60+ Interview Questions and Answers

Sort array of strings based on frequency of digits in each element.

• Create a dictionary to store frequency of digits in each element.

• Sort the array based on the frequency of digits using the dictionary.

• Handle ties by sorting based on the original order of elements.

Distributed systems are a network of independent computers that work together to achieve a common goal. Security can be maintained through encryption, authentication, access control, and monitoring.

• Distributed systems consist of multiple computers that communicate and coordinate actions to achieve a common goal.

• Security in distributed systems can be maintained through encryption of data in transit and at rest.

• Authentication mechanisms such as passwords, tokens, or biometrics ...read more

DeMux is short for Demultiplexer. It is a digital circuit that takes one input and directs it to multiple outputs.

• DeMux is used in digital communication systems to separate signals that have been combined for transmission.

• It is also used in computer memory systems to select a specific memory location.

• DeMux is used in video and audio systems to separate different channels of information.

• It is used in automation systems to control multiple devices with a single input signal.

The doctor is the son's mother.

• The doctor is a woman, who is the mother of the son.

• The question challenges gender stereotypes.

• The answer highlights the need for diversity and inclusivity in all fields.

• Similar scenarios can occur in other professions where assumptions are made based on gender.

Program to print a given string in reverse

• Create a character array of the given string

• Loop through the array from end to start and print each character

Yes, I am comfortable working for Testing.

• I have experience in testing and understand its importance in software development.

• I am willing to learn new testing techniques and tools.

• I am comfortable working with testing teams and collaborating with them to ensure quality software.

• I understand the importance of testing in ensuring customer satisfaction and reducing costs.

• Examples: I have experience in manual and automated testing, regression testing, and performance testing.

Container orchestration tools are crucial for managing the deployment, scaling, and monitoring of large complex systems.

• Container orchestration tools help automate the deployment and scaling of containerized applications, making it easier to manage large complex systems.

• They provide features like service discovery, load balancing, health checks, and auto-scaling, which are essential for ensuring high availability and performance.

• Popular container orchestration tools include K...read more

Mux is a device that selects one of several input signals and forwards the selected input into a single output line.

• Mux stands for Multiplexer.

• It is used in digital circuits to select one of several input signals and forward the selected input into a single output line.

• It is used in communication systems to combine multiple signals into a single channel for transmission.

• It is used in video and audio systems to switch between different sources.

• It is used in computer memory to ...read more

Backend architecture design for an online e-commerce platform involves designing a scalable, secure, and reliable system.

• Choose a suitable database management system (DBMS) based on the requirements

• Use a microservices architecture to break down the system into smaller, independent services

• Implement caching mechanisms to improve performance

• Ensure data security by implementing encryption, access control, and regular backups

• Use load balancing and auto-scaling to handle traffic s...read more

Internal implementation of HashMap and Publisher-Subscriber concept in core Java.

• HashMap in Java is implemented using an array of linked lists and hash codes to store key-value pairs.

• Publisher-Subscriber pattern in Java involves one object (the publisher) sending updates to multiple other objects (subscribers).

• Polymorphism in Java allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Abstraction in Java involves hiding the implementation details ...read more

Map and unordered_map are associative containers that store elements in key-value pairs.

• Map is implemented as a balanced binary tree while unordered_map is implemented as a hash table.

• Map stores elements in sorted order based on the key while unordered_map does not guarantee any specific order.

• Map has a slower insertion and deletion time complexity than unordered_map.

• Map is useful when we need to maintain elements in a sorted order while unordered_map is useful when we need f...read more

One person picked the egg with another egg inside.

• One of the eggs had another egg inside

• One person picked the egg with another egg inside

• The basket still contains 1 egg because the egg with another egg inside was picked

Selenium is widely used for web automation while Cypress is a newer tool with better performance and debugging capabilities.

• Selenium supports multiple programming languages while Cypress only supports JavaScript.

• Cypress has a built-in test runner and debugger while Selenium requires third-party tools.

• Selenium is better for cross-browser testing while Cypress is better for end-to-end testing.

• Choose Selenium for larger and more complex projects while Cypress is better for small...read more

The two sons were born in different time zones.

• The mother gave birth to the first son in one time zone and then traveled to another time zone where she gave birth to the second son.

• The time difference between the two time zones is such that the two sons were born at the same hour, same day, same year.

• For example, if the first son was born at 11 pm on January 1st in New York, and the mother traveled to Los Angeles where the time is 3 hours behind, the second son would be born ...read more

API is a set of protocols for building software while Webservice is a type of API that uses HTTP for communication.

• API is a set of protocols for building software applications

• Webservice is a type of API that uses HTTP for communication

• API can be used for both internal and external communication

• Webservice is typically used for external communication over the internet

• API can be in any form like REST, SOAP, etc.

• Webservice is always in the form of SOAP

Various automation frameworks like keyword-driven, data-driven, hybrid, and behavior-driven are commonly used in software testing.

• Keyword-driven framework: Tests are written using keywords and actions.

• Data-driven framework: Tests are driven by data sets.

• Hybrid framework: Combination of multiple frameworks.

