Top 250 Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

Automation testing offers faster feedback, increased test coverage, and improved accuracy.

• Faster feedback on code changes

• Increased test coverage with the ability to run more tests in less time

• Improved accuracy and consistency of test results

• Reduced testing costs and time

• Ability to test in different environments and configurations

• Identification of defects earlier in the development cycle

• Improved team productivity and collaboration

• Ability to perform regression testing easily

• Exa...read more

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or component to determine if it satisfies specified requirements.

• Testing is done to identify defects or errors in software or hardware.

• It involves executing a system or component with the intent of finding bugs or verifying its functionality.

• Testing can be performed at various levels such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.

• Different types of testing include functional testing, performance ...read more

Verification in software testing refers to the process of evaluating whether the software meets the specified requirements.

• Verification ensures that the software is built according to the design specifications.

• It involves checking whether the software meets the functional and non-functional requirements.

• Verification is done through reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections.

• It is a static testing technique that is performed before the software is executed.

• Examples of verification...read more

Severity and priority are used to classify incidents based on their impact and urgency.

• Severity refers to the impact an incident has on the business or system.

• Priority refers to the urgency with which an incident needs to be resolved.

• Both severity and priority are usually classified into levels, such as low, medium, and high.

• The severity and priority of an incident can be determined based on factors such as the number of users affected, the criticality of the system, and the ...read more

Testing lifecycle involves planning, designing, executing, and evaluating tests to ensure quality of a product.

• 1. Planning phase involves defining test objectives, scope, and resources.

• 2. Design phase includes creating test cases, test data, and test environment.

• 3. Execution phase involves running tests, recording results, and reporting defects.

• 4. Evaluation phase includes analyzing test results, identifying trends, and improving testing process.

• 5. Iterative process where fee...read more

Negative test cases for payment method in add to cart

• Entering an invalid credit card number

• Selecting a payment method that is not supported

• Entering an expired credit card

• Entering an incorrect CVV number

• Selecting a payment method that requires additional authentication

My Selenium framework is a data-driven framework using TestNG for test execution and reporting.

• Uses TestNG for test execution and reporting

• Data-driven framework for easy maintenance and scalability

• Utilizes Page Object Model for better code organization and reusability

Data web table in cucumber is used to store test data in tabular format for easy readability and maintenance.

• Data web table is written in Gherkin syntax using Scenario Outline and Examples keywords.

• Each row in the table represents a set of test data for a specific scenario.

• Variables in the table are replaced with actual values during test execution.

• Data tables can be used to pass multiple sets of input data to a single test scenario.

The sequence of TestNG annotations is @BeforeSuite, @BeforeTest, @BeforeClass, @BeforeMethod, @Test, @AfterMethod, @AfterClass, @AfterTest, @AfterSuite.

• @BeforeSuite - Executed before the test suite starts.

• @BeforeTest - Executed before each test tag in the testng.xml file.

• @BeforeClass - Executed before the first test method in the current class.

• @BeforeMethod - Executed before each test method.

• @Test - Represents a test method.

• @AfterMethod - Executed after each test method.

• @Afte...read more

OWASP is a standard used for security testing of APIs and Web Applications

• OWASP Top 10 is a widely recognized standard for web application security

• OWASP API Security Top 10 provides guidelines for securing APIs

• OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy) is a popular tool for testing web application security

Implicit wait is set globally for all elements, while explicit wait is applied only to specific elements.

• Implicit wait is set once at the beginning of the test script

• Explicit wait is used for specific elements with different wait times

• Implicit wait is defined for the entire duration of the WebDriver object

• Explicit wait is defined for a specific condition or element to wait for

Test execution is the process of running test cases to validate the functionality of the software.

• Test execution involves executing the test cases that have been designed during the test planning phase.

• It is the actual process of running the tests and comparing the actual results with the expected results.

• Test execution can be manual or automated, depending on the testing approach and tools used.

• It helps in identifying defects and ensuring the quality of the software product....read more

Severity and priority are used to classify the importance and urgency of issues in software development.

