TCS Interview Questions and Answers

Single linked list operations involve adding and deleting nodes in a linear data structure.

• To add a node, create a new node and set its next pointer to the current head, then set the head to the new node.

• To delete a node, traverse the list until the node to be deleted is found, then set the previous node's next pointer to the node after the one being deleted.

• Be careful to handle edge cases such as adding to an empty list or deleting the head node.

The OSI model has 7 layers that define how data is transmitted over a network.

• Layer 1: Physical layer - deals with the physical aspects of transmitting data

• Layer 2: Data link layer - responsible for error-free transfer of data between nodes

• Layer 3: Network layer - manages the routing of data between nodes

• Layer 4: Transport layer - ensures reliable delivery of data between applications

• Layer 5: Session layer - establishes and manages connections between applications

• Layer 6: Pre...read more

String operations programs manipulate and modify strings.

• Use built-in string functions like substring, replace, and split.

• Implement algorithms like string reversal, palindrome check, and string compression.

• Regular expressions can also be used for advanced string operations.

• Examples: reversing a string, counting occurrences of a substring, converting a string to title case.

Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.

• Divide the array into two halves

• Compare the target value with the middle element

• If the target value matches the middle element, return its position

• If the target value is less than the middle element, search the left half

• If the target value is greater than the middle element, search the right half

Resources type defines the structure of the data while traits define reusable properties and behaviors.

• Resources type specifies the structure of the data that can be accessed through the API endpoints.

• Traits define reusable properties and behaviors that can be applied to multiple resources or methods.

• Resources type is used to define the data model, while traits are used to define common functionalities like authentication, logging, etc.

Authentication verifies the identity of a user, while authorization determines what actions the user is allowed to perform.

• Authentication confirms the identity of a user through credentials like passwords or biometrics.

• Authorization controls access to resources based on the authenticated user's permissions.

• Example: Logging into a system with a username and password is authentication, while being able to view certain files based on user roles is authorization.