Athenahealth Technology
20+ Sandip Electronics And Automation Interview Questions and Answers
Q1. Maximum Subarray Sum Problem Statement
Given an array arr
of length N
consisting of integers, find the sum of the subarray (including empty subarray) with the maximum sum among all subarrays.
Explanation:
A sub...read more
Find the sum of the subarray with the maximum sum among all subarrays in a given array.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum sum subarray seen so far.
Use Kadane's algorithm to efficiently find the maximum subarray sum.
Consider the case where all elements in the array are negative.
Handle the case where the array contains only one element.
Q2. Rectangular Numbers Problem Statement
Ninja has a number 'N'. Your task is to generate a pattern where the outer rectangle is filled with the number 'N', and as you move inward, the numbers decrease consecutive...read more
Generate a pattern with outer rectangle filled with number 'N' and decreasing consecutively inward.
Start by filling the outermost rectangle with the number 'N'.
Decrease the numbers consecutively as you move inward towards the center.
Continue this pattern until you reach the center of the rectangle.
Q3. Flipping Coins Problem
Gary has N coins placed in a straight line. Some coins have their head side up, and others have the tail side up.
Convention:
1 denotes the HEAD side is up.
0 denotes the TAIL side is up....read more
Find the maximum number of head-side up coins by flipping a continuous segment of coins.
Iterate through the array and calculate the maximum number of head-side up coins without flipping.
Iterate through the array and calculate the maximum number of head-side up coins after flipping a continuous segment.
Compare the results from the above two steps to find the maximum number of head-side up coins obtainable.
Q4. First Missing Positive Problem Statement
You are provided with an integer array ARR
of length 'N'. Your objective is to determine the first missing positive integer using linear time and constant space. This me...read more
Find the smallest positive integer missing from an array of integers.
Iterate through the array and mark positive integers as visited by changing the sign of the corresponding index.
After marking, iterate again to find the first positive integer with a positive value, which will be the smallest missing positive integer.
Handle edge cases like all negative numbers, duplicates, and missing 1 separately.
Q5. Problem: kth Missing Element in a Sequence
Given a strictly increasing sequence of integers VEC
, identify the Kth
missing contiguous integer element that is not present in the sequence, starting from the leftmo...read more
Find the kth missing element in a sequence of integers.
Iterate through the sequence to find missing elements.
Keep track of the count of missing elements found.
Return the kth missing element once count reaches k.
Q6. Sudoku Solver Problem Statement
Given a 9 x 9 2D matrix 'MATRIX', where some cells are filled with digits (1-9) and others are empty (denoted by 0), determine if there is a way to fill the empty cells such that...read more
The task is to determine if a given 9x9 Sudoku puzzle can be solved.
Check if each row, column, and 3x3 subgrid contains all numbers from 1 to 9 without repetition.
Iterate through each empty cell and try filling it with a valid number, then recursively check if the puzzle can be solved.
If all empty cells are filled without violating Sudoku rules, output 'yes'; otherwise, output 'no'.
Q7. Heap Sort Problem Statement
Given an array ARR
consisting of N
integers, your task is to use the Heap sort algorithm to arrange the array in non-decreasing order.
Input:
The first line of the input contains an ...read more
Implement the Heap sort algorithm to arrange an array in non-decreasing order.
Implement the Heap sort algorithm to sort the given array in non-decreasing order
Use a max heap to sort the array in non-decreasing order
Time complexity of Heap sort is O(n log n)
Q8. Reverse the String Problem Statement
You are given a string STR
which contains alphabets, numbers, and special characters. Your task is to reverse the string.
Example:
Input:
STR = "abcde"
Output:
"edcba"
Input...read more
Reverse a given string containing alphabets, numbers, and special characters.
Iterate through the string from the end to the beginning and append each character to a new string.
Use built-in functions like reverse() or StringBuilder in languages like Python or Java for efficient reversal.
Handle special characters and numbers along with alphabets while reversing the string.
Ensure to consider the constraints provided in the problem statement.
Test the solution with different test ...read more
Q9. Binary Array Sorting Problem Statement
You are provided with a binary array, i.e., an array containing only 0s and 1s. Your task is to sort this binary array and return it after sorting.
Input:
The first line ...read more
Yes, the binary array sorting problem can be solved in linear time and constant space using a single traversal.
Use two pointers approach to swap 0s to the left and 1s to the right.
Maintain two pointers, one for 0s and one for 1s, and swap elements accordingly.
Example: Input: [1, 0, 1, 0, 1], Output: [0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
Q10. N Queens Problem
Given an integer N
, find all possible placements of N
queens on an N x N
chessboard such that no two queens threaten each other.
Explanation:
A queen can attack another queen if they are in the...read more
The N Queens Problem involves finding all possible placements of N queens on an N x N chessboard without threatening each other.
Use backtracking algorithm to explore all possible configurations.
Keep track of rows, columns, and diagonals to ensure queens do not threaten each other.
Generate valid configurations recursively and backtrack when a solution is not possible.
Q11. K Largest Elements Problem Statement
Given an unsorted array containing 'N' integers, you are required to find 'K' largest elements from the array and return them in non-decreasing order.
Input:
The first line ...read more
Implement a function to find K largest elements in an unsorted array in non-decreasing order.
Create a min heap of size K and insert the first K elements of the array
For each remaining element, if it is larger than the root of the heap, replace the root with the element and heapify
Finally, the heap will contain the K largest elements in non-decreasing order
Q12. Word Distance Calculation
Given a document represented as an array/list ARR
of words with length N
, find the smallest distance between two given words for multiple queries. The distance is defined as the differ...read more
Find the smallest distance between two words in a document for multiple queries.
Iterate through the document to find the indices of the given words in the document array.
Calculate the distance between the two indices for each query.
