Structural Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Updated 3 Oct 2024

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Q1. Bending moment and shear force diagram at different location of a indeterminate structure

Ans.

Bending moment and shear force diagrams show internal forces in a structure.

Bending moment diagram shows variation of bending moment along the length of the structure.
Shear force diagram shows variation of shear force along the length of the structure.
Indeterminate structures require solving equations of equilibrium to determine internal forces.
Internal forces can be used to design structural members and ensure safety.
Location of maximum bending moment and shear force can be ...read more

Q2. Tension and compression face in frame structure, retaining wall for different loading etc

Ans.

Tension and compression are important considerations in frame structures and retaining walls for different loading scenarios.

Tension occurs when a force pulls on a material, while compression occurs when a force pushes on a material.
In frame structures, tension and compression forces are distributed throughout the structure to maintain stability.
Retaining walls must be designed to withstand both tension and compression forces from soil pressure and external loads.
Different lo...read more

Q3. Why do we consider the Mass participation ratio for the first three modes for structural analysis using ETABS, is it mandatory?

Ans.

The Mass participation ratio for the first three modes is considered for structural analysis using ETABS to ensure accurate representation of the structure's dynamic behavior.

The Mass participation ratio helps in understanding how much each mode contributes to the overall dynamic response of the structure.
It is important to consider the first three modes as they typically represent the most significant modes of vibration for a structure.
By analyzing the Mass participation rat...read more

Q4. Tension and compression members in Truss for different support conditions

Ans.

Tension and compression members in truss vary based on support conditions.

In a truss with pinned supports, tension members are at the top and compression members are at the bottom.
In a truss with fixed supports, tension and compression members are reversed.
In a cantilever truss, the tension and compression members are on opposite sides of the support.
The type of support greatly affects the forces in the truss members.

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Q5. What would you do if the first or second mode for the model being analyzed is torsional?

Ans.

Perform a torsional analysis to determine the behavior of the structure.

Conduct a torsional analysis to understand the torsional behavior of the structure.
Check for any asymmetries or irregularities in the model that may be causing the torsional mode.
Consider modifying the structural design to address the torsional behavior if necessary.
Consult with senior engineers or experts in structural dynamics for guidance.
Verify the results of the analysis through testing or further si...read more

Q6. How would you calculate brickwork quantity for a specific room/floor?

Ans.

Calculate brickwork quantity by measuring the dimensions of the room/floor and accounting for wastage.

Measure the length, width, and height of the room/floor in meters.
Calculate the surface area to be covered by multiplying the length by the height for each wall and adding them together.
Account for openings such as doors and windows by subtracting their surface area from the total.
Determine the number of bricks needed by dividing the total surface area by the area of one bric...read more

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Q7. What is the machine find out

Ans.

The question is unclear and lacks context. Please provide more information.

Please provide more information about the machine in question.
Without context, it is impossible to determine what the machine is supposed to find out.
Please clarify the question so that a proper answer can be given.

Q8. Types of lod and its stages

Ans.

Types of LOD (Level of Development) include LOD 100, LOD 200, LOD 300, LOD 400, and LOD 500.

LOD 100: Conceptual design with basic geometric shapes.
LOD 200: Design development with more detailed elements and approximate quantities.
LOD 300: Fully coordinated model with accurate quantities and sizes.
LOD 400: Fabrication and assembly details included.
LOD 500: As-built model with exact details for maintenance and operations.