20+ Birlasoft Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Clustered index physically reorders the data in the table while non-clustered index does not.

• Clustered index determines the physical order of data in the table, while non-clustered index does not.

• A table can have only one clustered index, but multiple non-clustered indexes.

• Clustered index is faster for retrieval but slower for insert and update operations, while non-clustered index is the opposite.

• Example: Primary key in a table is usually implemented as a clustered index, wh...read more

SSRS is a server-based reporting platform that allows users to create, manage, and deliver reports.

• SSRS allows users to create interactive, tabular, graphical, or free-form reports from various data sources.

• Reports can be published to a centralized report server for easy access by users.

• Users can schedule report generation and delivery, as well as subscribe to reports for automated distribution.

• SSRS supports a wide range of data sources including SQL Server, Oracle, ODBC, OLE...read more

Merge transformation combines two datasets into one, while Merge-Join transformation combines two datasets based on a common key.

• Merge transformation combines rows from two datasets into a single dataset without any condition.

• Merge-Join transformation combines rows from two datasets based on a common key or condition.

• Merge transformation is used for combining unrelated datasets, while Merge-Join is used for joining related datasets.

• Example: Merge transformation can be used to...read more

Junk dimension contains non-additive, unrelated attributes. Degenerate dimension is a dimension key without its own dimension table.

• Junk dimension combines several low-cardinality attributes into a single dimension table.

• Degenerate dimension is a dimension key stored in fact table, not having its own dimension table.

• Example of junk dimension: combining flags like 'is_active', 'is_deleted' into a single table.

• Example of degenerate dimension: order number in a sales fact table.

Types of facts in data warehousing include additive, semi-additive, and non-additive facts.

• Additive facts: can be summed up across all dimensions. Example: sales amount.

• Semi-additive facts: can be summed up across some dimensions but not all. Example: inventory levels.

• Non-additive facts: cannot be summed up across any dimension. Example: average temperature.

Conditional split transaction in SSIS is used to route data based on specified conditions.

• Conditional split is a control flow component in SSIS.

• It evaluates a specified condition for each row of data and routes the rows to different outputs based on the result.

• Example: Route all orders with quantity greater than 100 to one output and all others to a different output.

Merge combines two sorted datasets into one, while Union All combines two datasets without sorting.

• Merge Transformation requires sorted input datasets, while Union All does not.

• Merge Transformation combines two datasets into one based on a common key column.

• Union All Transformation simply appends two datasets together.

• Merge Transformation can remove duplicates, while Union All cannot.

• Merge Transformation can have up to four inputs, while Union All can only have two.

Annotations used in project: @Component, @Bean. Difference: @Component is a generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component, while @Bean is used to explicitly declare a Spring bean.

• Annotations used in project: @Component, @Bean

• @Component is a generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component

• @Bean is used to explicitly declare a Spring bean

Abstraction is hiding unnecessary details while Encapsulation is hiding implementation details.

• Abstraction focuses on the outside view of an object while Encapsulation focuses on the inside view of an object.

• Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces while Encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like private, public, protected.

• Abstraction is used to reduce complexity and increase efficiency while Encapsulation is used to protect the data from u...read more

Missileware is a type of software used in missile systems, while a filter is a program that screens data.

• Missileware is designed to control and guide missiles, while filters are used to sort and block data.

• Missileware is typically used in military applications, while filters are used in various industries such as email and internet security.

• Examples of missileware include guidance systems for missiles, while examples of filters include spam filters and content filters.

Conditional Split Transformation is a data flow transformation in SSIS that routes data based on specified conditions.

• It is used in SSIS to split data based on conditions

• It has one input and multiple outputs

• Each output has a condition that determines whether the data is sent to that output

• It can be used to filter data, route data to different destinations, or perform different transformations on data based on conditions

There are two types of facts: objective and subjective.

• Objective facts are based on measurable data and can be proven true or false.

• Subjective facts are based on personal opinions and experiences.

• Objective facts include the temperature outside, the weight of an object, and the time of day.

• Subjective facts include whether a movie is good or bad, whether a painting is beautiful or ugly, and whether a food tastes good or bad.

There are three types of dimensions: conformed, degenerate, and junk.

• Conformed dimensions are shared across multiple fact tables.

• Degenerate dimensions are attributes that do not have a dimension table.

• Junk dimensions are a collection of flags and indicators that do not fit in any other dimension.

Find 2nd highest number from an array of strings

• Convert array of strings to array of integers

• Sort the array in descending order

• Return the second element in the sorted array

HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to quickly retrieve values based on keys.

• HashMap internally uses an array of linked lists to store key-value pairs.

• When a key-value pair is added, the key is hashed to determine the index in the array where it will be stored.

• If multiple keys hash to the same index, a linked list is used to handle collisions.

• To retrieve a value, the key is hashed again to find the index and then the linked list is searche...read more

SSRS Architecture is a three-tier architecture consisting of a client, application server, and database server.

• Client sends a request to the application server

• Application server processes the request and retrieves data from the database server

• Data is then sent back to the application server and rendered in the client

• Report Server manages the report processing and rendering

• Report Manager provides a web-based interface for managing reports

Java Collections framework provides a set of interfaces and classes to store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Collections framework includes interfaces like List, Set, and Map, along with classes like ArrayList, HashSet, and HashMap.

• Internal implementation of collections varies based on the specific collection type.

• For example, ArrayList uses an array to store elements, while LinkedList uses a doubly linked list.

• HashMap uses a hash table to store key-value pairs efficiently.

Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise and readable way.

• Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, which can be implemented using lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with collections of objects in a functional style.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Optional class help...read more

Microservice design pattern is an architectural style where an application is composed of small, independent services that communicate over well-defined APIs.

• Each service is responsible for a specific business function

• Services are loosely coupled and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently

• Communication between services is typically done through lightweight protocols like HTTP or messaging queues

• Microservices allow for better fault isolation and scalability

• Example...read more

Indexes are used to improve database performance by allowing faster data retrieval.

• Clustered index: sorts and stores data rows in the table based on their key values.

• Non-clustered index: creates a separate structure that includes the indexed columns and a pointer to the data row.

• Unique index: ensures that the indexed columns contain unique values.

• Covering index: includes all the columns needed to satisfy a query, so the query can be answered from the index alone.

• Full-text ind...read more

SOLID is a set of five design principles to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the program's correctness.

• I - Interface Segregation...read more