• Severity refers to the impact of an issue on the system or business.

• Priority refers to the urgency of fixing an issue.

• Severity is usually categorized as low, medium, or high.

• Priority is usually categorized as low, medium, or high.

• For example, a critical bug that causes the system to crash would have high severity and high priority.

The most testing phase is when team members face challenges that require them to go above and beyond their usual responsibilities.

• Dealing with a high-pressure project deadline

• Resolving conflicts within the team

• Adapting to unexpected changes in the project scope

• Handling difficult team dynamics

• Managing team members who are not meeting expectations

Selenium WebDriver is a tool used for automating web application testing. It provides a programming interface to interact with web elements.

• Selenium WebDriver is a popular open-source tool for automating web browsers.

• It allows testers to write test scripts in programming languages like Java, Python, etc.

• The architecture of Selenium WebDriver consists of client libraries, JSON wire protocol, browser drivers, and browsers.

• Client libraries provide methods to interact with web el...read more

Test cases can be prioritized in TestNG using priority attribute.

• Add priority attribute to @Test annotation

• Test cases with lower priority value will be executed first

• Priority can be any integer value, default is 0

Selenium automation is a tool used for automating web applications testing.

• Selenium is an open-source tool used for automating web browsers.

• It supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, C#, etc.

• Selenium WebDriver is the most popular component used for automating web applications.

• It can simulate user interactions like clicking buttons, entering text, etc.

• Selenium Grid allows running tests on multiple machines in parallel.

• Selenium IDE is a record and playback to...read more

There are several status codes available in API testing to indicate the outcome of a request.

• 200 - OK: The request was successful

• 201 - Created: The request was successful and a new resource was created

• 400 - Bad Request: The request was invalid or could not be understood

• 401 - Unauthorized: Authentication is required and has failed or has not been provided

• 403 - Forbidden: The server understood the request but refuses to authorize it

• 404 - Not Found: The requested resource could ...read more

Testcases can be run in parallel by using tools like Selenium Grid, TestNG, JUnit, or by writing custom code.

• Use Selenium Grid to distribute tests across multiple machines

• Use TestNG or JUnit to run tests in parallel within a single machine

• Write custom code to execute tests in parallel using threads or processes

• Ensure that the tests are independent and do not interfere with each other

UI testing is the process of testing the user interface of a software application to ensure it meets the specified requirements.

• UI testing involves testing the visual elements of the application such as buttons, menus, and forms.

• It also includes testing the functionality of the UI elements such as navigation, input validation, and error handling.

• UI testing can be automated using tools such as Selenium and Appium.

• It is important to test UI on different devices and screen sizes...read more

Xpath in Tosca is a way to locate elements in a web application using XML path expressions.

• Xpath stands for XML Path Language

• It is used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document

• In Tosca, Xpath can be used to identify and interact with web elements during test automation

• Example: //input[@id='username'] - locates an input element with id 'username'

Automated test cases can be fetched from manual cases by identifying repetitive steps and automating them using testing tools.

• Identify repetitive test cases that can be automated

• Use testing tools like Selenium, Appium, or JUnit to automate the identified test cases

• Ensure proper validation and verification of automated test cases

• Regularly update and maintain automated test cases to keep them in sync with manual test cases

To switch between tabs in a browser using Selenium, we can use the getWindowHandles() method and switchTo() method.

• Use getWindowHandles() method to get the handles of all open tabs

• Store the handles in a Set

• Use switchTo() method to switch to a specific tab by passing the handle as an argument

Test all possible input combinations and edge cases to find bugs in the addition program.

• Test with positive and negative numbers

• Test with decimal numbers

• Test with large numbers

• Test with zero

• Test with one number being zero

• Test with non-numeric inputs

• Test with overflow or underflow

• Test with different data types

• Test with different operating systems and browsers

Performance testing tools are software applications used to measure the speed, stability, and scalability of a system under various workloads.

• Performance testing tools simulate real-world scenarios to identify bottlenecks and optimize system performance.

• Examples of performance testing tools include JMeter, LoadRunner, Gatling, and Apache Bench.

