AtkinsRealis Trainee Interview Questions and Answers

Java is platform independent due to its bytecode and JVM.

• Java code is compiled into bytecode which is platform-independent.

• JVM (Java Virtual Machine) interprets the bytecode and executes it on any platform.

• JVM acts as an abstraction layer between the Java code and the underlying hardware.

• This allows Java programs to run on any platform that has a JVM installed.

• For example, a Java program written on a Windows machine ca...read more

Call by value and call by reference are two ways of passing arguments to a function in programming.

• Call by value passes a copy of the value to the function.

• Call by reference passes the memory address of the value to the function.

• In call by value, changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original value.

• In call by reference, changes made to the parameter inside the function affect the original ...read more

Sorting is the process of arranging elements in a specific order.

• Sorting is used to organize data in a meaningful way.

• It can be done in ascending or descending order.

• Common sorting algorithms include bubble sort, insertion sort, and quicksort.

Pre increment and post increment are unary operators used to increment the value of a variable by 1.

• Pre increment (++x) increments the value of x and then returns the new value.

• Post increment (x++) returns the value of x and then increments it.

• Both operators are commonly used in loops and can also be used with other arithmetic operations.

• Pre increment is faster than post increment as it does not require a temporary var

Exception handling is the process of handling errors and unexpected events in a program.

• It allows a program to gracefully handle errors and prevent crashes.

• It involves catching and handling exceptions that occur during program execution.

• Common techniques include try-catch blocks and throwing custom exceptions.

• Examples of exceptions include null pointer exceptions and divide by zero errors.

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle.

• It is a process used to design, develop, and test software.

• It includes phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of deliverables and goals.

• It helps ensure that software is developed efficiently and meets user requirements.

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps.

ACID properties are a set of properties that ensure database transactions are processed reliably.

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work.

• Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another.

• Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other.

• Du...read more