1000+ Technical Lead Interview Questions and Answers

I have implemented a microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility.

• Implemented microservices architecture using Docker and Kubernetes

• Used API Gateway for routing and load balancing

• Implemented service discovery using Consul

• Implemented circuit breaker pattern using Hystrix

• Implemented centralized logging using ELK stack

• Implemented distributed tracing using Zipkin

• Implemented event-driven architecture using Kafka

• Chose microservices architecture for scalability, flexib...read more

RTE calls are generated to communicate between software components. Different types of calls are generated for each interface.

• RTE calls are generated to exchange data and trigger actions between software components.

• The type of call generated for each interface depends on the communication protocol used.

• For example, in a RESTful API interface, HTTP requests like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE are generated.

• In a messaging interface, calls like publish, subscribe, and request-respon...read more

To achieve load balance and fault tolerance while deploying an application, we can use techniques like load balancing, clustering, and redundancy.

• Implement load balancing to distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers.

• Use clustering to group multiple servers together to work as a single unit.

• Ensure redundancy by having multiple instances of critical components to handle failures.

• Implement fault-tolerant mechanisms like automatic failover and replication.

• Regularly moni...read more

Creating a RESTful service without using Asp.Net Web Api template.

• Use a lightweight framework like Flask or Express

• Define routes and HTTP methods for each endpoint

• Serialize data to JSON format

• Handle errors and exceptions

• Test the service using tools like Postman or curl

Legacy monolithic applications can be replaced with microservices by breaking down the application into smaller, independent services.

• Identify the different functionalities of the monolithic application

• Break down the application into smaller, independent services

• Use APIs to communicate between the services

• Implement containerization and orchestration for scalability and reliability

• Gradually migrate functionality to microservices while maintaining backwards compatibility

• Example...read more

Finally block will always execute, even if an exception is thrown in the try or catch block.

• Finally block is used to execute code that must always run, regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not.

• If an exception is thrown in the try or catch block, the finally block will still execute.

• Finally block is often used to release resources like file handles, database connections, etc.

Hashing is a technique to map data to a fixed size array. Hash Map is a data structure that uses hashing to store key-value pairs.

• Hashing is used to quickly retrieve data from a large dataset

• Hash function maps data to a fixed size array index

• Collisions can occur when multiple data points map to the same index

• Hash Map uses key-value pairs to store and retrieve data

• Balanced tree is an alternative to Hash Map for efficient data retrieval

Libraries for electrical and instrumentation requirements can be created by following a structured approach.

• Identify the requirements and specifications of the library

• Design the library structure and components

• Develop and test the library

• Document the library for ease of use and maintenance

• Continuously update and improve the library based on feedback and changes in requirements

• Examples: National Instruments LabVIEW libraries, Arduino libraries

Events in C# are used to provide a way for objects to communicate with each other. Freezable objects in WPF allow for efficient memory usage and improved performance.

• Events allow for loosely coupled communication between objects

• They are used to notify subscribers when an action occurs

• Freezable objects can be shared across multiple threads and can be modified without creating a new instance

• They are used in WPF to improve performance and reduce memory usage

• Examples of freezable...read more

Call, apply, and bind are methods in JavaScript used to manipulate the 'this' keyword and pass arguments to functions.

• Call invokes a function with a specified 'this' value and arguments passed individually.

• Apply invokes a function with a specified 'this' value and arguments passed as an array.

• Bind creates a new function with a specified 'this' value and arguments passed individually.

• All three methods are used to manipulate the 'this' keyword in JavaScript.

Cloud refers to services and resources accessed over the internet, while on premises refers to resources located within an organization's physical location.

• Cloud services are accessed over the internet, allowing for scalability and flexibility.

• On premises resources are physically located within an organization's own data center or server room.

• Cloud services are typically managed and maintained by a third-party provider, while on premises resources are managed internally by th...read more

To add dependency SDKs for a particular build flavor, modify the build.gradle file and specify the dependencies for that flavor.

• Open the build.gradle file for your project

• Locate the section for the desired build flavor

• Inside the dependencies block, add the necessary SDK dependencies

• Sync the project to apply the changes

Design a module in Java to handle requests and responses.

• Create a class to handle incoming requests and process them

• Use interfaces to define request and response structures

• Implement methods to handle different types of requests

• Use libraries like Spring MVC for handling HTTP requests

Circuit breaker is used to prevent cascading failures in distributed systems.

