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20+ TechBuddy Consulting Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 27 Sep 2024
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Q1. What is the difference between a hardworker and a smartworker?

Ans.

A hardworker puts in more effort, while a smartworker works efficiently and effectively.

  • A hardworker may spend more time on a task, while a smartworker finds ways to complete it faster.

  • A hardworker may rely on brute force, while a smartworker uses their skills and knowledge to solve problems.

  • A hardworker may struggle with prioritization, while a smartworker knows how to focus on the most important tasks.

  • A hardworker may burn out quickly, while a smartworker maintains a sustai...read more

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Q2. Order of multiple catch blocks in a single try block in java. Will it compile if the general catch was before the specific one?

Ans.

Order of catch blocks in a try block in Java

  • Specific catch blocks should come before general catch blocks

  • If general catch block comes before specific catch block, it will result in a compile-time error

  • If multiple catch blocks are present, only the first matching catch block will be executed

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Q3. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in Java?
Ans.

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

  • Abstract class can have constructors, member variables, and methods with implementation.

  • Interface can only have abstract methods and constants.

  • A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one abstract class.

  • Example: Abstract class - Animal with abstract method 'eat', Interface - Flyable with method 'fly'.

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Q4. What is a trigger in the context of a database management system?
Ans.

A trigger is a special type of stored procedure that automatically executes when certain events occur in a database.

  • Triggers are used to enforce business rules, maintain data integrity, and automate repetitive tasks.

  • They can be triggered by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations on a table.

  • Examples of triggers include auditing changes to a table, updating related tables when a record is modified, or enforcing referential integrity.

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Q5. What is the difference between 'final', 'finally', and 'finalize' in Java?
Ans.

final is a keyword used to declare constants, finally is a block used in exception handling, and finalize is a method used for cleanup.

  • final is a keyword used to declare constants in Java, meaning the value cannot be changed once assigned. Example: final int x = 10;

  • finally is a block used in exception handling to ensure a piece of code is always executed, whether an exception is thrown or not. Example: try { // code } finally { // cleanup code }

  • finalize is a method in Java us...read more

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Q6. What is the difference between clustered and non-clustered indexes in a database management system?
Ans.

Clustered indexes physically order the data in the table, while non-clustered indexes do not.

  • Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in the table, while non-clustered indexes do not.

  • A table can have only one clustered index, but multiple non-clustered indexes.

  • Clustered indexes are faster for retrieval of data, especially range queries, compared to non-clustered indexes.

  • Non-clustered indexes are stored separately from the actual data, leading to faster insert an...read more

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Q7. What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL in SQL?
Ans.

UNION combines and removes duplicates, UNION ALL combines without removing duplicates.

  • UNION merges the result sets of two or more SELECT statements and removes duplicates.

  • UNION ALL merges the result sets of two or more SELECT statements without removing duplicates.

  • UNION is slower than UNION ALL as it involves removing duplicates.

  • Example: SELECT column1 FROM table1 UNION SELECT column1 FROM table2;

  • Example: SELECT column1 FROM table1 UNION ALL SELECT column1 FROM table2;

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Q8. Write code for connecting a java application to the database

Ans.

Code for connecting a Java application to a database

  • Import the JDBC driver for the specific database

  • Create a connection object using the DriverManager class

  • Create a statement object to execute SQL queries

  • Execute the query and retrieve the results

  • Close the connection and release resources

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Q9. Private vs final keyword in considerance with member functions in an application offered to the user

Ans.

Private keyword restricts access to member functions within the class while final keyword prevents overriding of functions.

  • Private keyword is used to hide the implementation details of a class from the user.

  • Final keyword is used to prevent the user from overriding a function in a subclass.

  • Using private and final keywords together can ensure that the implementation details of a class are not modified by the user.

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Q10. What is the difference between the private and final access modifiers in Java?
Ans.

Private restricts access to the class itself, while final prevents inheritance and method overriding.

  • Private access modifier restricts access to the class itself, while final access modifier prevents inheritance and method overriding.

  • Private members are only accessible within the same class, while final classes cannot be extended and final methods cannot be overridden.

  • Example: private int num; - num can only be accessed within the class. final class Example {} - Example class...read more

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Q11. What do you know about Garbage collection

Ans.

Garbage collection is an automatic memory management process that frees up memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.

  • Garbage collection is used in programming languages like Java, C#, and Python.

  • It helps prevent memory leaks and reduces the risk of crashes due to memory exhaustion.

