100+ TCS Interview Questions and Answers

Work flow and types of criteria of work

• Work flow refers to the sequence of steps involved in completing a task or project

• Criteria of work are the standards or requirements that must be met for the work to be considered successful

• Types of criteria include quality, efficiency, timeliness, and cost-effectiveness

• Effective work flow and criteria can improve productivity and ensure successful outcomes

Project deployment allows deploying multiple packages at once while package deployment deploys a single package.

• Project deployment is useful when deploying multiple packages that are related to each other.

• Package deployment is useful when deploying a single package or when the packages are not related to each other.

• Project deployment allows for easier management and version control of packages.

• Package deployment is faster and simpler than project deployment.

• In project deploym...read more

SAP MM (Materials Management) is a module in SAP ERP that deals with procurement and inventory management.

• SAP MM helps in managing materials procurement, inventory, and warehouse management.

• It includes functionalities like material master data, purchasing, goods receipt, and invoice verification.

• SAP MM integrates with other modules like SAP SD (Sales and Distribution) and SAP PP (Production Planning).

A simple program to print 'Hello, World!'

• Declare a string variable with the value 'Hello, World!'

• Print the string variable to the console

To handle drop down, use appropriate UI design, ensure clear labeling, limit options, and provide search functionality.

• Use clear and concise labels for each option

• Limit the number of options to avoid overwhelming the user

• Provide search functionality for easier navigation

• Ensure the drop down is easily accessible and visible on the screen

A C++ program to check if a given string is a palindrome or not.

• Create a character array to store the input string

• Use two pointers, one at the beginning and one at the end of the array

• Compare the characters at both pointers and move them towards each other until they meet

• If all characters match, the string is a palindrome

• If any character doesn't match, the string is not a palindrome

A functional interface is an interface with only one abstract method, used in Java to enable lambda expressions.

• Functional interfaces can have multiple default or static methods, but only one abstract method.

• Functional interfaces are used in Java to enable the use of lambda expressions.

• Examples of functional interfaces in Java include Runnable, Callable, and ActionListener.

Stack memory is used for static memory allocation and is limited in size, while heap memory is used for dynamic memory allocation and is larger.

• Stack memory is allocated at compile time and is used for static memory allocation, such as local variables and function call stack.

• Heap memory is allocated at runtime and is used for dynamic memory allocation, such as objects created using 'new' keyword in C++.

• Stack memory is limited in size and is typically smaller than heap memory....read more

Terraform lifecycle defines the stages of resource creation, modification, and deletion.

• Terraform lifecycle includes create, read, update, and delete stages.

• Each stage has its own set of actions and triggers.

• The create stage initializes the resource, read stage retrieves its current state, update stage modifies it, and delete stage removes it.

• Lifecycle hooks can be used to perform custom actions at specific stages.

• Example: A resource can have a create-time provisioner that in...read more

Kernel upgrades are done to improve security, performance, and add new features to the operating system.

• Enhances security by fixing vulnerabilities

• Improves performance by optimizing code

• Adds new features and functionalities

• Ensures compatibility with new hardware and software

Program to identify even and odd numbers in C

• Use the modulo operator (%) to check if a number is even or odd

• If a number is divisible by 2, it is even. Otherwise, it is odd

• Print the result for each number in a loop

ETL testing involves validating data extraction, transformation, and loading processes to ensure accuracy and reliability.

• Verify data extraction from source systems

• Check data transformation logic and mappings

• Validate data loading into target systems

• Perform data reconciliation to ensure completeness and accuracy

• Test data quality and integrity

To create a mutable class in Java, use the 'public' access modifier and provide setter methods for instance variables.

• Use the 'public' access modifier for the class

• Provide setter methods to modify instance variables

• Avoid using 'final' keyword for instance variables

The IT industry involves the development, implementation, and maintenance of technology-based solutions for various industries.

• IT industry is constantly evolving and adapting to new technologies and trends

• It involves software development, hardware manufacturing, and IT services

• IT solutions are used in various industries such as healthcare, finance, and retail

• IT professionals work in teams to design, develop, and implement solutions

• IT industry is highly competitive and require...read more

A cost function is a mathematical formula used to measure the cost of a particular decision or action.

