider edge cases like when X or Y is the root node.

• Implement a recursive or iterative solution to find the LCA efficiently.
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Q3. What is internal fragmentation?
Ans. 
Internal fragmentation occurs when allocated memory is larger than the requested memory, leading to wasted space.
• Internal fragmentation is common in memory management systems.

• It occurs when a block of memory is allocated to a process, but the process does not use all of the allocated memory.

• This results in wasted space within the allocated block.

• For example, if a process requests 100 bytes of memory but is allocated a ...read more
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Q4. Which part of memory stores uninitialized static and global variables?
Ans. 
BSS segment in memory stores uninitialized static and global variables.
• BSS segment stands for 'Block Started by Symbol' and is a section of memory where uninitialized static and global variables are stored.

• Variables declared with the 'static' keyword or as global variables without initialization are stored in the BSS segment.

• For example, int a; or static int b; would be stored in the BSS segment.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on DSA, OS, OOPS etc.

Q1. 
Integer Square Root Calculation
Given a positive integer 'N', compute its square root and return it. If 'N' is not a perfect square, then return the floor value of sqrt(N).
Example:
Input:
N = 25
N = 20
N...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the square root of a positive integer and return the floor value if not a perfect square.
• Use the sqrt() function to calculate the square root of the given integer.

• If the square root is not an integer, return the floor value using floor() function.

• Handle constraints such as the range of 'N' and the number of test cases.
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Q2. Where does the returned value for the 'main' function go?
Ans. 
The returned value for the 'main' function goes to the operating system.
• The returned value is typically an integer representing the exit status of the program.

• A return value of 0 usually indicates successful execution, while non-zero values indicate errors.

• The operating system can use the return value to determine the success or failure of the program.
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Q3. What is a segmentation fault?
Ans. 
A segmentation fault is a type of error that occurs when a program tries to access a memory location that it is not allowed to access.
• Occurs when a program tries to access memory outside of its allocated space

• Usually caused by bugs in the code such as accessing an uninitialized pointer or writing past the end of an array

• Can lead to program crashes or unexpected behavior

• Example: Accessing an element beyond the bounds of
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical managerial round.