Adsiduous Media Interview Questions and Answers

Find the first non-repeating character in a string.

• Create a hash table to store the frequency of each character in the string.

• Iterate through the string and check the frequency of each character.

• Return the first character with a frequency of 1.

Connection pooling is a technique of reusing database connections to improve performance.

• Connection pooling helps to reduce the overhead of creating and destroying database connections.

• It maintains a pool of connections that can be reused by multiple clients.

• Connection pooling is commonly used in web applications to handle multiple requests simultaneously.

• It can be configured with parameters like maximum number of conn...read more

A singleton class in PHP is a class that can only be instantiated once.

• Create a private constructor to prevent direct instantiation

• Create a private static variable to hold the instance of the class

• Create a public static method to get the instance of the class

• Ensure that the public static method always returns the same instance

To connect to MySQL database using PHP, create a Connection class.

• Use mysqli_connect() function to establish a connection

• Pass the database credentials as parameters to the function

• Create a constructor method to initialize the connection

• Create a query method to execute SQL queries

• Close the connection using mysqli_close() method

There are three types of errors in PHP: syntax errors, runtime errors, and logical errors.

• Syntax errors occur when the code is not written correctly, such as missing semicolons or parentheses.

• Runtime errors occur during the execution of the code, such as trying to access an undefined variable.

• Logical errors occur when the code runs without errors, but produces unexpected results, such as a miscalculation in a formula.

Session in PHP allows to store user data on the server for later use.

• Session starts when a user logs in and ends when the user logs out or the session expires.

• Session data is stored on the server and identified by a unique session ID.

• Session variables can be set and accessed using the $_SESSION superglobal array.

• Session can be destroyed using the session_destroy() function.

• Session can be used to store user-specific dat...read more

Find missing element in an array of elements from 0 to n-1

• Calculate sum of all elements in array and subtract from sum of n natural numbers

• Use XOR operation on all elements and n natural numbers

• Sort the array and find the missing element

Find the second largest prime number and its index from an array of positive integers.

• Iterate through the array and check if each number is prime

• Store the largest and second largest prime numbers found so far

• Also store their indices

• Return the second largest prime number and its index

Find the first missing positive number in an array of positive and negative integers.

• Sort the array in ascending order

• Iterate through the sorted array and find the first positive number that is missing

• If no positive number is missing, return the next positive number after the largest positive number in the array

The data structure to program a jigsaw puzzle program would be a graph.

• Use a graph data structure to represent the puzzle pieces and their connections.

• Each puzzle piece can be represented as a node in the graph.

• Edges between nodes represent the connections between puzzle pieces.

• To solve the puzzle, use graph traversal algorithms like depth-first search or breadth-first search.

• Apply puzzle-solving strategies like findin

Times Internet Limited (TIL) is a digital products company that operates various online platforms and services.

• TIL is a subsidiary of Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd (BCCL), which is India's largest media conglomerate.

• TIL operates popular websites and apps like Times of India, Economic Times, Gaana, MX Player, and Cricbuzz.

• TIL focuses on digital content, e-commerce, and technology solutions.

• TIL has a diverse portfolio of...read more

I transitioned to software development due to my passion for coding and problem-solving.

• I discovered my interest in coding during my civil engineering studies

• I took online courses and attended coding bootcamps to learn software development skills

• I completed projects and internships in software development to gain practical experience

• I enjoy the creativity and problem-solving aspects of software development

The average speed can be calculated by taking the harmonic mean of the two speeds.

• To calculate the harmonic mean, divide the sum of the speeds by the reciprocal of the sum of their reciprocals.

• In this case, the harmonic mean can be calculated as 2/(1/20 + 1/30) = 24 km/h.

The minimum number of steps to find the defective ball is 2.

• Divide the 8 balls into 3 groups of 3, 3, and 2 balls.

• Compare the weights of the two groups of 3 balls.

• If one group is heavier, divide it into 2 balls and compare their weights.

• If the two balls have different weights, the heavier ball is the defective one.

• If the two balls have the same weight, the remaining ball in the first group of 3 is the defective one.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as the same type.

• Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Method overriding allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters ...read more

Operator overloading is the ability to redefine operators for custom classes.

• Allows operators to be used with custom classes

• Example: '+' operator can be used to concatenate strings

• Can improve readability and simplify code

Method overloading is having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is having a method in a subclass with the same name, return type, and parameters as a method in its superclass.

• Method overloading is achieved within the same class.

• Method overriding occurs in a subclass that inherits from a superclass.

• Method overloading is determined at compile-time based on the number, type, an...read more

Probability of a horse going out of a chessboard in 'n' steps.

• The total number of possible moves for a horse is 8.

• The probability of going out of the board depends on the position of the horse.

• For example, if the horse is at a corner, the probability of going out of the board is higher.

• The probability can be calculated using combinatorics and geometry.

Algorithms for manipulating arrays and strings in coding

• Use sorting algorithms like quicksort and mergesort for arrays

• Use string manipulation functions like substring and replace for strings

• Use dynamic programming for optimizing solutions to array and string problems

Designing a large scale Ad Server

• Use distributed systems for scalability

• Implement caching for faster ad delivery

• Ensure high availability and fault tolerance

• Use real-time bidding for efficient ad placement

• Implement fraud detection mechanisms

• Ensure compliance with privacy regulations

BST is a binary tree where left child is smaller and right child is greater. Add/delete ops maintain this property.

• BST is a data structure used for searching, sorting, and storing data

• Add operation: Traverse the tree and find the appropriate position to insert the new node

• Delete operation: Find the node to be deleted, replace it with its inorder successor or predecessor, and delete the successor/predecessor node

• Time co...read more

Copy a linked list with random pointers to random nodes in the list.

• Create a new node for each node in the original list

• Map the original nodes to their corresponding new nodes

• Copy the value of the original node to the new node

• Copy the random pointer of the original node to the new node using the mapping created earlier

Maximum sub sequence sum in an array

• Use Kadane's algorithm

• Initialize max_so_far and max_ending_here to 0

• Iterate through the array and update max_ending_here and max_so_far

• Return max_so_far

Endianness refers to the byte order of a system. It determines how multi-byte data types are stored in memory.

• Little-endian systems store the least significant byte first, while big-endian systems store the most significant byte first.

• Endianness can affect the way data is transmitted between systems.

• To determine the endianness of a system, you can use the byte order mark (BOM) or write a test program that checks the by...read more

Sort an array of 0's and 1's only.

• Use two pointers, one at the beginning and one at the end of the array.

• Swap 0's from the beginning with 1's from the end until the pointers meet.

• Alternatively, use a counting sort algorithm to count the number of 0's and 1's and then reconstruct the array.

Heaps are data structures used to efficiently find the maximum or minimum element in a collection.

• Max heap: parent nodes are always greater than or equal to child nodes

• Min heap: parent nodes are always smaller than or equal to child nodes

• Heaps are commonly used in priority queues and sorting algorithms

• Heap operations include insert, delete, and extract max/min

• Example: An array [3, 8, 2, 5, 1, 4, 6] can be represented a

Find 3 numbers in an array where a+b=c.

• Loop through the array and check for all possible combinations of a and b.

• Use a hash table to store the values of a and b, and check if c is present in the hash table.

• Sort the array and use two pointers to find a and b, and then check if their sum equals c.