• Cost function helps in evaluating the cost associated with different choices or decisions.

• It is commonly used in optimization problems to find the most cost-effective solution.

• Examples include linear cost functions, quadratic cost functions, and exponential cost functions.

The area of a triangle can be calculated using the formula: 0.5 * base * height

• Calculate the base and height of the triangle

• Plug the values into the formula: area = 0.5 * base * height

• The result will be the area of the triangle

SCD types refer to slowly changing dimensions in data warehousing, including Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3.

• Type 1 SCD: Overwrites old data with new data, losing historical information.

• Type 2 SCD: Maintains historical data by creating new records for changes.

• Type 3 SCD: Tracks changes by adding columns to the existing dimension table.

• SCD types are used to manage changes in dimension data in data warehousing.

• Example: Type 1 SCD is suitable for dimensions where historical data is n...read more

React hooks are functions that allow functional components to use state and lifecycle methods.

• useState() hook is used to manage state in functional components

• useEffect() hook is used to perform side effects in functional components

• useContext() hook is used to access context in functional components

• useReducer() hook is used to manage complex state in functional components

• useCallback() and useMemo() hooks are used to optimize performance by memoizing functions and values

Inspection type refers to the method used to inspect or examine products or materials for quality control purposes.

• Inspection type can include visual inspection, dimensional inspection, functional testing, etc.

• It helps in determining the quality and conformity of products to specified requirements.

• Different industries may have specific inspection types tailored to their products and processes.

• For example, in manufacturing, a visual inspection may be used to check for defects ...read more

Budget refers to a financial plan for a specific period, while accruals are expenses incurred but not yet paid.

• Budget is a financial plan outlining expected revenues and expenses for a specific period

• Accruals are expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid

• Budget helps in planning and controlling expenses, while accruals help in accurately reflecting financial position

• Example: A company creates a budget for the upcoming year, outlining expected sales and expenses. Accrua...read more

Sales Cloud is for managing sales processes while Service Cloud is for managing customer service and support.

• Sales Cloud is focused on lead and opportunity management, forecasting, and sales analytics.

• Service Cloud is focused on case management, customer support, and service analytics.

• Sales Cloud is ideal for businesses that prioritize sales and revenue generation.

• Service Cloud is ideal for businesses that prioritize customer satisfaction and support.

• Sales Cloud can be used t...read more

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and can have both abstract and non-abstract methods. Interfaces are a collection of abstract methods that cannot be instantiated.

• Abstract classes can have constructors, interfaces cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces, but can only inherit from one abstract class

• Abstract classes can have instance variables, interfaces cannot

• Interfaces can have default methods with implementation, abstract classes cannot

• Example...read more

Angular has several building blocks that form the foundation of the framework.

• Components: reusable UI elements

• Templates: define the structure and layout of the application

• Directives: extend HTML with custom behavior

• Services: provide functionality that can be shared across components

• Modules: organize the application into cohesive units

• Dependency Injection: manage the dependencies between components

• Routing: navigate between different views of the application

A latent defect is a fault in a product or service that is not immediately apparent but becomes noticeable over time.

• Not visible or detectable at the time of purchase or delivery

• Becomes apparent after a period of time or use

• Can lead to product failure or service issues

• Often covered by warranties or guarantees

• Examples: hidden structural damage in a house, software bugs that only appear after certain conditions are met

Cache memory is a type of high-speed memory that stores frequently used data for quick access.

• Cache memory is faster than main memory and closer to the CPU.

• It reduces the average time to access data from main memory.

• Cache memory is divided into levels, with each level having a different size and speed.

• Examples of cache memory include L1, L2, and L3 caches in CPUs.

• Cache memory can be volatile or non-volatile.

C is a low-level, procedural language while Python is a high-level, object-oriented language.

