200+ Software Testing Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

The task is to find the maximal AND value and the number of subsequences having this maximal AND value.

• Iterate through all possible k-element subsequences of the given array

• Calculate the bitwise AND of each subsequence

• Track the maximal AND value and the count of subsequences with this value

• Return the maximal AND value and the count modulo 1000000007

For water bottle - scenarios include filling, emptying, spilling, and cleaning. For login page - scenarios include successful login, incorrect password, forgotten password, and account creation.

• Water bottle: filling with water, emptying water, spilling water, cleaning the bottle

• Login page: successful login, incorrect password, forgotten password, account creation

• Water bottle: dropping the bottle, losing the cap, refilling the bottle, carrying the bottle

• Login page: password re...read more

Identify numbers whose sum of digits and number equals given integer N.

• Iterate through numbers from 1 to N and check if sum of number and its digits equals N.

• Use a helper function to calculate sum of digits for a given number.

• Return the numbers that satisfy the condition in increasing order, else return -1.

Reverse a given string containing alphabets, numbers, and special characters.

• Iterate through the characters of the string from end to start and append them to a new string.

• Use built-in functions like reverse() or StringBuilder in languages like Python or Java for efficient reversal.

• Handle special characters and numbers along with alphabets while reversing the string.

• Ensure to consider the constraints on the number of test cases and the length of the input string.

Creating public and private classes in Java is useful for encapsulation and access control.

• Creating a class as public allows it to be accessed from any other class.

• Creating a class as private restricts its access to only within the same class.

• Public classes are typically used for classes that need to be accessed by other classes or modules.

• Private classes are typically used for helper classes or internal implementation details.

• The choice between public and private depends on ...read more

Selenium is a popular testing tool for web applications due to its flexibility, compatibility with multiple browsers, and robust features.

• Selenium supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, and C#, making it versatile for different teams and projects.

• It can automate testing across various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, ensuring consistent results across different platforms.

• Selenium offers a wide range of features for web testing, including the a...read more

Functional testing focuses on the behavior of the software, while non-functional testing evaluates its performance and other quality attributes.

• Functional testing verifies if the software meets the specified functional requirements.

• Non-functional testing checks the performance, reliability, usability, and other non-functional aspects of the software.

• Functional testing is concerned with what the software does, while non-functional testing is concerned with how well it does it....read more

JUnit annotations like @Before, @Test, @After are commonly used with Selenium for test automation.

• Annotations like @Before are used to set up preconditions before each test method.

• Annotations like @Test are used to mark a method as a test method.

• Annotations like @After are used to clean up after each test method.

• Annotations like @Ignore are used to skip a test method.

• Annotations like @RunWith are used to specify a custom test runner.

Questions related to software testing concepts and techniques.

• To add elements to a hashmap, use the put() method.

• To handle a dropdown, use the Select class in Selenium.

• To select a particular value from a dropdown, use the selectByVisibleText() or selectByValue() method.

• To set up Android SDK, download and install Android Studio.

• A data provider is a method used in TestNG to provide test data.

• To perform a right click in action class, use the contextClick() method.

• To remove dupli...read more

I changed career paths towards Software Testing because of my passion for finding bugs and ensuring quality software.

• Passion for finding bugs and ensuring quality software

• Enjoyed testing during previous roles

• Opportunity to learn new skills and technologies

• Believe in the importance of testing in software development

• Desire for a more technical role

Severity is the impact of a bug on the system while priority is the urgency of fixing it.

• Severity is the measure of how much a bug affects the system's functionality or performance.

• Priority is the measure of how urgently a bug needs to be fixed.

• A high severity bug may not have a high priority if it does not affect critical functionality.

• A low severity bug may have a high priority if it affects critical functionality.

• Both severity and priority are used to prioritize bug fixes....read more

Regression, Retesting, Dynamic, Static, and Unit Testing are all important software testing techniques.

• Regression testing ensures that changes to the software do not introduce new bugs.

• Retesting is the process of testing a previously failed test case again after the bug has been fixed.

• Dynamic testing involves executing the code and observing its behavior.

• Static testing involves reviewing the code without executing it.

• Unit testing is the process of testing individual units or ...read more

STLC is a systematic process for testing software applications from planning to closure.

• STLC involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting on tests.

• Phases include requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and closure.

• Each phase has specific deliverables and goals to ensure quality software.

• Example: In requirement analysis, testers review requirements to identify test scenarios.

Automating CAPTCHA testing involves using tools like Selenium, OCR, and machine learning algorithms.

• Use Selenium to interact with the CAPTCHA element on the webpage.

• Integrate Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools to read and interpret the CAPTCHA image.

• Implement machine learning algorithms to train models to solve CAPTCHAs.

• Use browser automation tools like Puppeteer to automate the entire process.

• Consider using third-party CAPTCHA solving services if necessary.

I will discuss the defect with the developer and provide evidence to support my findings.

• Schedule a meeting with the developer to discuss the defect

• Provide evidence to support the defect, such as screenshots or logs

• Explain the impact of the defect on the system or end-users

• Collaborate with the developer to find a solution

• Escalate the issue to the project manager or higher authority if necessary

Explanation of polymorphism, function overloading/overriding, virtual function, and friend function.