• These tools can measure response time, throughput, resource utilization, and other performance metrics.

• Performance testing tools can h...read more

Selenium POM framework is a design pattern that helps in creating maintainable and reusable test automation scripts.

• Page Object Model (POM) separates web pages into individual classes, making code more organized and readable.

• POM framework reduces code duplication by storing locators and methods for each page in separate classes.

• Test scripts interact with web elements through methods defined in page classes, promoting reusability and scalability.

• POM framework enhances test mai...read more

I test mobile applications by performing functional, usability, performance, and security testing.

• I start by identifying the requirements and creating test cases.

• I perform functional testing to ensure the app meets the requirements.

• I test the usability of the app by checking the user interface and user experience.

• I perform performance testing to check the app's speed, stability, and scalability.

• I test the security of the app by checking for vulnerabilities and ensuring data p...read more

To select a value from dropdown in Selenium, use the Select class and its methods.

• Locate the dropdown element using any of the locators like ID, name, class name, etc.

• Create an object of the Select class and pass the dropdown element as a parameter.

• Use the Select class methods like selectByVisibleText(), selectByValue(), or selectByIndex() to select the desired option.

• Finally, use the assert statement to verify if the selected option is correct.

RFT stands for Renal Function Test, a group of tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are functioning.

• RFT includes tests like serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

• These tests help in diagnosing and monitoring conditions like chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, and dehydration.

• Abnormal RFT results may indicate kidney dysfunction or other underlying health issues.

• RFT is an important tool in assessing renal health ...read more

Scenario is a test case that describes a specific situation. Scenario Outline is a template for creating multiple scenarios.

• Scenario is a detailed description of a specific test case

• Scenario Outline is a template that can be used to create multiple scenarios with different inputs

• Scenario Outline uses placeholders for input values that are replaced with actual values during execution

• Both are used in Behavior Driven Development (BDD) to describe the behavior of the system

Grey box testing is a combination of black box and white box testing techniques.

• It involves testing the system with partial knowledge of its internal workings.

• Testers have access to some information about the system's architecture and design.

• It helps in identifying defects that are difficult to find through black box testing.

• Examples include API testing and database testing.

Postman is used for API testing. GUI testing involves testing the user interface while API testing involves testing the backend functionality.

• Postman is a tool used for testing APIs by sending requests and receiving responses.

• GUI testing involves testing the user interface, such as buttons, forms, and menus.

• API testing involves testing the backend functionality, such as data validation and response time.

• Postman can be used to test APIs by sending requests and receiving respon...read more

Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool for automating web browser interactions.

• Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin

• It allows users to record and playback interactions with a web browser

• Tests can be exported in various programming languages

• It is useful for automating repetitive tasks and regression testing

SAP in SAP testing stands for Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing.

• SAP is a software suite that provides various business applications.

• SAP testing involves testing the functionality, performance, and security of SAP systems.

• It ensures that the SAP software meets the desired requirements and works as expected.

• SAP testing includes testing modules like finance, sales, inventory, human resources, etc.

• Testers use various techniques like functional testing, integr...read more

Test cases are detailed steps to test a specific feature while test scripts are automated instructions to execute test cases.

• Test cases are written in a human-readable format while test scripts are written in a programming language.

• Test cases are executed manually while test scripts are executed automatically.

• Test cases are used to verify the functionality of a feature while test scripts are used to automate the testing process.

• Test cases are usually created by testers while ...read more

Testing an application involves various methods to ensure its functionality and quality.

• Create test cases based on requirements and user stories

• Perform functional testing to check if the application meets specifications

• Conduct regression testing to ensure new changes do not affect existing functionality

• Utilize automated testing tools for efficiency

• Perform user acceptance testing to ensure the application meets user expectations

Test case design techniques are methods used to create test cases for software testing.

• Boundary Value Analysis

• Equivalence Partitioning

• Decision Table Testing

• State Transition Testing

• Use Case Testing

Categories of defects include dimensional, cosmetic, functional, and safety-related defects.

• Dimensional defects: Variations in size or shape that affect the product's performance.

