Top 40 Routing Interview Questions and Answers 2024

Lazy loading is a technique to load modules on demand instead of loading everything at once.

• Lazy loading improves the initial load time of the application.

• It splits the application into smaller chunks that can be loaded when needed.

• In Angular, lazy loading is achieved by configuring the routes with loadChildren property.

• Syntax for routing path with lazy loading: { path: 'lazy', loadChildren: () => import('./lazy/lazy.module').then(m => m.LazyModule) }

Routing is the process of selecting a path for network traffic. A module is a self-contained unit of code that performs a specific task.

• Routing determines the best path for data to travel between two points in a network.

• Modules are used to break down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable pieces of code.

• Routing protocols include OSPF, BGP, and EIGRP.

• Modules can be reused in different parts of a program or in different programs altogether.

Routing in Angular is the process of navigating between different components and views based on the URL.

• Routing is defined in the app-routing.module.ts file

• Routes are defined using the RouterModule.forRoot() method

• Each route maps a URL path to a component

• RouterLink directive is used to navigate between routes in HTML

• Router.navigate() method is used to navigate programmatically

• Child routes can be defined for nested components

Routing is the process of forwarding data packets between different networks. Switching is the process of forwarding data packets between devices on the same network.

• Routing involves determining the best path for data to travel between networks

• Switching involves forwarding data packets between devices on the same network

• Routing is typically done by routers, while switching is typically done by switches

• Examples of routing protocols include OSPF and BGP

• Examples of switching pro...read more

BOM stands for Bill of Materials and Routing refers to the sequence of operations required to manufacture a product.

• BOM is a list of all the raw materials, sub-assemblies, and parts needed to manufacture a product

• Routing defines the order in which the operations are performed to manufacture a product

• BOM and routing are essential components of manufacturing and production planning

• BOM and routing help in determining the cost of production and the time required to manufacture a ...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern that allows objects to be loosely coupled by injecting their dependencies.

• Dependency injection is a way to achieve inversion of control in software development.

• It helps in decoupling the code by removing direct dependencies between classes.

• By injecting dependencies, objects can be easily tested and reused.

• Routing refers to the process of determining how an application responds to a specific URL or endpoint.

• In web development, routing i...read more

Routing is the process of selecting the best path for network traffic. EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol.

• Routing involves determining the optimal path for data packets to travel from source to destination.

• EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol.

• EIGRP uses a metric called 'composite metric' to calculate the best path for routing.

• EIGRP supports both IPv4 and IPv6 networks.

• EIGRP uses a hierarchical structure with aut...read more

A router uses longest prefix matching to find the most specific route for a packet.

• The router looks at the destination IP address of the packet

• It compares the address with the entries in its routing table

• The router selects the entry with the longest matching prefix

• The packet is then forwarded to the next hop in that route

• If there is no matching prefix, the router uses the default route

• Longest prefix matching ensures efficient routing and reduces the size of the routing table

req.params is used to access route parameters in a URL, while req.query is used to access query parameters in a URL.

• req.params is an object containing properties mapped to the named route parameters in the URL

• req.query is an object containing a property for each query string parameter in the URL

• Example: For a route '/users/:id' and a URL '/users/123?name=John', req.params.id would be '123' and req.query.name would be 'John'

C is a programming language and routing is the process of selecting the best path for network traffic.

• C is a high-level programming language used for system programming and developing applications.

• Routing is the process of selecting the best path for network traffic to reach its destination.

• Routing protocols like OSPF, BGP, and EIGRP are used to determine the best path for network traffic.

• Routing tables are used to store information about network topology and available paths....read more

Routing in delivery is the process of determining the most efficient path for delivering goods or services to their intended destination.

• Routing helps optimize delivery routes to save time and resources

• It ensures timely delivery by choosing the fastest or most cost-effective path

• Routing can also involve determining the sequence of stops for multiple deliveries

• Examples: GPS navigation systems for delivery drivers, logistics software for route planning

Routing is the process of directing incoming requests to the appropriate controller and action in an MVC application. APIs are endpoints that allow communication between different software applications.

• Routing in .NET helps map URLs to specific controller actions in an MVC application.

• APIs in .NET are used to expose functionalities and data to be consumed by other software applications.

• Routing and APIs are essential components for building web applications in .NET.

BOM stands for Bill of Materials and Routing refers to the sequence of operations required to manufacture a product.

• BOM is a list of all the raw materials, sub-assemblies, and components required to manufacture a product

• Routing defines the sequence of operations required to manufacture a product

• BOM and Routing are used in manufacturing to ensure that the right materials are used and the right steps are followed to produce a quality product

• For example, a BOM for a car might in...read more

OSPF exchanges routes through the use of Link State Advertisements (LSAs) and the OSPF database.

• OSPF routers exchange LSAs to share information about their directly connected networks.