• C is compiled, Python is interpreted

• C requires manual memory management, Python has automatic memory management

• C is faster in execution, Python is easier to read and write

• C is used for system programming, Python is used for web development and data analysis

Swapping involves moving entire processes between main memory and disk, while paging involves moving individual pages of a process.

• Swapping moves entire processes in and out of main memory, while paging moves individual pages of a process.

• Swapping requires moving the entire process, including all of its pages, while paging only moves the necessary pages.

• Swapping is less efficient as it involves moving larger chunks of data, while paging is more efficient as it only moves the ...read more

Node.js is a runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript on the server side.

• Node.js is built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

• It uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model.

• Node.js is commonly used for building server-side applications and APIs.

• It allows for asynchronous programming using callbacks or promises.

• Node.js has a large ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, such as Express.js.

Promises are objects representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Promises are used in JavaScript to handle asynchronous operations.

• They can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Promises can be chained together using .then() method.

• They help in avoiding callback hell and writing cleaner asynchronous code.

React life cycle refers to the series of methods that are invoked in a component from its creation to destruction.

• Mounting: constructor(), static getDerivedStateFromProps(), render(), componentDidMount()

• Updating: static getDerivedStateFromProps(), shouldComponentUpdate(), render(), getSnapshotBeforeUpdate(), componentDidUpdate()

• Unmounting: componentWillUnmount()

• Error Handling: static getDerivedStateFromError(), componentDidCatch()

Budgeting is the process of creating a plan to manage income and expenses within a set timeframe.

• Involves estimating income and expenses

• Setting financial goals

• Monitoring and adjusting the budget as needed

• Examples: creating a monthly budget to track spending, saving for a vacation

Accrual is the process of recognizing revenues and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash is exchanged.

• Accrual accounting matches revenues to expenses in the same accounting period

• It provides a more accurate representation of a company's financial position

• Examples include recognizing revenue when services are provided, even if payment has not been received yet

Spring framework provides dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, and support for transaction management.

• Inversion of Control (IoC) container allows for loose coupling of components

• Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) enables separation of cross-cutting concerns

• Support for transaction management simplifies handling of database transactions

Annotations are used in Springboot to provide metadata about the application's components.

• Annotations are used to configure Springboot components such as controllers, services, repositories, etc.

• Examples of annotations in Springboot include @RestController, @Service, @Repository, @Autowired, @RequestMapping, etc.

Oops concept in Java refers to Object-Oriented Programming principles like inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object and only allows access through methods.

• Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object while hiding unnecessary details...read more

Normal REST API calls involve sending HTTP requests to a server to retrieve or manipulate data.

• REST API calls use standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

• API endpoints are URLs that specify the location of the resource being accessed

• API responses typically include status codes, headers, and data in JSON or XML format

Binary sort is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.

• Ensure the array is sorted before applying binary search.

• Compare the target value with the middle element of the array.

• If the target value is less than the middle element, search the left half of the array. If greater, search the right half.

• Repeat the process until the target value is found or the subarray is empty.

Hash Map is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses a hash function to map keys to their corresponding values.

• Hash Map uses a hash function to determine the index of the key-value pair in the underlying array.

• Collisions can occur when multiple keys hash to the same index, which can be resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing.

• Hash Map provides constant-time complexity O(1) for insertion, deletion, and retrieval operations on average.

Comparable is an interface used for comparing objects, while Comparator is a separate class used for custom sorting.

• Comparable interface is used to define the natural ordering of objects.

• Comparator class is used to define custom ordering of objects.

• Comparable interface is implemented by the class whose objects need to be compared.

• Comparator class can be used to sort objects of classes that do not implement Comparable interface.

I have experience working with a variety of tools including Salesforce, Tableau, and SQL.

• Salesforce

• Tableau

• SQL

Oops concepts of Java include inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object and only allows access through methods.

• Abstraction focuses on the essential features of an object while hiding unnecessary details.

Currently working on a project to optimize supply chain operations for a retail client.

• Analyzing current supply chain processes

• Identifying bottlenecks and inefficiencies

• Implementing technology solutions to streamline operations