• Cosmetic defects: Surface imperfections that do not impact functionality but affect appearance.

• Functional defects: Issues that prevent the product from performing its intended purpose.

• Safety-related defects: Flaws that pose a risk to the user's safety.

• Examples: scratches on a phone screen (cosmetic),...read more

Equivalence partitioning is a technique used in software testing to divide input data into groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior.

• Dividing input data into groups that are expected to behave similarly

• Testing only one input from each group

• Examples: age groups, income brackets, product categories

I have 5 years of experience in software testing.

• I have worked on various testing methodologies such as manual, automation, and performance testing.

• I have experience in testing web applications, mobile applications, and desktop applications.

• I have worked with different testing tools such as Selenium, JMeter, and Appium.

• I have experience in writing test cases, test plans, and test scripts.

• I have worked in Agile and Waterfall methodologies.

• I have experience in defect tracking a...read more

The functions of testing are to identify defects, improve quality, and ensure the software meets requirements.

• Identify defects and errors in the software

• Improve the quality of the software

• Ensure the software meets the specified requirements

• Validate and verify the software functionality

• Reduce the risk of software failure

• Provide feedback to developers for improvement

• Ensure compliance with industry standards and regulations

Verification ensures the software is built right, while validation ensures the right software is built.

• Verification involves checking if the software meets the specified requirements.

• Validation involves checking if the software meets the user's needs and expectations.

• Verification is done through reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections.

• Validation is done through testing like functional testing, usability testing, etc.

• Example: Verification would involve checking if a login page ...read more

Coverage refers to the extent to which a product or service is available or provided to customers.

• Coverage is the reach or distribution of a product or service.

• It can refer to geographical coverage, where a product or service is available in certain locations or regions.

• Coverage can also refer to the range of customers or target market that a product or service caters to.

• In sales, coverage can be measured by the number of potential customers reached or the market share obtain...read more

The timing for testing varied depending on the specific test being conducted.

• The timing for testing was determined based on the nature of the test and its requirements.

• Some tests may have been conducted in real-time, while others may have required longer periods for preparation and execution.

• For example, a blood test could be completed within a few minutes, while a complex diagnostic test may have taken several hours or even days.

• The timing for testing also depended on factor...read more

Selenium architecture includes Selenium Client Library, JSON Wire Protocol, WebDriver API, and browser drivers.

• Selenium Client Library provides bindings for various programming languages like Java, Python, etc.

• JSON Wire Protocol is used for communication between the client and the server.

• WebDriver API defines a set of interfaces to interact with web browsers.

• Browser drivers like ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, etc., are used to communicate with respective browsers.

SIT stands for System Integration Testing. It involves testing the interaction between different components/modules of a system.

• Understand the system architecture and integration points

• Identify the input and output data for each component/module

• Design test cases to validate the interaction between components/modules

• Execute test cases and analyze results

• Report defects and retest after fixes

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. It is a process followed by software development teams to design, develop and test high-quality software.

• SDLC is a framework that outlines the various stages involved in software development.

• It includes planning, designing, coding, testing, and maintenance.

• SDLC helps in ensuring that the software is developed efficiently and meets the requirements of the stakeholders.

• In software testing, SDLC helps in identifying defects early ...read more

QA testing involves ensuring software quality by identifying bugs and issues before release. I have implemented QA testing in various projects.

• QA testing involves creating test cases, executing them, and reporting bugs.

• I have implemented QA testing in web applications, mobile apps, and software projects.

• Examples of QA testing tools I have used include Selenium, Jira, and TestRail.

Waits in Selenium are used to pause the execution of the test script for a certain amount of time.

• Waits are used to synchronize the test script with the application under test.

• There are two types of waits in Selenium: implicit wait and explicit wait.

• Implicit wait sets a default waiting time for the entire test script.

• Explicit wait is used to wait for a specific condition to occur before proceeding with the test script.

• Examples of conditions for explicit wait include element v...read more

Compliance for input testing refers to ensuring that the input data provided to a system meets the specified requirements and standards.

