100+ Software Engineer II Interview Questions and Answers

I have experience in implementing custom solutions across various segments and use cases.

• Developed a custom CRM system for a retail company

• Implemented a custom inventory management system for a manufacturing company

• Created a custom payment gateway integration for an e-commerce website

• Designed a custom data analytics solution for a healthcare organization

Implement a custom cron job parser as a take-home assignment for Software Engineer II position.

• Understand the cron syntax and how it works

• Parse the cron expression into separate fields (minute, hour, day of month, month, day of week)

• Implement logic to calculate the next execution time based on the current time and cron expression

• Handle edge cases like leap years, different month lengths, etc.

• Test your implementation with various cron expressions

The width of a tree refers to the maximum number of nodes at any level in the tree.

• The width of a tree can be determined by traversing the tree level by level and counting the maximum number of nodes at any level.

• The width of a tree can also be calculated using breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm.

• The width of a tree is not related to the height or depth of the tree.

UDP is connectionless, faster but less reliable. TCP is connection-oriented, slower but more reliable. Linux commands are used for system management. Python basics include dict and tuple data structures.

• UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee delivery of data packets.

• TCP is connection-oriented and ensures reliable delivery of data packets.

• Linux commands like ls, cd, mkdir are used for system management.

• Python dict is a key-value pair data structure, while tuple is an imm...read more

Ensure each user can only claim once, can distribute extra but not less

• Implement a system to track claimed rewards by users

• Set up validation to prevent users from claiming more than once

• Consider implementing a queue system to distribute rewards fairly

• Use a database to store user claims and track distribution

No, C# does not support multiple inheritance.

• C# only supports single inheritance, where a class can inherit from only one base class.

• However, C# does support multiple interface inheritance, where a class can implement multiple interfaces.

• This is achieved using the 'interface' keyword instead of 'class'.

Routing in ASP.NET Core API is performed using the built-in middleware called Endpoint Routing.

• Endpoint Routing is responsible for mapping incoming requests to the appropriate action methods in the controller.

• It uses the HTTP verb, URL pattern, and route data to determine the correct action method.

• Routes can be defined using attributes on the controller and action methods or in the Startup.cs file.

• Middleware like authentication and authorization can be added to the routing pi...read more

Java OOPs concepts and examples

• Encapsulation - hiding data and methods within a class (e.g. private variables)

• Inheritance - creating new classes from existing ones (e.g. subclass extends superclass)

• Polymorphism - using a single method to perform different actions (e.g. method overloading/overriding)

• Abstraction - focusing on essential features and hiding implementation details (e.g. abstract classes/interfaces)

Routing in MVC is done through the use of routes, which map URLs to controller actions.

• Routes are defined in the RouteConfig.cs file in the App_Start folder

• Routes consist of a URL pattern and a corresponding controller action

• Routes can also include optional parameters and constraints

• Routing is done through the use of the ASP.NET routing engine

• Routing can be customized by creating custom route handlers

Utilize multiple distribution centers, automated assembly lines, and efficient transportation to distribute burgers quickly.

• Set up multiple distribution centers in strategic locations to cover a wide area

• Implement automated assembly lines to quickly prepare and package burgers

• Utilize efficient transportation methods such as drones or high-speed delivery vehicles

• Coordinate logistics and timing to ensure smooth and timely distribution

String is immutable to ensure data integrity and thread safety.

• Immutable strings prevent accidental modification of data.

• Immutable strings allow for efficient memory allocation and sharing.

• Immutable strings ensure thread safety by avoiding race conditions.

• Examples of immutable string methods include substring, toLowerCase, and toUpperCase.

To create a dictionary with list as key, use tuple conversion

• Convert the list to a tuple as lists are not hashable

• Use the tuple as the key in the dictionary

• Example: my_dict = {tuple(my_list): value}

• Example: my_dict[tuple(my_list)] = value

Algorithms for object detection include YOLO, Faster R-CNN, SSD, and Mask R-CNN.

• YOLO (You Only Look Once) is a real-time object detection algorithm that uses a single neural network to predict bounding boxes and class probabilities.

• Faster R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) uses a two-stage approach to first propose regions of interest and then classify them.