  • Garbage collection works by identifying objects that are no longer in use and freeing up the memory they occupy.

  • There are different algorithms for garbage collection, such as mark-and-swe...read more

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Q12. Difference between finally , finalize and final

Ans.

finally is a keyword used in try-catch block, finalize is a method in Object class, and final is a keyword used for declaring constants.

  • finally is used to execute a block of code after try-catch block

  • finalize is called by garbage collector before destroying an object

  • final is used to declare a constant variable or to make a class uninheritable

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Q13. Write a SQL query to fetch the nth highest salary from a table.
Ans.

SQL query to fetch the nth highest salary from a table

  • Use the ORDER BY clause to sort salaries in descending order

  • Use the LIMIT clause to fetch the nth highest salary

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Q14. What are the steps for establishing a JDBC connection?
Ans.

Establishing a JDBC connection involves loading the driver, creating a connection, creating a statement, executing queries, and handling exceptions.

  • Load the JDBC driver using Class.forName() method

  • Create a connection using DriverManager.getConnection() method

  • Create a statement using connection.createStatement() method

  • Execute queries using statement.executeQuery() method

  • Handle exceptions using try-catch blocks

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Q15. What are the functions of a cursor in PL/SQL?
Ans.

A cursor in PL/SQL is used to retrieve and process multiple rows of data one at a time.

  • Allows iteration over a result set

  • Retrieves data row by row

  • Can be used to update or delete rows in a table

  • Must be declared, opened, fetched, and closed

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Q16. Difference between Abstract class and Interface

Ans.

Abstract class is a class with some implementation while Interface is a contract with no implementation.

  • Abstract class can have constructors while Interface cannot

  • Abstract class can have non-abstract methods while Interface cannot

  • A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

  • Abstract class is used when there is a need for common functionality among related classes while Interface is used when there is a need for unrelated classes to imp...read more

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Q17. What do you know about garbage collection in Java?
Ans.

Garbage collection in Java is the process of automatically managing memory by deallocating objects that are no longer needed.

  • Garbage collection helps in preventing memory leaks by reclaiming memory used by objects that are no longer referenced.

  • Java uses a garbage collector to automatically manage memory, unlike languages like C++ where memory management is manual.

  • Garbage collection in Java can be triggered by calling System.gc() or when the JVM determines that it is necessary...read more

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Q18. What is JSON?

Ans.

JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation, a lightweight data interchange format.

  • JSON is used to transmit data between a server and a web application, as an alternative to XML.

  • It is easy to read and write for humans and easy to parse and generate for machines.

  • JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C family of languages.

  • Example: {"name":"John", "age":30, "city":"New York"}

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Q19. What is data integrity?
Ans.

Data integrity refers to the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout its lifecycle.

  • Data integrity ensures that data is accurate and consistent in storage and transmission.

  • It involves maintaining the quality and reliability of data over time.

  • Methods for ensuring data integrity include checksums, encryption, and error detection codes.

  • Examples of data integrity violations include data corruption, unauthorized access, and data tampering.

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Q20. Inheritance types in Java

Ans.

Inheritance types in Java

  • Java supports single and multiple inheritance through classes and interfaces respectively

  • Single inheritance is when a class extends only one parent class

  • Multiple inheritance is when a class implements multiple interfaces

  • Java also supports hierarchical inheritance where multiple classes extend a single parent class

  • Java does not support multiple inheritance through classes to avoid the diamond problem

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Q21. Explain inheritance

Ans.

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class is created by inheriting properties of an existing class.

  • Inheritance allows code reuse and promotes code organization.

  • The existing class is called the parent or superclass, and the new class is called the child or subclass.

  • The child class inherits all the properties and methods of the parent class and can also add its own unique properties and methods.

  • Inheritance can be single, multiple, or multilevel...read more

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Q22. Write an interface

Ans.

An interface defines a set of methods that a class must implement.

  • An interface is declared using the 'interface' keyword.

  • All methods in an interface are public and abstract by default.

  • A class can implement multiple interfaces.

  • Interfaces can also extend other interfaces.

  • Example: public interface MyInterface { void myMethod(); }

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Q23. Algorithms in data structures

Ans.

Algorithms in data structures are essential for efficient data manipulation and retrieval.

  • Algorithms in data structures help in organizing and managing data effectively.

  • Examples include sorting algorithms like quicksort and searching algorithms like binary search.

  • Understanding algorithms in data structures is crucial for optimizing performance in software development.

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