• Compliance testing involves verifying if the input data adheres to predefined rules and regulations.

• It ensures that the input data is valid, accurate, and complete.

• Examples of compliance testing include checking if user input follows password complexity requirements or validating data against industry standards.

• Compliance testing helps identi...read more

STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle. Regression testing is the process of testing changes made to the software to ensure that existing functionalities still work.

• STLC is a process followed by QA engineers to ensure that software is thoroughly tested before release

• It includes planning, designing, executing, and reporting of tests

• Regression testing is a type of testing that is performed to ensure that changes made to the software do not affect existing functionalities

• It...read more

Principles of testing are guidelines that help in designing effective test cases and ensuring thorough testing of software.

• Testing shows the presence of defects, not their absence.

• Exhaustive testing is impossible, so testing efforts should be focused on high-risk areas.

• Early testing saves time and cost in the long run.

• Defect clustering suggests that a small number of modules contain the majority of defects.

• Pesticide paradox states that if the same tests are repeated over and ...read more

Q.C. testing parameters are specific criteria used to assess the quality of analytical results.

• Q.C. testing parameters are used to ensure the accuracy, precision, and reliability of analytical measurements.

• These parameters may include limits for acceptable levels of impurities, precision of measurements, accuracy of calibration standards, etc.

• Examples of Q.C. testing parameters include limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, etc.

TestNG is more advanced and flexible than JUnit, with features like parallel testing and data-driven testing.

• TestNG supports parallel testing while JUnit does not.

• TestNG allows for data-driven testing while JUnit does not.

• TestNG has more advanced annotations and reporting features than JUnit.

• TestNG can be used with both Java and non-Java languages while JUnit is only for Java.

• JUnit is simpler and easier to learn than TestNG.

Severity refers to the impact of a bug on the system, while priority refers to the order in which bugs should be fixed. Requirements are gathered through meetings, interviews, documentation review, and prototyping.

• Severity is the measure of how much a bug affects the system's functionality.

• Priority determines the order in which bugs should be fixed based on business needs.

• Requirements are gathered through meetings with stakeholders to understand their needs and expectations.

• I...read more

A/B testing involves comparing two versions of a webpage or app to see which one performs better.

• A/B testing is a method used in marketing and product development to determine which version of a webpage or app leads to better results.

• It involves creating two versions (A and B) with one differing element, such as a different headline or call-to-action button.

• Users are randomly shown either version A or B, and their interactions are measured to determine which version is more e...read more

Attributes in test cases refer to the characteristics that define a test case.

• Attributes can include test case ID, test case name, test case description, test steps, expected results, actual results, priority, severity, and status.

• Test case attributes can also include preconditions, post-conditions, test data, and test environment.

• Attributes help in identifying and organizing test cases, and in tracking the progress of testing.

• For example, a test case for a login page may hav...read more

Static testing is a type of software testing where the code is not executed. It involves reviewing and analyzing the code or documentation.

• Static testing is performed without executing the code.

• It includes reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections of code or documentation.

• The goal is to find defects early in the development process.

• Static testing helps in improving the quality of the code and reducing the number of defects in the final product.

Used SoapUI for testing web services and API endpoints in the project.

• Created test suites and test cases in SoapUI.

• Executed functional and load tests using SoapUI.

• Validated response data and status codes.

• Integrated SoapUI with Jenkins for continuous integration.

• Generated reports and logs for test results analysis.

A quality analyst is responsible for ensuring that products or services meet the required standards and specifications.

• Conducting quality assurance tests and inspections

• Analyzing data to identify areas for improvement

• Developing and implementing quality control procedures

• Collaborating with other departments to ensure quality standards are met

• Providing feedback to management on quality issues

• Examples: testing software for bugs, inspecting manufactured products for defects

Parallel testing is running multiple tests simultaneously to reduce test execution time.

• Parallel testing is useful for large test suites that take a long time to run.

• It can be implemented using test automation frameworks like Selenium Grid or TestNG.

• Parallel testing can be done on multiple devices, browsers, or operating systems.