• Behavior-driven framework: Focuses on behavior of the system.

• Page Object Model (POM): Organizes code by separating web pages and their elements.

Amadeus Labs is a leading technology company in the travel industry.

• Amadeus Labs provides opportunities to work on cutting-edge technologies.

• The company has a strong focus on innovation and research.

• Amadeus Labs has a global presence and offers a diverse and inclusive work environment.

• Working at Amadeus Labs provides the opportunity to make a real impact on the travel industry.

• The company values work-life balance and offers a range of benefits to employees.

Explaining type script and java script arrow function loops with if else condition.

• TypeScript and JavaScript both support arrow functions for concise syntax.

• Arrow functions can be used in loops to simplify code.

• If-else conditions can be used with arrow functions to add logic.

• Example: const numbers = [1, 2, 3]; numbers.forEach(num => {if(num % 2 === 0) {console.log(num + ' is even');} else {console.log(num + ' is odd');}});

Decoder converts encoded data into a readable format while Demux separates a single input into multiple outputs.

• Decoder is used to decode encoded data such as binary data into a readable format.

• Demux is used to separate a single input into multiple outputs based on the control signals.

• Decoder is a combinational circuit while Demux is a sequential circuit.

• Decoder is used in applications such as remote controls, computer memory, and communication systems.

• Demux is used in applic...read more

Sort a given array of strings

• Use built-in sorting functions in programming languages

• Implement sorting algorithms like bubble sort, merge sort, etc.

• Consider case sensitivity and special characters

Pesticide paradox refers to the phenomenon where pests develop resistance to pesticides over time.

• Pesticides are used to kill pests, but over time pests develop resistance to them

• This happens because the pests that are resistant to the pesticide survive and reproduce, passing on their resistance to their offspring

• This can lead to the need for stronger and more toxic pesticides, which can have negative environmental and health effects

• Integrated pest management strategies can h...read more

Use indexing to access individual characters from a string.

• Use square brackets and the index number to access a specific character in the string.

• Remember that indexing starts at 0 in most programming languages.

• Example: str = 'hello', to get the first character 'h', use str[0].

The maximum number of repeating characters in a string needs to be determined.

• Iterate through each character in the string and keep track of the count of consecutive repeating characters.

• Update the maximum count whenever a new maximum is found.

• Return the maximum count at the end of the iteration.

I ingested Kafka data using Kafka Connect and performed data processing and analysis on a daily basis.

• Used Kafka Connect to ingest data from various sources into Kafka topics

• Developed custom Kafka Connect connectors for specific data sources

• Utilized Kafka Streams for real-time data processing and analysis

• Worked with schema registry for data serialization and deserialization

Check if a string is a palindrome

• Iterate through each string in the array

• For each string, compare characters from start and end to check if it's a palindrome

• Return true if all strings are palindromes, false otherwise

I have used various project management tools throughout my career.

• I have experience with popular project management tools such as Microsoft Project, Jira, and Trello.

• I am proficient in using Gantt charts to track project progress and dependencies.

• I have utilized collaboration tools like Asana and Basecamp to facilitate team communication and task management.

• I have also worked with Agile project management tools like Scrum and Kanban boards.

• In addition, I have used project man...read more

Deployment is a way to manage and update applications in Kubernetes. StatefulSet is used for stateful applications with unique identities.

• Deployment is used for stateless applications, while StatefulSet is used for stateful applications.

• Deployment manages replica sets and ensures a desired state is maintained.

• StatefulSet maintains a unique identity for each pod, making it suitable for applications that require stable and unique network identifiers or persistent storage.

• Statef...read more

Challenges in Test Automation include dynamic UI elements, maintenance of scripts, data management, and flakiness.

• Dynamic UI elements can cause scripts to fail if not handled properly

• Maintenance of scripts can be time-consuming as applications evolve

• Data management is crucial for test data setup and cleanup

• Flakiness of tests can lead to false positives or negatives

OS scheduling is the process by which the operating system manages the execution of multiple tasks on a computer system.

• OS scheduling involves determining which tasks should run, when they should run, and for how long.

• Different scheduling algorithms can be used, such as First Come First Serve, Round Robin, and Priority Scheduling.

• The goal of OS scheduling is to optimize system performance, throughput, and response time.

• Scheduling decisions are made based on factors like task ...read more

Print the Fibonacci series using code.

• Use a loop to generate the Fibonacci series

• Start with the first two numbers (0 and 1) and then add the previous two numbers to get the next number

• Continue this process until reaching the desired length of the series

To convert a red project to green, identify the root causes of the issues, develop a plan, and execute it effectively.

• Analyze the project to identify the reasons for its current state

• Address any underlying issues or challenges

• Develop a detailed plan with clear objectives, milestones, and timelines

• Assign responsibilities to team members and ensure clear communication

• Monitor progress regularly and make necessary adjustments

• Implement effective risk management strategies

• Leverage ...read more

A webservice is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.

• Webservices use standardized protocols such as HTTP, XML, SOAP, and REST.

• They allow different applications to communicate with each other regardless of the programming language or platform used.