• LSAs are flooded throughout the OSPF network to build a complete topology database.

• Each router uses the received LSAs to calculate the shortest path to each network.

• OSPF routers then update their routing tables based on the shortest path calculations.

• This process ensures that OSPF routers have u...read more

Routing involves connecting components on a PCB while length tuning ensures signals arrive at the same time.

• Use high-speed design rules to determine trace width, spacing, and impedance

• Route critical signals first to minimize interference

• Use differential pairs for high-speed signals to maintain signal integrity

• Utilize length matching tools in PCB design software to adjust trace lengths

• Consider signal integrity and EMC requirements during routing

Helpers in MV are utility functions that assist in processing data or performing tasks. Routing is the process of determining how an application responds to a client request.

• Helpers in MV frameworks like Laravel provide convenient methods for common tasks such as string manipulation, data formatting, and authentication.

• Routing in web development involves defining URL patterns and associating them with specific controller actions or functions.

• For example, in Laravel, a route d...read more

Production version is a specific instance of a BOM and routing used for production planning and execution.

• Production version links specific BOM and routing data for a particular production run

• It allows for changes to be made to the BOM and routing without affecting other production runs

• Production version can be created manually or automatically based on certain criteria

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM. Routing is the process of navigating between different pages or views.

• Virtual DOM updates only the necessary changes, making it faster than actual DOM manipulation.

• Routing is achieved through a router component that maps URLs to specific components or views.

• React Router is a popular routing library for React applications.

• Routing can be used for creating single-page applications (SPAs) or multi-page applications (MPAs).

A gateway of route is a device or software that connects different networks, allowing communication between them.

• A gateway of route acts as an entry and exit point for data packets traveling between networks

• It can perform tasks such as protocol translation, packet filtering, and routing

• Examples include routers, firewalls, and proxy servers

Routing determines the path a request takes to reach its destination, while rate routing involves determining the best path based on cost or other factors.

• Routing is the process of selecting a path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination.

• Rate routing involves selecting the best path based on factors like cost, quality of service, or other criteria.

• Routing is typically used in networking to direct traffic, while rate routing is often used in telecommunica...read more

A route map is a set of rules that determine how traffic is routed between networks.

• Route maps are used in network routing protocols to control the flow of traffic.

• They can be used to filter routes, set metrics, and modify attributes of routes.

• Route maps are made up of match and set statements that define the conditions and actions to be taken.

• For example, a route map could be used to prioritize traffic from a certain network over others.

• Route maps are commonly used in Cisco ...read more

To route a payment from foreign country to domestic, one can use international wire transfer or online payment platforms.

• International wire transfer can be done through banks or money transfer services

• Online payment platforms like PayPal, TransferWise, or Payoneer can also be used

• Exchange rates and fees should be considered before choosing a method

• Compliance with regulations and documentation requirements is important

Web API filters and routing are essential for managing and directing traffic to the appropriate endpoints.

• Filters can be used to modify or validate incoming requests before they reach the endpoint.

• Routing determines which endpoint should handle a particular request based on the URL or other criteria.

• Filters and routing can be configured using frameworks like Express.js or ASP.NET.

• Examples of filters include authentication middleware, rate limiting, and input validation.

• Exampl...read more

Routing is the process of directing network traffic to its destination. Conventional Routing is a method of defining routes based on conventions.

• Routing is the process of determining the path that network packets should take from the source to the destination.

• Conventional Routing involves defining routes based on conventions or predefined rules.

• In web development, routing refers to mapping URLs to specific controllers and actions in an application.

• Conventional Routing in ASP....read more

DNS types used in routing include A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records.

• A record: Maps a domain name to an IPv4 address

• AAAA record: Maps a domain name to an IPv6 address

• CNAME record: Maps an alias domain name to the canonical domain name

• MX record: Specifies the mail servers responsible for receiving email for a domain

Routing in AngularJS allows for navigation between different views in a single-page application.

• AngularJS uses the $routeProvider service to configure routes

• Routes are defined using the when() method, specifying the URL and the template to load

• ng-view directive is used to specify where the templates should be loaded in the HTML

Network troubleshooting on routing mismatch

• Identify the source of the routing mismatch

• Check the routing table for incorrect entries

• Verify the routing protocol configuration

• Check for any network topology changes

• Use traceroute to identify the path taken by packets

• Check for any firewall or access control list rules blocking traffic

The correct syntax for defining a route in ASP.NET MVC involves using the Route attribute above the controller action method.

• Use the Route attribute above the controller action method to define a custom route

• Specify the route template within the Route attribute

• Example: [Route("custom/route")] public ActionResult MyAction() { }

Routing involves determining the path a product takes through a production process, while scenario refers to a specific set of conditions or circumstances.