• Code example: TestNG - @Test(invocationCount = 5, threadPoolSize = 5) public void testMethod() {}

Data driven and keyword driven frameworks are two types of automation frameworks used in software testing.

• Data driven framework uses external data sources to drive test cases

• Keyword driven framework uses keywords to define test steps and actions

• Data driven framework is useful for testing scenarios with multiple data sets

• Keyword driven framework is useful for testing complex applications with many test cases

• Both frameworks can improve test efficiency and reduce manual effort

Spike testing is a type of performance testing that involves testing the system's ability to handle sudden and extreme spikes in traffic or load.

• It is used to identify the breaking point of the system

• It involves simulating sudden and extreme spikes in traffic or load

• It helps in identifying performance bottlenecks and scalability issues

• Examples include sudden increase in user traffic, sudden increase in database queries, sudden increase in file uploads/downloads

A fixture is a device used to securely hold and support a workpiece during manufacturing or testing processes.

• Fixtures are commonly used in machining, welding, assembly, and inspection processes.

• They help ensure consistent and accurate positioning of the workpiece.

• Examples include jigs, clamps, vices, and specialized tooling.

• Fixtures can be custom-designed for specific applications or standardized for general use.

Software testing life cycle is a process of planning, designing, executing, and reporting on tests throughout the software development life cycle.

• It involves planning the testing activities

• Designing test cases based on requirements

• Executing the test cases to identify defects

• Reporting and tracking defects

• Retesting and regression testing

Components can be tested using various methods such as functional testing, environmental testing, and performance testing.

• Functional testing involves testing the component's intended function

• Environmental testing involves testing the component's performance in different environments

• Performance testing involves testing the component's speed, accuracy, and reliability

• Examples of testing equipment include oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, and network analyzers

Retest is the process of testing a previously failed test case again after the defects have been fixed. Test Load refers to the amount of work that a system can handle.

• Retest is done to ensure that the defect has been fixed and the system is working as expected.

• Test Load testing is done to determine the maximum capacity of the system and to identify any performance issues.

• Retest is a part of regression testing while Test Load testing is a part of performance testing.

• Example o...read more

Functionality testing is a type of software testing that verifies if a system or application meets its intended functional requirements.

• It focuses on testing the functionality of the software

• It ensures that the system or application performs as expected

• It checks if all the features and functions work correctly

• It validates if the software meets the specified requirements

• It involves both positive and negative testing scenarios

• Examples: testing login functionality, verifying cal...read more

Fluent wait is a dynamic wait mechanism in Selenium WebDriver that waits for a condition to be true before proceeding.

• Fluent wait is used to wait for a condition with a specified timeout and polling interval

• It can be used to handle dynamic elements on a webpage that may take variable time to load

• Example: WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementId")));

Regression report can be generated using tools like JMeter, Selenium, or custom scripts.

• Identify the test cases to be included in the report

• Execute the test cases and collect the results

• Analyze the results and identify the regression issues

• Generate a report with details on the regression issues and their severity

• Include graphs and charts to visualize the data

• Automate the report generation process for future use

ISTQB defines testing levels as a way to categorize testing activities based on their objectives and scope.

• There are four levels of testing defined by ISTQB: component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.

• Each level of testing has a specific objective and scope.

• Component testing involves testing individual software components in isolation.

• Integration testing involves testing the interactions between different software components.

• System testing ...read more

Usable testing is a type of testing that focuses on the user experience and usability of the software.

• Usable testing involves testing the software from the user's perspective

• It ensures that the software is easy to use and meets the user's needs

• Usable testing can include user testing, heuristic evaluation, and expert review

• Examples of usable testing include testing the navigation, layout, and functionality of a website or app

V-Model is a software development model that emphasizes testing at every stage of the development process.

• It is a sequential development process

• Each phase must be completed before moving to the next

• Testing is done at every stage

• It is a highly disciplined model

• It is also known as Verification and Validation model

To handle different frames in Selenium, switch to the frame using various methods like index, name, id, or WebElement.

