BMC Software Staff Product Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Asked about introduction and then few coding questions

Q1. Given a code, what will be the output of this?
Ans. 
The output of the code will be the sum of the elements in the given array.
• The code likely involves iterating through the array and adding up the elements.

• Make sure to handle edge cases like empty arrays or arrays with negative numbers.

• Example: If the array is [1, 2, 3], the output will be 6.
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Q2. What is a hashMap and difference between HashMap and concurrentHashMap
Ans. 
HashMap is a data structure in Java that stores key-value pairs. ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe version of HashMap.
• HashMap is not thread-safe, while ConcurrentHashMap is thread-safe.

• ConcurrentHashMap allows concurrent read and write operations without the need for external synchronization.

• HashMap allows null keys and values, while ConcurrentHashMap does not allow null keys or values.
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Q1. Min stack write code with full operation
Ans. 
A min stack is a stack data structure that supports the usual push and pop operations, along with an additional operation to retrieve the minimum element in constant time.
• Create a stack to store the elements and another stack to store the minimum values encountered so far.

• When pushing an element, check if it is smaller than the current minimum. If so, push it onto the minimum stack.

• When popping an element, check if it ...read more
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Q2. Graph and sql ,concept problem
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Q1. Merge Sort based tricky ques
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Q2. Island problem leetcode
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BST formation code in java

Q1. Multi Threading consumer producer
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Q2. User Defined Exceptions
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Q1. Scenario based question
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Q2. Work Life Balance
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions based on Spring.

Q1. What is Inversion of Control?
Ans. 
Inversion of Control is a design principle where the control flow of a program is inverted, with the framework controlling the flow.
• Inversion of Control allows for decoupling of components, making the code more modular and easier to maintain.

• Common examples of Inversion of Control include dependency injection and event listeners.

• Frameworks like Spring and Hibernate make use of Inversion of Control to manage object life
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Q2. What is dependency injection?
Ans. 
Dependency injection is a design pattern in which the dependencies of an object are provided externally rather than created within the object itself.
• In dependency injection, the dependencies of an object are injected into it from an external source, typically a framework or container.

• This helps in achieving loose coupling between classes, making the code more modular and easier to maintain.

• There are three common types ...read more
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Q3. What is the difference between constructor injection and setter injection in dependency injection?
Ans. 
Constructor injection passes dependencies through a class constructor, while setter injection uses setter methods.
• Constructor injection is done by passing dependencies as parameters to the constructor.

• Setter injection involves calling setter methods to set the dependencies after the object is created.

• Constructor injection ensures that all required dependencies are provided at the time of object creation.

• Setter injectio...read more
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Q4. Can you explain the prototype scope in Spring?
Ans. 
Prototype scope in Spring creates a new instance of the bean every time it is requested.
• Prototype scope is used when a new instance of the bean is required for each request.

• It is not thread-safe, as a new instance is created for each request.

• Example: If a bean is defined with prototype scope, a new instance will be created every time it is injected or requested.
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Q5. What are the different types of advice in Spring AOP?
Ans. 
Types of advice in Spring AOP include before, after, around, after-returning, and after-throwing.
• Before advice: Executed before the method invocation.

• After advice: Executed after the method invocation, regardless of its outcome.

• Around advice: Wraps around the method invocation, allowing for custom behavior before and after.

• After-returning advice: Executed after the method successfully returns a value.

• After-throwing adv...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions based on Java and Spring.

Q1. What is the Java Executor Framework?
Ans. 
Java Executor Framework is a framework provided by Java for managing and executing tasks asynchronously.
• It provides a way to manage threads and execute tasks concurrently.

• It includes interfaces like Executor, ExecutorService, and ScheduledExecutorService.

• It allows for better control over thread management and task execution compared to manually managing threads.

• Example: Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5) creates a thread
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Q2. What are the advantages of design patterns in Java?
Ans. 
Design patterns in Java provide reusable solutions to common problems, improving code quality and maintainability.
• Promotes code reusability by providing proven solutions to common design problems

• Improves code maintainability by following established best practices

• Enhances code readability by providing a common language for developers to communicate design ideas

• Helps in creating scalable and flexible software architectu...read more
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Q3. What are the different states of entity instances?
Ans. 
Entity instances can be in new, managed, detached, or removed states.
• New state: when an entity is first created but not yet associated with a persistence context.

• Managed state: when an entity is being managed by a persistence context and any changes made to it will be tracked.

• Detached state: when an entity was previously managed but is no longer associated with a persistence context.

• Removed state: when an entity is mar
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Q4. How do you implement the Java Executor Framework?
Ans. 
The Java Executor Framework provides a way to manage and execute tasks asynchronously in Java applications.
• Create an instance of ExecutorService using Executors class

• Submit tasks for execution using execute() or submit() methods

• Handle the results of the tasks using Future objects

• Shutdown the ExecutorService when tasks are completed using shutdown() method
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Q5. What are the benefits of the Java Executor Framework?
Ans. 
The Java Executor Framework provides a way to manage and control the execution of tasks in a multithreaded environment.
• Allows for easy management of thread pools, reducing overhead of creating new threads for each task.

• Provides a way to schedule tasks for execution at a specific time or with a delay.

• Supports task cancellation and interruption.

• Facilitates handling of task dependencies and coordination between tasks.

• Offe...read more
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

HR round with typical behavioral problems

Q1. Leetcode 2sum,3sum,closest sum,merge 2 sorted linked lists Questions
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Q2. Leetcode merge 2 sorted linkedlists
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Q1. Detect cycle in directed graph
Ans. 
Detect cycle in directed graph using depth-first search algorithm.
• Use depth-first search (DFS) algorithm to traverse the graph.

• Maintain a visited set to keep track of visited nodes.

• If a node is visited again during traversal, there is a cycle in the graph.
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Q1. My skills , introduction, hobbies
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Q1. Self study introduction , how much salary prepared
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Q1. How do you explain a C student to use Java
Ans. 
Explain the basics of Java in a simple and practical way, focusing on hands-on examples and real-world applications.
• Start by explaining the basic syntax and structure of Java code

• Use simple examples to demonstrate concepts like variables, loops, and functions

• Show how Java is used in real-world applications, such as building websites or mobile apps
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Q2. What is memory management
Ans. 
Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running programs.
• Memory allocation - assigning memory blocks to programs as needed

• Memory deallocation - releasing memory blocks when no longer needed

• Memory fragmentation - the division of memory into small blocks leading to inefficient use

• Memory leaks - when a program fails to release memory aft...read more
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