• Webservices can be used for a variety of purposes such as data exchange, business process integration, and application integration.

• Examples of webservices include Google Ma...read more

Printing even and odd numbers using two threads in Java

• Create two threads, one for even numbers and one for odd numbers

• Use a loop to iterate through the numbers and print them

• Use synchronization to ensure alternate printing of even and odd numbers

• Use wait() and notify() methods to control the execution of threads

Reverse a string without any library function.

• Create an empty string to store the reversed string

• Loop through the original string from end to start

• Append each character to the empty string

• Return the reversed string

Comparator and Comparable are interfaces used for sorting objects in Java.

• Comparator interface is used to sort objects based on custom criteria.

• Comparable interface is used to sort objects based on their natural order.

• Comparator interface has two methods: compare() and equals().

• Comparable interface has one method: compareTo().

XPath is a language used for locating nodes in an XML document.

• XPath stands for XML Path Language.

• It is used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document.

• XPath uses path expressions to select nodes or node-sets in an XML document.

• Example: //bookstore/book selects all book elements that are children of the bookstore element.

An Anagram program compares two strings to see if they are rearrangements of each other.

• Create a function that takes in two strings as input

• Remove any spaces and convert both strings to lowercase for accurate comparison

• Sort the characters in both strings and compare them to check if they are anagrams

• Return true if they are anagrams, false otherwise

Lazy loading is a design pattern where resources are loaded only when needed.

• Lazy loading helps improve performance by loading resources on demand.

• Commonly used in web development for images, videos, and other media content.

• Example: Loading images on a webpage only when they come into view.

The question is about the common header file in C++.

• The header file is used for input/output operations in C++.

• It provides classes like cin and cout for reading and writing data.

• It also includes classes for file input/output operations like ifstream and ofstream.

• The header file can be included in a C++ program using the #include directive.

Managing scope involves defining, controlling, and monitoring the boundaries of a project.

• Define clear project objectives and deliverables

• Create a detailed project scope statement

• Establish a change control process

• Regularly review and update the project scope

• Communicate scope changes to stakeholders

• Monitor project progress and ensure adherence to scope

Strings are immutable to ensure data integrity and prevent unintended changes.

• Immutable strings allow for safer multithreading and concurrency.

• String interning is possible because of immutability.

• Immutable strings can be used as keys in dictionaries and hash tables.

• Examples of immutable data types include numbers and tuples.

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

• Projects have defined objectives and deliverables.

• They have a specific start and end date.

• Projects require resources, such as people, time, and budget.

• They involve a series of coordinated activities.

• Examples: building a new website, launching a marketing campaign, developing a new software application.

Buddha's birthplace is in Lumbini, Nepal.

• Buddha was born in Lumbini, Nepal in 563 BCE.

• Lumbini is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• The birthplace of Buddha is marked by a sacred garden and a temple.

• Lumbini is a popular pilgrimage site for Buddhists from all over the world.

Catalyst optimizer is a query optimization framework in Apache Spark that improves performance by generating optimized query plans.

• Catalyst optimizer is a rule-based optimization framework in Apache Spark.

• It leverages advanced techniques like predicate pushdown, constant folding, and join reordering to optimize query plans.

• Catalyst optimizer helps in improving the performance of Spark SQL queries by selecting the most efficient query execution plan.

• It also enables Spark to pe...read more

SRS stands for Software Requirements Specification and BRD stands for Business Requirements Document.

• SRS is a document that outlines the functional and non-functional requirements of a software system.

• BRD is a document that outlines the business requirements of a project.

• SRS is used by developers and testers to understand what needs to be built and tested.

• BRD is used by project managers and stakeholders to understand the business goals and objectives of a project.

• SRS includes...read more

NoSQL is a non-relational database management system that allows for flexible and scalable data storage, while RDBMS is a traditional relational database management system with structured data storage.

• NoSQL databases are schema-less, allowing for easy scalability and flexibility in data storage.

• RDBMS databases use structured query language (SQL) for data manipulation and retrieval.

• NoSQL databases are better suited for unstructured or semi-structured data, while RDBMS is ideal...read more

I have experience in system design for current product, focusing on scalability and efficiency.

• Analyze current system architecture and identify areas for improvement

• Consider scalability, performance, security, and user experience in design

• Collaborate with cross-functional teams to gather requirements and ensure alignment

• Implement best practices and technologies to optimize system design

• Regularly review and iterate on system design to adapt to changing needs

DaemonSet ensures that all or some nodes run a copy of a Pod

• DaemonSet is a Kubernetes resource that ensures a copy of a Pod is running on all or some nodes in a cluster

• It is useful for running a single instance of a Pod on every node in a cluster

• DaemonSet is commonly used for monitoring, logging, and other system-level services

• Example: Running a logging agent on every node in a Kubernetes cluster

Frameworks are pre-defined structures that provide guidelines and reusable components for software development.

• Frameworks help in organizing and structuring code.

• They provide a set of rules and best practices for development.

• Frameworks offer reusable components and libraries.

• They enhance productivity and reduce development time.

• Examples of frameworks include Selenium for web testing, JUnit for unit testing, and Spring for Java development.