• Use driver.switchTo().frame(int index) to switch to a frame by its index

• Use driver.switchTo().frame(String nameOrId) to switch to a frame by its name or id

• Use driver.switchTo().frame(WebElement frameElement) to switch to a frame by locating the frame element

Test types include functional, non-functional, regression, integration, acceptance, and performance testing.

• Functional testing checks if the software meets the specified requirements.

• Non-functional testing checks the software's performance, usability, and security.

• Regression testing ensures that changes to the software do not affect existing functionality.

• Integration testing checks if different modules of the software work together.

• Acceptance testing ensures that the software...read more

Data flows in database testing through various stages including input, processing, storage, and output.

• Data is input into the database through various sources such as forms, APIs, or scripts.

• The data is then processed and stored in the database tables according to the defined schema.

• During testing, the data is retrieved from the database using SQL queries or other tools.

• The output of the testing process includes reports, logs, and other artifacts that provide insights into th...read more

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or component to determine if it meets specified requirements.

• Testing involves executing a system or component with the intent of finding defects.

• Test life cycle consists of test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Test planning involves defining test objectives, test strategy, and test schedule.

• Test design includes creating test cases, test scenarios, and test data.

• Test execution involves running the tests, log...read more

Smoke testing is a preliminary test to check if the critical functionalities of an application are working. Exploratory testing is a simultaneous learning and testing approach.

• Smoke testing is performed to ensure that the major functionalities of an application are working as expected.

• It is a quick and shallow test that focuses on identifying critical issues early in the testing process.

• Smoke testing is usually performed after a build is deployed to verify if it is stable eno...read more

Boundary testing is a software testing technique that focuses on testing the boundaries or limits of input values.

• Boundary testing checks if the system handles both the minimum and maximum values correctly.

• It helps identify any issues related to boundary conditions.

• Examples include testing a login form with the minimum and maximum allowed characters for a password.

• Another example is testing a calculator application with the minimum and maximum values for arithmetic operations...read more

Critical tests are essential diagnostic tests that play a crucial role in determining a patient's condition or disease.

• Critical tests are performed to assess the severity of a patient's condition or to make immediate treatment decisions.

• These tests are often time-sensitive and require quick turnaround for results.

• Examples of critical tests include blood gas analysis, cardiac enzyme tests, and rapid infectious disease tests.

• Results from critical tests can directly impact patie...read more

Payment gateway testing is the process of verifying the functionality, security, and reliability of a payment gateway system.

• Testing the payment gateway integration with various payment methods

• Verifying the transaction flow from initiation to completion

• Testing the handling of different types of payment failures

• Ensuring the security of sensitive customer data

• Validating the response codes and error messages

• Testing the refund and cancellation processes

• Verifying the compatibility...read more

Correlation in JMeter is the process of extracting dynamic values from server responses and passing them as inputs to subsequent requests.

• Correlation is important in performance testing to simulate real user behavior.

• It involves identifying and capturing dynamic values like session IDs, tokens, etc.

• These values are then extracted using regular expressions or built-in JMeter functions.

• The extracted values are stored in variables and used in subsequent requests to maintain sess...read more

A tester is an electronic device used to check the presence of an electric current in a circuit.

• A tester works by completing a circuit and measuring the flow of electricity.

• It typically has two probes, one positive and one negative, that are used to make contact with the circuit.

• If the circuit is complete and there is electricity flowing, the tester will indicate this through a light or sound.

• Wearing slippers will not affect the operation of the tester.

• Testers can be used to ...read more

The program written for test is designed to test the functionality and performance of a specific algorithm or system.

• The program may include various test cases to cover different scenarios and edge cases.

• It may also include stress testing to evaluate the system's performance under heavy load.

• The program may output detailed logs or reports to help identify any issues or areas for improvement.

• The test program may be automated to run regularly as part of a continuous integration...read more

BA set stands for Breathing Apparatus set used by firefighters for respiratory protection. Testing involves checking components like mask, cylinder, pressure gauge, etc.

• BA set is a critical piece of equipment used by firefighters to provide respiratory protection in hazardous environments.

