CBTS TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INDIA LLP Softwaretest Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

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One part numerical quantative coding 2 questions which is leetcode medium problem.

Q1. Basic questions in Tosca
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Q2. Detail asking about project
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Q1. What was your role and responsibilities in your previous company?
Ans. 
I was responsible for developing and maintaining software applications, debugging code, and collaborating with team members.
• Developed and maintained software applications

• Debugged code to identify and fix issues

• Collaborated with team members on projects
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Q2. Key features of Java 8.
Ans. 
Key features of Java 8 include lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.
• Lambda expressions allow for functional programming style in Java.

• Functional interfaces enable the use of lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with collections in a more functional way.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.
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Q3. What is multi-threading and how have you used it in your application?
Ans. 
Multi-threading is a programming concept where multiple threads run concurrently within a single process.
• Multi-threading allows for parallel execution of tasks, improving performance and responsiveness.

• Used in applications that require handling multiple tasks simultaneously, such as web servers or video editing software.

• Example: Implementing a multi-threaded server to handle multiple client requests concurrently.
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Q4. What are the compatible features of Java?
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Some compatible features of Java include platform independence, object-oriented programming, and automatic memory management.
• Platform independence allows Java programs to run on any platform with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• Object-oriented programming allows for modular and reusable code through classes and objects

• Automatic memory management with garbage collection helps manage memory allocation and deallocation

• Java al...read more
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Q5. Can you explain what ConcurrentModificationException is and how to resolve it?
Ans. 
ConcurrentModificationException occurs when a collection is modified while iterating over it.
• Occurs in Java when a collection is modified while being iterated over

• Can be resolved by using an Iterator to remove elements instead of directly modifying the collection

• Alternatively, use synchronized collections or ConcurrentHashMap to avoid this exception
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Q6. What is Spring Boot?
Ans. 
Spring Boot is a Java-based framework used to create standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications.
• Spring Boot simplifies the process of creating and deploying Spring applications.

• It provides a set of pre-configured tools and conventions to get started quickly.

• Spring Boot includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow for easy deployment.

• It allows for easy configuration through properties files or Y...read more
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Q7. What are microservices?
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Microservices are a software development technique where applications are composed of small, independent services that communicate with each other.
• Microservices are small, focused services that work together to form a complete application

• Each microservice is responsible for a specific function or feature

• Microservices communicate with each other through APIs

• Microservices can be developed, deployed, and scaled independen...read more
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Q8. Do microservices contain transactional data?
Ans. 
Yes, microservices can contain transactional data.
• Microservices can handle transactional data by using distributed transactions or event sourcing.

• Each microservice can manage its own database, which can include transactional data.

• Microservices can communicate with each other to ensure consistency in transactional data.

• Examples: E-commerce platform with separate microservices for inventory, orders, payments, etc.
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Q9. How can microservices be updated with new data?
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Microservices can be updated with new data by using versioning, rolling updates, blue-green deployments, and canary releases.
• Use versioning to manage different versions of microservices.

• Implement rolling updates to gradually update instances without downtime.

• Utilize blue-green deployments to switch between old and new versions seamlessly.

• Employ canary releases to test new data on a small subset of users before full dep
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Q10. What technologies can be used to update microservices with data?
Ans. 
Technologies like Kafka, RabbitMQ, and Apache Pulsar can be used to update microservices with data.
• Kafka

• RabbitMQ

• Apache Pulsar
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Q11. How do you configure login in Spring Boot?
Ans. 
To configure login in Spring Boot, you can use Spring Security to handle authentication and authorization.
• Add Spring Security dependency in your pom.xml file

• Create a class that extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter to configure security settings

• Override configure(HttpSecurity http) method to define login form, login processing URL, success and failure URLs

• Use @EnableWebSecurity annotation on your main application class
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Q12. How do you handle multiple data sources in Spring Boot?
Ans. 
Multiple data sources in Spring Boot can be handled using Spring Data JPA and configuring multiple data source beans.
• Use @Primary annotation to specify the primary data source bean

• Configure additional data sources in application.properties or application.yml file

• Use @Qualifier annotation to specify which data source to inject in a specific repository or service class
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Q13. Do you filter out duplicate employee records from a list?
Ans. 
Yes, I typically use a hash set or dictionary to filter out duplicate employee records from a list.
• Iterate through the list of employee records

• Use a hash set or dictionary to keep track of unique employee IDs

• Check each employee record against the hash set or dictionary to filter out duplicates
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Q14. How do you identify an object in a collection?
Ans. 
To identify an object in a collection, you can iterate through the collection and compare each object with the target object.
• Iterate through the collection using a loop

• Compare each object in the collection with the target object using a conditional statement

• Use a unique identifier or property of the object to match it with the target object

• Example: Identifying a specific student in a list of students by comparing their
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Q15. What is a REST API?
Ans. 
REST API is a set of rules and conventions for building and interacting with web services.
• REST stands for Representational State Transfer

• Uses standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

• Communicates over HTTP using JSON or XML

• Stateless, meaning each request from a client to server must contain all the information needed to understand the request
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Q16. How do you implement an authentication service in an application?
Ans. 
Implementing an authentication service involves creating a secure system for verifying user identities.
• Use encryption to securely store user passwords

• Implement multi-factor authentication for added security

• Utilize tokens or cookies for session management

• Integrate with OAuth or OpenID Connect for third-party authentication

• Implement rate limiting and account lockout mechanisms to prevent brute force attacks
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Q17. How does REST service return data and in which format?
Ans. 
REST services return data in JSON or XML format.
• Data is typically returned in JSON or XML format.

• JSON is more commonly used due to its simplicity and readability.

• REST services can also return data in other formats like HTML or plain text.

• Example: {"name": "John Doe", "age": 30}
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Q1. What is the role of the Spring Boot actuator?
Ans. 
Spring Boot actuator provides production-ready features to help monitor and manage your application.
• Provides endpoints to monitor application health, metrics, info, etc.

• Can be used to check the status of the application, database connections, and more.

• Allows customization and security configurations for the endpoints.
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Q2. How can you secure a spring boot application, especially in the context of a banking application? what are the basics of spring security?
Ans. 
Securing a Spring Boot application, especially in the context of a banking application, involves implementing Spring Security.
• Use Spring Security to handle authentication and authorization

• Implement secure communication using HTTPS

• Utilize role-based access control to restrict user permissions

• Enable CSRF protection to prevent cross-site request forgery attacks

• Implement secure password storage and session management
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Q3. How can you integrate Spring Data JPA with Spring Boot?
Ans. 
Integrating Spring Data JPA with Spring Boot allows for easy database operations in a Spring Boot application.
• Add Spring Data JPA dependency in pom.xml

• Create JPA entity classes annotated with @Entity

• Create a repository interface extending JpaRepository

• Use repository interface in service classes for database operations

• Configure application.properties with database connection details
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Q4. Can you explain the concept of Optional in Java?

Ans. 

Optional in Java is a container object which may or may not contain a non-null value.

• Optional was introduced in Java 8 to handle null values more effectively.

• It is used to avoid NullPointerExceptions by explicitly checking if a value is present before using it.

• Optional can be used with methods that may return null to indicate that the value may be absent.

• Example: Optional optionalName = Optional.ofNullable(name);

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