Return the smallest distance or 'N' if a word from the query is not present in the document.
Q13. Cycle Detection in a Singly Linked List
Determine if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle or not.
A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next
points back to a previous node in the list. T...read more
Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next points back to a previous node.
Traverse the linked list using two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other
If the two pointers meet at any point, there is a cycle in the linked list
If one of the pointers reaches the end of the list (null), there is no cycle
Q14. Level Order Traversal Problem Statement
Given a binary tree of integers, return the level order traversal of the binary tree.
Input:
The first line contains an integer 'T', representing the number of test cases...read more
The task is to implement a function that returns the level order traversal of a binary tree given in level order.
Create a queue to store nodes for level order traversal
Start with the root node and enqueue it
While the queue is not empty, dequeue a node, print its value, and enqueue its children
Repeat until all nodes are traversed
Q15. Search in a Row-wise and Column-wise Sorted Matrix Problem Statement
You are given an N * N matrix of integers where each row and each column is sorted in increasing order. Your task is to find the position of ...read more
Given a sorted N * N matrix, find the position of a target integer 'X'.
Start from the top-right corner of the matrix and compare the target with the element at that position.
Based on the comparison, move left or down in the matrix to narrow down the search.
Repeat the process until the target is found or the search goes out of bounds.
Return the position of the target if found, else return {-1, -1}.
Q16. Next Greater Element Problem Statement
You are given an array arr
of length N
. For each element in the array, find the next greater element (NGE) that appears to the right. If there is no such greater element, ...read more
The task is to find the next greater element for each element in an array to its right, if no greater element exists, return -1.
Iterate through the array from right to left and use a stack to keep track of elements.
Pop elements from the stack until a greater element is found or the stack is empty.
Store the next greater element for each element in the output array.
Q17. Remove Character from String Problem Statement
Given a string str
and a character 'X', develop a function to eliminate all instances of 'X' from str
and return the resulting string.
Input:
The first line contai...read more
Develop a function to remove all instances of a given character from a string.
Iterate through the string and build a new string excluding the specified character.
Use a StringBuilder or similar data structure for efficient string manipulation.
Handle edge cases like empty string or character not found in the input string.
Ensure the function completes within the given time constraint.
Q18. Triangle of Numbers Pattern
Ninja is tasked with printing a triangle pattern based on a given number 'N' for any test case.
Example:
Input:
N = 4
Output:
1
232
34545
4567654
Explanation:
The pattern comprises n...read more
Print a triangle pattern of numbers based on a given number 'N'.
Iterate through each row and column to determine the numbers to print
Use a combination of spaces and numbers to align the pattern correctly
Increment the numbers in each row based on the row number
Q19. Convert Binary Tree to Mirror Tree
Convert a given binary tree into its mirror tree, where the left and right children of all non-leaf nodes are interchanged.
Input:
An integer ‘T’ denoting the number of test c...read more
Convert a binary tree into its mirror tree by interchanging left and right children of non-leaf nodes.
Traverse the tree in postorder fashion and swap the left and right children of each node.
Use recursion to solve the problem efficiently.
Modify the binary tree in place without creating a new tree.
Q20. Form a Triangle Problem Statement
You are provided with an integer array/list ARR
of length N. Your task is to determine if it is possible to construct at least one non-degenerate triangle using the values of t...read more
Check if it is possible to form a non-degenerate triangle using the sides provided in the array.
Check if the sum of any two sides is greater than the third side for all combinations.
If any such combination exists, return true; otherwise, return false.
Handle multiple test cases as per the constraints provided.
Pirates follow a specific ranking system to divide 100 gold coins among themselves.
Pirate 1 proposes a division of coins.
All pirates, including the proposer, vote on the proposal.
If majority agree, the coins are divided as proposed. If not, the proposer is thrown overboard and Pirate 2 makes a new proposal.
This process continues until a majority agree on a proposal.
Pirates are greedy and will always vote to throw someone overboard if they can get more coins in the next round.
Hash Table is better for fast lookups and insertions, while B Tree is better for range queries and ordered traversal.
Use Hash Table for fast lookups and insertions with O(1) average time complexity.
Use B Tree for range queries and ordered traversal with O(log n) time complexity.
Consider the size of the dataset and the specific operations needed to determine the best data structure.
The minimum number of planes required to go around the world is one.
One plane can fly around the world without needing to stop.
The plane can refuel mid-air or carry enough fuel for the entire journey.
Examples: Non-stop flights like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner or Airbus A350 can circumnavigate the globe with one plane.
BST is a binary tree structure where each node has at most two children, while Tries are tree structures used for storing strings.
BST is used for searching, inserting, and deleting elements in a sorted manner.
Tries are used for storing and searching strings efficiently.
BST has a hierarchical structure with left and right child nodes.
Tries have nodes representing characters, forming a tree-like structure for strings.
Example: BST can be used to store numbers in sorted order, wh...read more
Indexing in databases is a technique used to improve the speed of data retrieval by creating a data structure that allows for quick lookups.
Indexes are created on specific columns in a database table to speed up queries that search for data in those columns.
Indexes work similar to the index of a book, allowing the database to quickly locate the desired data without having to scan the entire table.
Examples of indexes include primary keys, unique keys, and composite indexes.
Wit...read more
Virtual functions are functions in a base class that are overridden in derived classes, allowing for polymorphic behavior.
Virtual functions are declared in a base class with the 'virtual' keyword.
They are meant to be overridden in derived classes to provide specific implementations.
They allow for polymorphism, where a pointer to a base class can call a derived class's overridden function.
Example: virtual void display() = 0; // pure virtual function in C++
Interview Process at Sandip Electronics And Automation
Top Software Developer Interview Questions from Similar Companies
Reviews
Interviews
Salaries
Users/Month