• Circuit breaker is used to handle faults in microservices architecture.

• It is used to prevent overloading of a service by temporarily stopping requests to it.

• It helps in improving the resilience of the system by handling failures gracefully.

• Example: If a service is down, circuit breaker will stop sending requests to it and will try again after a specified time interval.

• It is also used for monitoring t...read more

Deploying Azure function created in Visual Studio to Azure.

• Publish the function from Visual Studio to Azure portal.

• Create a new function app in Azure portal.

• Configure the function app settings and connection strings.

• Deploy the function code to the function app.

• Test the function in Azure portal.

Different types of joins are Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, and Full Outer Join.

• Inner Join returns only the matching rows from both tables.

• Left Join returns all the rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right Join returns all the rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

• Full Outer Join returns all the rows from both tables, with NULL values in the columns where there is no match.

• Join types can be combined with other SQL cla...read more

Java 8 features include lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise and readable way.

• Functional interfaces enable the use of lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with collections of objects in a functional style.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Examples: Using lambda expressions to iterate over a list, using streams to filter and map data.

There are two types of routings in Asp.Net MVC: convention-based routing and attribute routing.

• Convention-based routing uses default routing rules to map URLs to controller actions.

• Attribute routing allows developers to define custom routes using attributes on controller actions or at the controller level.

• Both types of routing can be used together in the same application.

• Convention-based routing is the default routing mechanism in Asp.Net MVC.

• Attribute routing is more flexibl...read more

Risk assessment for an application involves identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities and evaluating their impact.

• Identify potential threats and vulnerabilities

• Evaluate the impact of each threat or vulnerability

• Determine the likelihood of each threat or vulnerability occurring

• Prioritize risks based on their impact and likelihood

• Develop a plan to mitigate or manage each risk

Static analysis is a process of analyzing code without executing it. Different layers in development require different types of testing.

• Static analysis involves analyzing code without executing it

• Different layers in development require different types of testing

• For the presentation layer, testing can include checking for UI/UX issues, accessibility, and responsiveness

• For the business logic layer, testing can include checking for logical errors, data validation, and security v...read more

Collections framework is a set of classes and interfaces that provide a way to store and manipulate groups of objects in Java.

• It includes interfaces like List, Set, and Map

• It provides implementations of these interfaces like ArrayList, HashSet, and HashMap

• It allows for easy manipulation and sorting of collections

• It is part of the Java Collections API

• Example: List names = new ArrayList<>();

• Example: Map ages = new HashMap<>();

Shared variables are accessible by all tasks in a process, while job shared variables are only accessible by tasks in a specific job.

• Shared variables are used to share data between tasks in a process.

• Job shared variables are used to share data between tasks in a specific job.

• Shared variables can cause race conditions and should be used with caution.

• Job shared variables are useful for passing data between tasks in a job without affecting other jobs.

Interface is a contract that defines the methods a class must implement, while abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• Interface cannot have any implementation, while abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java, while abstract classes are used to provide a common base for subclasses.

• Interfaces are ...read more

Entity Framework is a popular ORM tool for connecting to databases in .NET applications.

• Install Entity Framework NuGet package

• Create a DbContext class that inherits from DbContext

• Specify the connection string in the application's configuration file

• Use the DbContext to query and manipulate data from the database

Iterate through the string from end to beginning and append each character to a new string.

• Create an empty string to store the reversed string.

• Iterate through the original string from end to beginning.

• Append each character to the new string.

• Return the reversed string.

Addressing vulnerabilities is crucial for software security, protecting users and maintaining trust in the application.

• Vulnerabilities can lead to data breaches; for example, the Equifax breach exposed sensitive data of 147 million people.

• Ignoring patches can result in exploitations; the WannaCry ransomware attack exploited unpatched Windows systems globally.

• Addressing vulnerabilities enhances the application's reputation; companies like Microsoft regularly patch to maintain ...read more

I have experience using containerization tools like Docker and Kubernetes for microservices deployment.

• I have used Docker to create container images for each microservice.

• I have used Kubernetes to manage the deployment, scaling, and load balancing of the microservices.

• I have also used Helm charts to package and deploy the microservices as a group.

• I have implemented CI/CD pipelines using tools like Jenkins or GitLab to automate the deployment process.

• I have monitored the micro...read more