300+ Programmer Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Supervised learning uses labeled data to train a model, while unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data to find patterns.

• Supervised learning requires a target variable to be predicted, while unsupervised learning does not.

• Supervised learning algorithms include linear regression, logistic regression, and decision trees.

• Unsupervised learning algorithms include clustering, principal component analysis, and anomaly detection.

• Supervised learning is used in applications such as ima...read more

Space complexity refers to the amount of memory used by an algorithm.

• It is a measure of how much memory an algorithm needs to solve a problem.

• It is usually expressed in terms of the amount of memory used by the algorithm as a function of the size of the input.

• Space complexity can be affected by the data structures used in the algorithm.

• For example, an algorithm that uses a hash table will have a higher space complexity than one that uses a simple array.

The three-sigma limit in statistics is a range that includes 99.7% of the data points in a normal distribution.

• The three-sigma limit is also known as the 99.7% confidence interval.

• It is calculated by adding and subtracting three times the standard deviation from the mean.

• For example, if a data set follows a normal distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5, the three-sigma limit would be between 35 and 65.

Android activity life cycle is the sequence of states an activity goes through.

• The life cycle includes states like onCreate(), onStart(), onResume(), onPause(), onStop(), and onDestroy().

• Each state has a specific purpose and can be used to manage the activity's behavior.

• Collections in Java are data structures that store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Examples of collections include ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, and HashMap.

• Collections provide methods for adding, removing,...read more

Code to check prime numbers in an array

• Iterate through each number in the array

• For each number, check if it is divisible by any number from 2 to the square root of the number

• If the number is only divisible by 1 and itself, it is a prime number

I was informed about the company's onboarding process, including orientation, training, and HR policies.

• Received an employee handbook outlining company policies and procedures

• Participated in orientation sessions to learn about company culture and values

• Completed training on specific job responsibilities and software tools

• Met with HR to discuss benefits, payroll, and other administrative details

ViewBag, ViewData and TempData are used to pass data between controller and view in ASP.NET MVC.

• ViewBag is a dynamic object used to pass data from controller to view.

• ViewData is a dictionary object used to pass data from controller to view.

• TempData is a dictionary object used to pass data from one controller action to another.

• ViewBag and ViewData are short-lived and can only be used to pass data from controller to view.

• TempData is used to pass data between controller actions ...read more

Procedures and functions are both subroutines in programming, but functions return a value while procedures do not.

• Procedures are used to perform a specific task and do not return a value.

• Functions are used to perform a specific task and return a value.

• Procedures are called using the CALL statement, while functions are called by assigning their return value to a variable.

• Functions can be used in expressions, while procedures cannot.

• Functions can have parameters, while procedu...read more

SQL query to find second highest salary

• Use ORDER BY and LIMIT to get the highest salary

• Use subquery to exclude the highest salary and get the second highest

Primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table, while Unique key ensures uniqueness of a column.

• Primary key cannot have null values, while Unique key can have one null value.

• A table can have only one Primary key, but multiple Unique keys.

• Primary key is automatically indexed, while Unique key is not necessarily indexed.

To add a field in sale order form and pass the value to invoice and delivery order, modify the code for all three forms.

• Identify the code for sale order form, invoice form, and delivery order form

• Add the new field in the sale order form code

• Modify the invoice and delivery order form code to receive and display the new field value

• Test the changes thoroughly before deploying

Technologies used in IT industry include cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and internet of things.

• Cloud computing: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud

• Artificial intelligence: Machine learning, natural language processing

• Blockchain: Bitcoin, Ethereum

• Internet of things: Smart homes, wearables

Program to check if a number is a palindrome or not.

• Convert the number to a string to easily check for palindrome

• Reverse the string and compare it with the original string

• If they are the same, the number is a palindrome

A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, while a generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

• Motors use electrical energy to create motion, while generators use motion to create electrical energy.

• Motors have a rotor and a stator, while generators have a stator and a rotor.

• Examples of motors include electric fans, washing machines, and power tools, while examples of generators include wind turbines and hydroelectric dams.

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes to store or transmit data.

• Serialization is used to save the state of an object and recreate it when needed.

• In Java, serialization is achieved by implementing the Serializable interface.

• Example: ObjectOutputStream and ObjectInputStream classes are used for serialization in Java.

Python has a vast collection of libraries for various purposes. Some popular ones are NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and Scikit-learn.

• NumPy is used for numerical computing and data analysis.

• Pandas is used for data manipulation and analysis.