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Function overloading is having multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Function overriding is having a derived class provide its own implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class.

• Virtual functions are functions that can be overridden in derived classes.

• Friend function...read more

I would prioritize testing based on risk and impact analysis.

• Conduct a risk and impact analysis to identify critical areas that need immediate testing.

• Focus on testing the most critical functionalities first.

• Automate repetitive and time-consuming tests to save time.

• Collaborate with the development team to identify and fix issues quickly.

• Communicate with stakeholders about the impact of delayed testing and work towards a feasible solution.

Behavioral Driven Development (BDD) is a software development process that encourages collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders.

• BDD focuses on defining the behavior of a system through examples in plain text

• Scenarios are written in a specific format called Gherkin, which uses keywords like Given, When, and Then

• These scenarios serve as both documentation and automated tests

• BDD helps ensure that the development team is building the right features and ...read more

Schema is a blueprint that defines the structure of a database. I used the relational schema in my project.

• Schema is a logical representation of the entire database.

• It defines the tables, fields, relationships, and constraints.

• Relational schema is the most commonly used schema in databases.

• It organizes data into tables with rows and columns.

• Example: Employee table with columns like ID, Name, Age, Salary.

Time complexity refers to the amount of time taken by an algorithm to run, while space complexity refers to the amount of memory used by an algorithm.

• Time complexity is measured by the number of operations an algorithm performs, while space complexity is measured by the amount of memory an algorithm uses.

• An algorithm with a time complexity of O(n) will take longer to run as the input size increases, while an algorithm with a space complexity of O(n) will use more memory as th...read more

Selenium is a tool used for automating web browsers, while Cucumber is a tool used for behavior-driven development.

• Selenium is primarily used for automating web browsers to test web applications.

• Cucumber is a tool that supports behavior-driven development (BDD) by allowing tests to be written in plain language.

• Selenium requires programming knowledge to write test scripts, while Cucumber allows tests to be written in a more human-readable format using Gherkin syntax.

• Selenium c...read more

Challenges faced during testing phase

• Lack of clear requirements

• Limited access to test environment

• Time constraints

• Difficulty in reproducing bugs

• Integration issues with third-party systems

• Lack of proper documentation

• Testing on multiple platforms and devices

• Dealing with unexpected errors

There are five aggregate functions available in SQL: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX.

• COUNT: Returns the number of rows that match a specified condition.

• SUM: Returns the sum of a numeric column.

• AVG: Returns the average value of a numeric column.

• MIN: Returns the minimum value in a column.

• MAX: Returns the maximum value in a column.

Agile is a methodology that focuses on flexibility and adaptability, while Scrum is a specific framework within Agile that defines roles, events, and artifacts.

• Agile is a broader methodology that emphasizes flexibility and adaptability in software development.

• Scrum is a specific framework within Agile that defines roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team), events (Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, Sprint Retrospective), and artifacts (Product Backlog,...read more

Answers to common software testing questions.

• Smoke testing is a quick test to check if the basic functionality of the application is working. Sanity testing is a more thorough test to check if the major functionality of the application is working.

• Adhoc testing is an informal testing technique where the tester tries to break the application by randomly testing it without any specific test cases.

• Globalization testing is the process of testing an application to ensure that it ca...read more

Functional testing is a type of testing that verifies if the software meets the functional requirements.

• It is a black-box testing technique

• It focuses on the external behavior of the software

• It ensures that the software functions as expected

• Types of functional testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing

Positive testing is testing with valid inputs to check if the system behaves as expected. Negative testing is testing with invalid inputs to check if the system handles errors gracefully.

• Positive testing verifies if the system functions as expected with valid inputs.

• Negative testing verifies if the system handles errors gracefully with invalid inputs.

• Positive testing ensures that the system meets the requirements and specifications.

• Negative testing ensures that the system can...read more

Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application or system to find defects and ensure it meets the specified requirements.

• Testing is done to identify defects and ensure the software meets the requirements

• It involves executing the software with the intent of finding errors

• Testing can be done manually or with the help of automated tools

• Types of testing include functional, performance, security, and usability testing

• Testing is an iterative process that contin...read more

Merge sort is a divide and conquer algorithm. Best for large data sets. Code: https://bit.ly/3jJ5J5z

• Divide the array into two halves

• Sort each half recursively

• Merge the sorted halves

• Best for large data sets

• Code: https://bit.ly/3jJ5J5z

The program finds repeating characters in a given string.

• Iterate through each character in the string

• Store each character in a data structure

• If a character is already present in the data structure, it is a repeating character

Objects in Salesforce are database tables that allow storing data. Dynamic dashboards can be scheduled. Different types of reports include tabular, summary, matrix, and joined reports.

• Objects are database tables that store data

• Dynamic dashboards can be scheduled

• Different types of reports include tabular, summary, matrix, and joined reports

Stress testing tests the system's ability to handle extreme conditions, while load testing tests its performance under normal conditions. Manual testing is done by humans to find defects, while functional testing checks if the system meets requirements.