• Routing determines the sequence of operations in a production process

• Scenarios are specific sets of conditions or circumstances that can affect the production process

• Routing is used to optimize the flow of materials and resources

• Scenarios help in planning for different potential outcomes

• Example: Routing for a car manufactur...read more

You can pass data through routing by using route parameters or query parameters.

• Use route parameters to pass data directly in the URL, like '/page/:id'

• Access the passed data in the target component using ActivatedRoute

• Use query parameters for passing data in the URL, like '/page?id=123'

• Retrieve query parameters in the target component using ActivatedRoute

Routing through a proxy involves configuring the proxy server to forward requests to the destination server.

• Configure the proxy server to listen for incoming requests

• Configure the proxy server to forward requests to the destination server

• Configure the client to use the proxy server for outgoing requests

• Use a proxy server to bypass network restrictions or improve performance

• Examples: Nginx, Apache, Squid

Routing is used to direct network traffic efficiently and securely.

• Routing helps to find the best path for data packets to travel.

• It enables load balancing and fault tolerance.

• Routing protocols like OSPF, BGP, and EIGRP are used to manage routing tables.

• Routing can be static or dynamic depending on the network requirements.

Angular Routes are used to navigate between different components and views in an Angular application.

• Routes are defined in the app-routing.module.ts file

• Each route maps a URL path to a component

• Routes can have parameters and child routes

• Navigation between routes can be done using routerLink directive or programmatically using Router service

Routing and switching are fundamental concepts in networking that involve directing data packets to their destination and connecting devices within a network.

• Routing involves determining the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another.

• Switching involves connecting devices within the same network and forwarding data packets to the correct destination.

• Routing protocols like OSPF and EIGRP are used to dynamically update routing tables and make decisions on p...read more

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

• Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model.

• They use routing tables to determine the best path for data packets to reach their destination.

• Routing involves selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic.

• Routers can connect different types of networks, such as LANs and WANs.

• Examples of routers include Cisco routers, Juniper routers, and TP-Link routers.

Client side routing is handled by the browser, while server side routing is handled by the server.

• Client side routing is faster as it does not require a server request for each page change.

• Server side routing involves the server processing each request and returning the appropriate page.

• Client side routing is commonly used in single page applications (SPAs) with frameworks like React or Angular.

• Server side routing is used in traditional web applications where each page is a s...read more

Routing in Angular is the process of navigating between different components based on the URL.

• Routing allows users to navigate between different parts of an Angular application without reloading the entire page.

• Routes are defined in the app-routing.module.ts file using the RouterModule and Routes classes.

• Each route maps a URL path to a component, which is then displayed when the corresponding URL is accessed.

• Angular uses the router-outlet directive to render the component ass...read more

Switching involves forwarding data packets between devices on the same network, while routing involves forwarding data packets between different networks.

• Switching operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model, using MAC addresses to forward data within a network.

• Routing operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model, using IP addresses to forward data between networks.

• Switches create broadcast domains, while routers create separate collision domains.

• Examples of switches include Cisco Catalyst ...read more

To share ID using route in Angular, use route parameters.

• Define a route with a parameter in the route path, e.g. '/user/:id'

• Access the parameter value in the component using ActivatedRoute service

• Use the parameter value to fetch data or perform actions related to that ID

Angular routing is handled using RouterModule which provides a way to navigate between different components.

• Use RouterModule.forRoot() method in app.module.ts to set up the main routes

• Use RouterModule.forChild() method in feature modules to define routes specific to that module

• Define routes using Route interface with path and component properties

• Use routerLink directive in HTML templates to navigate to different routes

• Use ActivatedRoute service to access route parameters and ...read more

Switching involves forwarding data packets within a network, while routing involves determining the best path for data packets to travel between networks.

• Switching operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model, using MAC addresses to forward data within a local network.

• Routing operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model, using IP addresses to determine the best path for data to travel between networks.

• Switches use MAC address tables to make forwarding decisions, while routers use routing tab...read more

Routes can be loaded using various methods depending on the framework used.

• In Express.js, routes can be loaded using app.get(), app.post(), app.put(), app.delete() methods

• In Laravel, routes can be loaded using Route::get(), Route::post(), Route::put(), Route::delete() methods

• In Ruby on Rails, routes can be loaded using resources, get, post, put, patch, and delete methods

• Routes can also be loaded dynamically using middleware or custom functions

Switching & routing are key functions in networking. Switching directs data within a network, while routing determines the best path for data to travel.

• Switching involves forwarding data packets between devices on the same network segment.

• Routing involves determining the best path for data packets to travel between different networks.

• Switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model, while routers operate at Layer 3.

• Examples of switches include Ethernet switches, while examples of...read more

Routing and switching technologies are essential components of network infrastructure.

• Understanding of routing protocols such as OSPF, EIGRP, BGP

• Knowledge of VLANs, STP, VTP for switching

• Experience with Cisco routers and switches

• Troubleshooting network connectivity issues

• Implementing network security measures