20+ Cadence Design Systems Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

To search for a node in a linked list, iterate through the list and compare each node's value with the target value.

• Start at the head of the linked list

• Iterate through each node by following the 'next' pointer

• Compare the value of each node with the target value

• Return the node if found, otherwise return null

To determine the metal width for routing, calculate the resistance and use it to find the required width.

• Calculate resistance using R = ρ * (L/A), where ρ is the resistivity of the metal, L is the distance between blocks, and A is the cross-sectional area of the metal.

• Use Ohm's Law (V = I * R) to find the voltage drop across the metal.

• Finally, use the voltage drop and current to determine the required metal width.

Block functionality of previous project involved data processing and storage. Layout started with floorplanning and power grid design.

• Implemented data processing block using Verilog HDL

• Designed storage block using flip-flops and registers

• Started layout with floorplanning to allocate space for different blocks

• Designed power grid to ensure proper distribution of power to all blocks

• Performed physical design tasks such as placement and routing

• Verified functionality through simula...read more

To detect a loop in a linked list, we can use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm.

• Initialize two pointers, slow and fast, at the head of the linked list.

• Move slow pointer by one step and fast pointer by two steps.

• If there is a loop, the two pointers will eventually meet.

• Alternatively, we can use a hash set to store visited nodes and check for duplicates.

Deleting a node from a linked list involves updating pointers to maintain the list's integrity.

• Identify the node to be deleted by traversing the list

• Update the previous node's next pointer to skip the node to be deleted

• Free the memory allocated to the node to be deleted

Matching is the process of comparing two or more items to determine if they are the same or similar.

• Matching involves comparing characteristics or features of items to find similarities or differences.

• Types of matching include pattern matching, string matching, and image matching.

• Matching is used in various fields such as computer science, psychology, and genetics.

• Example: Matching fingerprints to identify a suspect in a criminal investigation.

• Example: Matching job candidates...read more

Higher metal jumps are preferred over lower metal jumps for resolving antenna issues due to better signal propagation and reduced interference.

• Higher metal jumps provide better signal propagation and reduced interference compared to lower metal jumps.

• Higher metal jumps help in achieving better antenna performance and coverage.

• Lower metal jumps may result in signal degradation and increased interference.

• Higher metal jumps offer improved signal strength and quality for antennas...read more

The top view of a binary tree shows the nodes visible from the top when looking down from the root node.

• The top view of a binary tree is the set of nodes visible from the top when looking down from the root node.

• Nodes at the same horizontal distance from the root are considered at the same level in the top view.

• If multiple nodes are at the same horizontal distance, only the topmost node at that level is included in the top view.

• The top view can be obtained by performing a lev...read more

Command to find lines with 'ERROR' in log file and copy to new file

• Use grep command to search for 'ERROR' in log file: grep 'ERROR' logfile.txt

• Use redirection to copy the output to a new file: grep 'ERROR' logfile.txt > newfile.txt

Implement a stack using a singly linked list

• Create a Node class with data and next pointer

• Create a Stack class with top pointer pointing to the top of the stack

• Implement push, pop, and peek operations by manipulating the linked list

• Example: Node class - Node { int data; Node next; }

Latchup is a condition in integrated circuits where parasitic thyristors are inadvertently triggered, causing a high current flow.

• Latchup can be resolved by adding guard rings around sensitive components to prevent parasitic thyristors from triggering.

• Using layout techniques such as spacing sensitive components further apart can also help prevent latchup.

• Properly designing the power distribution network and ensuring proper grounding can also mitigate latchup issues.

Antenna effect is the phenomenon where the gate of a transistor behaves like an antenna, causing unwanted signal interference.

• Antenna effect occurs in integrated circuits due to the gate acting as an antenna and picking up external signals.

• It can lead to performance degradation and reliability issues in the circuit.

• To resolve antenna effect, techniques like adding shielding layers, changing layout design, and using guard rings can be employed.

• Simulation tools can also be used...read more

WPE stands for Water Pressure Equalization. It is a system used to maintain equal pressure in a water distribution network.

• WPE helps prevent water hammer, which can damage pipes and fittings.

• It ensures consistent water pressure throughout the network, even when demand fluctuates.

• Regular maintenance of valves, pumps, and pressure regulators is essential to ensure the WPE system functions properly.

Em&IR stands for Emissions and Immunity in the context of design engineering. Resolving these issues involves identifying sources of electromagnetic interference and implementing mitigation techniques.

• Em&IR refers to the study of electromagnetic emissions from electronic devices and their susceptibility to external interference.

• Common sources of electromagnetic interference include power supplies, motors, and wireless communication devices.

• To resolve Em&IR issues, design engi...read more

A C program to generate Fibonacci series

• Declare variables to store current and previous Fibonacci numbers

• Use a loop to calculate and print Fibonacci numbers

• Handle edge cases like 0 and 1 separately

A up counter circuit is a digital circuit that counts upwards in binary sequence.

• Use flip-flops to store the count value

• Connect the output of one flip-flop to the clock input of the next flip-flop

• Use logic gates to control the counting sequence

• Add a reset input to clear the count when needed

Reverse an array of strings

• Create a new array and iterate through the original array in reverse order, adding each element to the new array

• Use built-in array methods like reverse() or spread operator for a more concise solution

• Ensure to handle edge cases like empty array or null values

Add two numbers represented as arrays

• Iterate through the arrays from right to left, adding digits and carrying over if necessary

• Handle cases where one array is longer than the other

• Return the result as a new array

Access modifiers in Java control the visibility of classes, methods, and variables.

• There are four types of access modifiers in Java: public, protected, default (no modifier), and private.

• Public: accessible from any other class.

• Protected: accessible within the same package or subclasses.

• Default: accessible only within the same package.

• Private: accessible only within the same class.

• Example: public class MyClass {}