• Stress testing checks the system's response to extreme conditions like high traffic or low memory.

• Load testing checks the system's performance under normal conditions like average traffic.

• Manual testing is done by humans to fin...read more

I ensure accurate data entry and reconciliation with stockist records.

• Verify stockist data against company records

• Ensure accurate data entry and reconciliation

• Communicate with stockist to resolve discrepancies

• Maintain detailed records of all transactions

• Use software tools to streamline data management

Spike and Zero Sprint are Agile terms used for addressing uncertainties and technical challenges.

• Spike is a time-boxed research activity to explore potential solutions or gather information.

• Zero Sprint is a short sprint used to set up the project environment, tools, and infrastructure.

• Spike helps in making informed decisions and reducing risks before committing to a full sprint.

• Zero Sprint ensures that the team is ready to start the project without any technical hindrances.

• Bo...read more

Agile testing is important for continuous feedback, quick adaptation to changes, and delivering high-quality software.

• Allows for continuous feedback from stakeholders and customers

• Enables quick adaptation to changes in requirements or priorities

• Helps in delivering high-quality software in shorter iterations

• Promotes collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders

Answers to common interview questions for a Software Testing Engineer position.

• Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not.

• Scrum is an agile framework for managing work, and Sprint is a time-boxed iteration of work in Scrum.

• API methods are functions that allow developers to interact with a software application or web service.

• Smoke testing is a quick and shallow test to ensure ...read more

Different classes in Java are used to define objects and their behavior.

• Classes are the building blocks of Java programs.

• They define the properties and methods of objects.

• Some commonly used classes in Java are String, Integer, ArrayList, etc.

• Classes can be inherited to create new classes with additional features.

• Java provides a rich set of predefined classes, and developers can create their own classes.

Defect life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, prioritizing, fixing, and verifying defects in software.

• Defect is identified by testers during testing

• Defect is reported to development team

• Development team prioritizes and fixes the defect

• Fixed defect is verified by testers

• If defect is not fixed, it goes back to development team

• If defect is fixed, it is closed

Several levels of testing include unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing.

• Unit testing: testing individual components or modules of the software

• Integration testing: testing how different components/modules work together

• System testing: testing the entire system as a whole

• Acceptance testing: testing to ensure the software meets the requirements and is ready for release

A headless browser is a web browser without a graphical user interface that can be controlled programmatically.

• Headless browsers are used for automated testing and web scraping.

• Selenium can be used with headless browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and PhantomJS.

• Headless browsers are faster and consume less memory than traditional browsers.

• They are also useful for running tests in a continuous integration environment.

• Examples of headless browsers include Chrome Headless, Firefox He...read more

To fetch data from a file in Java, we can use FileInputStream and BufferedReader classes.

• Create a FileInputStream object by passing the file path as a parameter.

• Create a BufferedReader object by passing the FileInputStream object as a parameter.

• Use the readLine() method of BufferedReader to read data from the file.

• Close the BufferedReader and FileInputStream objects using close() method.

Test cases for a pen and door handle

• Pen: ink flow, writing on different surfaces, durability, grip comfort

• Door handle: opening and closing mechanism, durability, ease of use, noise level

Early activities in periodic supervision can be checked through documentation and communication with relevant stakeholders.

• Review documentation such as meeting minutes and progress reports

• Communicate with supervisors and team members involved in the early activities

• Check for any deviations from the planned activities

• Ensure that all necessary steps were taken and documented

• Verify that any issues or concerns were addressed and resolved

Testing Life Cycle includes planning, designing, executing and reporting. Bug Life Cycle includes reporting, assigning, fixing and verifying.

• Testing Life Cycle involves planning, designing, executing and reporting of tests.

• Bug Life Cycle involves reporting, assigning, fixing and verifying bugs.

• Testing Life Cycle starts with requirement analysis and ends with test closure.

• Bug Life Cycle starts with bug reporting and ends with bug closure.

• Testing Life Cycle ensures that the sof...read more

Integration testing is a type of testing where multiple components are tested together to ensure they work as expected.

• Test cases should cover all possible combinations of inputs and outputs

• Test cases should include both positive and negative scenarios

• For an ATM, test cases should cover withdrawal, deposit, balance inquiry, and error scenarios

• Test cases should also cover integration with external systems such as the bank's database

Virtual memory is a memory management technique that allows an operating system to use disk space as an extension of RAM.

• Virtual memory allows running programs to use more memory than physically available.

• It provides a larger address space for programs to store data and instructions.

• Virtual memory uses a combination of RAM and disk space to store data.

• It helps in multitasking by allowing multiple programs to run simultaneously.

• Virtual memory is managed by the operating system...read more

Functional test cases verify if the software meets the requirements while non-functional test cases verify the software's performance.

• Functional test cases ensure the software meets the functional requirements

• Non-functional test cases ensure the software's performance, usability, and security

• Functional test cases are based on user requirements and use cases

• Non-functional test cases are based on performance, reliability, and security requirements

• Examples of functional test cas...read more