• Testing of BA set involves checking components such as face mask, cylinder, pressure gauge, regulator, and harness for any defects or malfunctions.

• Regular testing and maintenance of BA sets ...read more

Bug severity refers to the impact of a bug on the system, while bug priority refers to the urgency of fixing the bug.

• Bug severity is the impact of a bug on the system, while bug priority is the urgency of fixing the bug.

• Severity is usually categorized as low, medium, high, or critical based on the impact on the system.

• Priority is usually categorized as low, medium, high, or urgent based on the urgency of fixing the bug.

• For example, a bug that causes the system to crash would ...read more

Dynamic elements in Selenium can be handled using various techniques like explicit waits, dynamic xpath, and handling stale elements.

• Use explicit waits to wait for the element to become clickable or visible before interacting with it

• Use dynamic xpath to locate elements based on changing attributes or values

• Handle stale elements by refreshing the page or re-locating the element before interacting with it

Think time is the time taken by a user to think and perform an action, while pacing is the time interval between two consecutive user actions.

• Think time is the time taken by a user to read and understand the content on the screen before performing an action.

• Pacing is the time interval between two consecutive user actions, which is used to simulate real-world user behavior.

• Think time is used to simulate the time taken by a user to think and perform an action, while pacing is u...read more

Pacing and think time are important concepts in performance analysis, related to the timing and duration of user interactions with a system.

• Pacing refers to the speed at which a user interacts with a system, affecting the overall performance and response time.

• Think time is the duration a user spends processing information or making decisions before initiating the next action.

• Understanding pacing and think time helps in optimizing system performance and user experience.

• For exa...read more

I will assure that the software meets the requirements and is free from defects.

• I will conduct thorough testing to ensure all functionalities work as expected.

• I will use various testing techniques such as black box, white box, and regression testing.

• I will document all test cases and results for future reference.

• I will work closely with developers to ensure timely resolution of any defects found.

• I will continuously monitor and improve the testing process to ensure high-qualit...read more

The best technique to generate automated test report is to use a reporting tool that integrates with the automation framework.

• Choose a reporting tool that supports the programming language and automation framework being used

• Configure the reporting tool to generate reports in the desired format

• Include relevant information in the report such as test case name, status, and duration

• Add screenshots or videos to the report to provide additional context

• Schedule the report to be gene...read more

Functional coverage is a metric used to measure how much of the design functionality has been exercised by the verification environment.

• Functional coverage is used to ensure that all the features of the design have been tested.

• It is a measure of how much of the design functionality has been exercised by the verification environment.

• Functional coverage is typically defined in terms of coverage points, which are specific aspects of the design that need to be tested.

• Coverage poi...read more

A button on the login page is not working, preventing users from logging in

• The bug prevents users from accessing the system

• However, users can still use alternative methods to log in, making it low priority

Screenshots can be taken in Selenium using the TakesScreenshot interface.

• Create an object of the TakesScreenshot interface

• Call the getScreenshotAs() method on the driver object

• Save the screenshot to a desired location using the File class

HIL testing stands for Hardware-in-the-Loop testing, which is a type of testing that involves testing a system or component using real hardware.

• HIL testing is used to test complex systems that involve hardware and software components

• It involves connecting the hardware component to a simulation environment to test its functionality

• HIL testing is commonly used in the automotive industry to test electronic control units (ECUs)

• It can also be used in aerospace, defense, and other ...read more

A performance test plan is a document that outlines the objectives, scope, approach, and resources required for conducting performance testing.

• Defines the goals and objectives of the performance testing

• Specifies the scope of the testing, including the systems, components, and functionalities to be tested

• Outlines the test approach, including the tools, techniques, and methodologies to be used

• Identifies the performance metrics and success criteria

• Defines the test environment an...read more

To verify broken links in Selenium, we can use the HTTPURLConnection class and check the response code.

• Get all the links on the page using findElements() method

• Iterate through each link and get the href attribute

• Create a URL object and open a connection using the href attribute

• Use HTTPURLConnection class to get the response code

• If the response code is greater than or equal to 400, the link is broken