• Matplotlib is used for data visualization.

• Scikit-learn is used for machine learning and data mining.

• To use a library, it must be imported at the beginning of the code using the 'import' statement.

• For example, to use NumPy, we can write 'import ...read more

Code to add two objects and get results

• Use the + operator to add the values of the objects

• Ensure that the objects have compatible data types for addition

• Handle any potential errors or exceptions that may occur during the addition

SQL is a language used to manage databases, while SQL Server is a Microsoft product that includes a database management system.

• SQL is a language used to interact with databases, while SQL Server is a Microsoft product that includes a database management system.

• SQL can be used with various database management systems like MySQL, Oracle, etc., while SQL Server is specific to Microsoft.

• SQL is a standard language for querying and managing databases, while SQL Server provides addi...read more

OOPs concepts are fundamental principles in object-oriented programming that help in organizing and designing code.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class). Example: Class Car with properties like make, model, and methods like start(), stop().

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class. Example: Class SUV inheriting from Class Car.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface f...read more

There are several ways to read external data, such as using file input/output operations, database queries, web scraping, and API calls.

• File input/output operations: Reading data from files stored on the local system or network.

• Database queries: Retrieving data from databases using SQL or other query languages.

• Web scraping: Extracting data from websites by parsing HTML or using web scraping libraries.

• API calls: Fetching data from external systems or services through API endpo...read more

To find prime numbers in a series, iterate through each number and check if it's divisible by any number other than 1 and itself.

• Start iterating through the series of numbers

• For each number, check if it's divisible by any number other than 1 and itself

• If it's not divisible by any other number, it's a prime number

• Keep track of all the prime numbers found

I have implemented various design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, and Observer in my projects.

• Implemented Singleton pattern to ensure only one instance of a class is created.

• Utilized Factory pattern to create objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Used Observer pattern to define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.

Output of a given recursive code

• Understand the logic of the recursive function

• Trace the function calls and their return values

• Identify the base case and recursive case

• Check for any errors or infinite loops

Given an array of integers, find the indices of a pair which sum results in K.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if K minus the element exists in the array using a hash table.

• If it exists, return the indices of both elements.

• If it doesn't exist, add the current element to the hash table.

A program to check if a number is Palindrome or not.

• Convert the number to a string

• Reverse the string

• Compare the original string with the reversed string

• If they are equal, the number is a palindrome

• If not, the number is not a palindrome

Quicksort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that sorts an array by partitioning it into two sub-arrays, then recursively sorting the sub-arrays.

• Choose a pivot element from the array.

• Partition the array into two sub-arrays, with elements less than the pivot in one sub-array and elements greater than the pivot in the other sub-array.

• Recursively apply the quicksort algorithm to each sub-array.

• Combine the sorted sub-arrays to obtain the final sorted array.

Recursion is a programming technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem.

• Recursion involves breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems and calling the function recursively to solve them.

• Each recursive call works on a smaller input until a base case is reached to stop the recursion.

• Example: Factorial calculation, Fibonacci sequence, tree traversal.

Capture action is used to extract data from an application while record action is used to automate user actions.

• Capture action is used to capture data from an application's UI elements such as text boxes, drop-downs, etc.

• Record action is used to record user actions such as mouse clicks, keyboard inputs, etc. to automate them later.

• Capture action is used in conjunction with data scraping to extract data from web pages or desktop applications.

• Record action is used to create aut...read more

Pseducode for printing a 5 rows triangle with star elements.

• Use nested loop to print the triangle

• The outer loop will iterate for 5 rows

• The inner loop will print the stars for each row

• The number of stars to print will increase with each row

Python is a versatile programming language known for its simplicity, readability, and vast library support.

• Easy to learn and use, making it ideal for beginners and experienced programmers alike

• Has a large standard library with built-in modules for various tasks, reducing the need for external libraries

• Supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming

• Cross-platform compatibility allows code to run on different operating ...read more

Linked list is a linear data structure where elements are linked using pointers, while a graph is a non-linear data structure consisting of nodes and edges.

• Linked list is a collection of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node.

• Graph is a collection of nodes (vertices) and edges that connect these nodes.

• Linked list is used for implementing data structures like stacks, queues, and hash tables.