• SSD (Single Shot Detector) is a one-stage object detection algorithm that uses a single neural network to...read more

Singleton design pattern restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Used when only one instance of a class is required throughout the system

• Provides a global point of access to the instance

• Implemented using a private constructor, static method, and static variable

• Example: Logger class in Java

A Java program that demonstrates the use of HashMap and Java 8 features to manipulate strings.

• Use HashMap to count occurrences of each character in a string. Example: 'hello' -> {h=1, e=1, l=2, o=1}.

• Utilize Java 8 Streams to filter and collect data. Example: filtering characters that appear more than once.

• Implement lambda expressions for concise code. Example: map.put(c, map.getOrDefault(c, 0) + 1) for counting.

• Use Optional to handle potential null values gracefully. Example:...read more

Implement a stack with push, pop, and getmin operations in O(1) time complexity.

• Use two stacks - one for storing the elements and the other for storing the minimum values

• When pushing an element, check if it is smaller than the current minimum and push it to the minimum stack if it is

• When popping an element, check if it is the current minimum and pop it from the minimum stack if it is

• To get the minimum element, simply return the top element of the minimum stack

Extension methods are static methods that allow adding new functionality to existing types without modifying the original type.

• Extension methods are defined in a static class.

• They must be declared with the 'this' keyword before the first parameter.

• They can be called as if they were instance methods of the extended type.

• Extension methods can be used to add functionality to built-in types or custom types.

• Example: adding a method to the string type to convert a string to title c...read more

API is a set of protocols and tools for building software applications. It allows different applications to communicate with each other.

• API stands for Application Programming Interface

• It defines how different software components should interact with each other

• APIs can be used to access data or functionality from other applications or services

• Examples of APIs include Google Maps API, Twitter API, and Facebook API

Binary search trees are used for searching and sorting data, while B+ trees are used for indexing and storing data.

• Binary search trees have a maximum of two children per node, while B+ trees have multiple children per node.

• Binary search trees are best for small datasets, while B+ trees are better for large datasets.

• Binary search trees have a faster search time, while B+ trees have a faster insertion and deletion time.

• Binary search trees are used in databases for searching and...read more

Two technical questions related to algorithms and data structures.

• Max Sum subarray: Find the contiguous subarray with the largest sum. Kadane's algorithm is a popular solution.

• Detect loop in linked list: Use two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other. If they meet, there is a loop.

Filters in MVC are used to intercept and modify HTTP requests and responses.

• Filters can be used to implement authentication and authorization.

• They can also be used for caching and logging.

• Examples of filters include AuthorizationFilter, ActionFilter, and ExceptionFilter.

System design for the game of Snake and Ladder

• Create a board with 100 cells and mark the positions of snakes and ladders

• Implement a player class with a current position on the board

• Roll a dice to move the player and check for snakes and ladders

• Keep track of player scores and winner at the end of the game

Count occurrence of element in an array of strings

• Use a loop to iterate through the array

• Use a dictionary to store the count of each element

• Increment the count for each element encountered

Implementations in front end and backend

• Front end: React, Angular, Vue.js, HTML, CSS, JavaScript

• Backend: Node.js, Python, Java, Ruby, PHP

• Examples: Building a login page with React and Node.js, creating a REST API with Python and Flask

High-level design for a URL shortener system

• Use a database to store original URLs and their corresponding short URLs

• Implement a service to generate unique short URLs and redirect to original URLs

• Consider scalability and performance by using caching and load balancing

• Ensure security by validating input URLs and preventing malicious redirects

Understanding pointer manipulation in C/C++ can lead to unexpected outputs, especially with arrays and dereferencing.

• Pointers hold memory addresses, allowing direct access to variables.

• Dereferencing a pointer gives the value at the address it points to.

• Modifying a value through a pointer affects the original variable.

• Example: int a = 5; int *p = &a; *p = 10; // a is now 10.

• Pointer arithmetic can lead to accessing unintended memory locations.

OOP concepts include class, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Class is a blueprint for creating objects with shared properties and methods.

• Encapsulation is the practice of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors depending on the context.

• Example: A class 'Car' can have properties like 'make'...read more