• Graph is used to represent relationships between differen...read more

Code to convert lowercase to uppercase within a mixed word

• Iterate through each character in the word

• Check if the character is lowercase using ASCII values

• If lowercase, convert to uppercase using ASCII values

I know several programming languages

• I am proficient in Java, Python, and C++

• I have experience with web development languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• I am familiar with SQL and database management

• I am always eager to learn new languages and technologies

The APIs used in the projects include RESTful APIs, SOAP APIs, and custom APIs for data retrieval and integration.

• RESTful APIs were used for communication between client and server in a stateless manner.

• SOAP APIs were utilized for exchanging structured information in the form of XML messages.

• Custom APIs were developed for specific functionalities and integrations within the projects.

Yes, a method in C# can return multiple values using tuples.

• Tuples can be used to return multiple values from a method.

• Tuples can be declared with the 'Tuple' class or using shorthand syntax.

• Example: (int, string) method() { return (1, 'hello'); }

• Deconstructing tuples can be used to access individual values.

Use a loop to iterate through the characters of the string and count them.

• Create a function that takes a string as input.

• Initialize a counter variable to 0.

• Use a loop to iterate through each character of the string and increment the counter.

• Return the counter as the length of the string.

Defects can be classified into four types: functional, performance, cosmetic, and structural.

• Functional defects affect the functionality of the software, such as incorrect calculations or missing features.

• Performance defects affect the speed or efficiency of the software, such as slow response times or high resource usage.

• Cosmetic defects affect the appearance of the software, such as incorrect fonts or colors.

• Structural defects affect the code structure of the software, such...read more

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• React allows developers to create reusable UI components.

• It uses a virtual DOM for efficient rendering.

• React can be used to build single-page applications.

• React is maintained by Facebook and a community of developers.

• React can be combined with other libraries like Redux for state management.

Common Linux commands used by Programmer Analysts on a daily basis.

• ls - list directory contents

• cd - change directory

• pwd - print working directory

• grep - search for patterns in files

• cat - concatenate and display files

• chmod - change file permissions

• rm - remove files or directories

• mkdir - create directories

• tar - archive files

• ssh - secure shell access

The data type of get colour activity is string.

• The data type of get colour activity is most likely a string, as it typically represents a color name or code.

• Examples of possible data types for get colour activity include 'red', 'blue', '#FFFFFF', etc.

OOP is a programming paradigm based on objects and classes. Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class. Abstraction hides implementation details.

• OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, where data and behavior are encapsulated within objects.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. For example, a Dog and Cat class both inheriting from Animal class.

• Abstraction is the concept of hiding...read more

CORS attack is a type of security exploit where a malicious website gains access to data on another website.

• CORS stands for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing

• It occurs when a website allows access to its resources from other domains without proper security measures

• Attackers can use this vulnerability to steal sensitive data or perform actions on behalf of the user

• Prevention measures include setting proper CORS headers and using authentication tokens

While loop checks the condition before executing the code block, while Do while loop executes the code block first and then checks the condition.

• While loop is entry controlled, Do while loop is exit controlled

• While loop may not execute at all if the condition is false initially, Do while loop executes at least once

• Example: while loop - while(i < 5) { //code } vs. do { //code } while(i < 5)

I have worked on a MVC framework structure in my previous organization.

• Utilized Model-View-Controller architecture for organizing code

• Separated business logic (Model), presentation (View), and user input (Controller)

• Examples: Laravel, Ruby on Rails, Spring MVC

I have used multiple development tools throughout my career.

• I have experience with IDEs such as Eclipse, Visual Studio, and IntelliJ IDEA.

• I have used version control systems like Git and SVN.

• I have worked with build tools like Maven and Gradle.

• I have experience with testing frameworks like JUnit and Selenium.

• I have used debugging tools like Chrome DevTools and Xdebug.

• I have worked with database management tools like MySQL Workbench and phpMyAdmin.

API stands for Application Programming Interface. Bottom-up testing is a testing approach that starts from the lowest level of the software.

• API is a set of protocols, routines, and tools for building software applications.

• API allows different software applications to communicate with each other.

• Bottom-up testing is a testing approach that starts with testing the smallest and lowest level components of the software.

• Bottom-up testing is also known as unit testing.

• Examples of AP...read more

Demonstrate SQL subqueries and analytical functions

• Subqueries can be used to retrieve data from a table based on values in another table

• Analytical functions can be used to perform calculations on a set of rows in a table

• Examples of analytical functions include RANK(), ROW_NUMBER(), and SUM() OVER()

• Subqueries can be used in the SELECT, FROM, WHERE, and HAVING clauses

• Analytical functions can be used in the SELECT and ORDER BY clauses