Production Analyst

70+ Production Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 4 Feb 2025
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Q1. Minimum Time To Solve The Problems

Given 'N' subjects, each containing a certain number of problems, and 'K' friends, assign subjects to friends such that each subject goes to exactly one friend, maintaining co...read more

Q2. Maximum of All Subarrays of Size K

You are provided with an array A containing N integers. Your task is to determine the maximum element in every contiguous subarray of size K as you move from left to right thr...read more

Production Analyst Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

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Q3. LRU Cache Design Question

Design a data structure for a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache that supports the following operations:

1. get(key) - Return the value of the key if it exists in the cache; otherwise, re...read more

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Q4. Shortest Path in a Binary Matrix Problem Statement

Given a binary matrix of size N * M where each element is either 0 or 1, find the shortest path from a source cell to a destination cell, consisting only of 1s...read more

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Q5. you are PM of Netflix what will be the top 3 metrics you will look at and why?

Ans.

The top 3 metrics I would look at as the PM of Netflix are subscriber growth, user engagement, and content performance.

  • Subscriber growth: This metric indicates the success of Netflix in acquiring new customers and expanding its user base. It helps measure the effectiveness of marketing strategies and the overall popularity of the platform.

  • User engagement: This metric measures how actively users are interacting with the platform, such as the number of hours spent watching cont...read more

Q6. Find average n days retention for all users given the user ID, date and activity table. Also another table with the date of joining for each user.

Ans.

Calculate the average n days retention for all users given their user ID, date, activity table, and a table with the date of joining for each user.

  • Join the activity table with the user table using the user ID

  • Calculate the number of days between the date of joining and the activity date

  • Filter out the activities that occurred after n days

  • Calculate the average retention for all users

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Q7. Find nth item without using limit and rank Remove duplicates from combination of two columns, so A1 A2 a b b a Given two columns, remove duplicates for any combination. So the above would be duplicates.

Ans.

To remove duplicates from two columns, use DISTINCT keyword in SELECT statement.

  • Use SELECT DISTINCT to retrieve unique combinations of two columns.

  • Combine the two columns using CONCAT function before applying DISTINCT.

  • Example: SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT(column1, column2) FROM table_name;

Q8. Find out the total time spent by the employees if you have the data for their sign-in and sign-out.

Ans.

To find the total time spent by employees, calculate the difference between sign-in and sign-out times for each employee and sum them up.

  • Iterate through the data for each employee

  • Calculate the time difference between sign-in and sign-out for each employee

  • Sum up the time differences to get the total time spent by all employees

Production Analyst Jobs

Onboarding Product Analyst 6-12 years
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ServiceNow HR Product Analyst 5-10 years
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Q9. 25 horses, find 5 fastest horses, with the constraint that you're only allowed to race 5 horses at a time.

Ans.

Race 5 horses at a time to find the 5 fastest horses out of 25.

  • Divide the horses into 5 groups of 5 horses each.

  • Race all the horses in each group and note down the timings.

  • The top 3 horses from each group move to the next round.

  • Race all the horses that made it to the next round and note down the timings.

  • The top 2 horses from this round move to the final round.

  • Race these 2 horses and the fastest one is the winner.

  • The top 5 horses from all the rounds are the fastest horses.

Q10. What are the elements of writing good user stories?

Ans.

Good user stories have clear goals, are specific, and focus on the user's needs.

  • Clearly define the user and their goal

  • Be specific and avoid ambiguity

  • Focus on the user's needs and motivations

  • Use simple language and avoid technical jargon

  • Include acceptance criteria to define success

  • Keep the story small and manageable

Q11. What are bonds, what can be potential risk in bond? How do you explain bonds to 10 year old kids?

Ans.

Bonds are loans made by investors to companies or governments. They pay interest and have risks such as default and interest rate changes.

  • Bonds are like loans that investors give to companies or governments

  • Investors earn interest on the bonds they buy

  • Bonds have risks such as default, where the borrower can't pay back the loan, and interest rate changes

  • Default risk is higher for bonds issued by companies with poor credit ratings

  • Interest rate risk is higher for bonds with longe...read more

Q12. How do you handle conflicts between two stakeholders?

Ans.

I would listen to both parties, understand their concerns, and try to find a mutually beneficial solution.

  • Listen actively to both parties and understand their perspectives

  • Identify common ground and areas of compromise

  • Propose a solution that addresses the concerns of both parties

  • Communicate the proposed solution clearly and ensure buy-in from both parties

Q13. differentiate between row number and dense rank?

Ans.

Row number is a sequential number assigned to each row, while dense rank assigns a unique rank to each distinct value.

  • Row number is assigned in sequential order to each row in a result set.

  • Dense rank assigns a unique rank to each distinct value in a result set.

  • Row number is not affected by ties, while dense rank is affected by ties.

  • For example, if there are two rows with the same value in a dense rank, they will both receive the same rank.

  • Row number can be generated using the...read more

Q14. What are the different diagrams you have used to explain requirements clearly?

Ans.

I have used various diagrams such as use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, and flowcharts to explain requirements.

  • Use case diagrams to show the interactions between actors and the system

  • Activity diagrams to show the flow of activities within a process

  • Sequence diagrams to show the interactions between objects in a system

  • Flowcharts to show the flow of steps in a process

  • ER diagrams to show the relationships between entities in a database

  • Class diagrams to show ...read more

Q15. What is the difference between relational and non-relational databases, and can you provide examples of each?

Ans.

Relational databases store data in tables with predefined relationships, while non-relational databases store data in flexible, schema-less formats.

  • Relational databases use structured query language (SQL) for querying data

  • Non-relational databases are more flexible and can store data in various formats like key-value pairs, documents, graphs, etc.

  • Examples of relational databases include MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server

  • Examples of non-relational databases include MongoDB, Cassandr...read more

Q16. What is the method to obtain a running total per month for a given sales data set, and how can the three-month moving average of total sales be calculated?

Ans.

Running total per month can be obtained by summing the sales data for each month. Three-month moving average can be calculated by averaging the total sales for the current month and the two previous months.

  • To obtain a running total per month, sum the sales data for each month.

  • To calculate the three-month moving average of total sales, average the total sales for the current month and the two previous months.

  • Example: Running total for January = Sales in January, Three-month mo...read more

Q17. Case Study: Suppose there is a resume builder in Scaler. What metrics should we track on Resume builder.

Ans.

Metrics to track on a resume builder in Scaler

  • Number of resumes created

  • Average time spent on creating a resume

  • Percentage of resumes completed

  • Number of templates used

  • Feedback ratings from users

Q18. Probability of bullet firing if 3 bullets are placed consecutively in a gun

Ans.

The probability of a bullet firing when 3 bullets are placed consecutively in a gun is 1/3.

  • The probability of each bullet firing is independent of the others, assuming the gun is functioning properly.

  • Each bullet has a 1/3 chance of firing when the trigger is pulled.

  • This is assuming all bullets are loaded and the gun is in working condition.

Q19. What could be the root causes of the decline in transactions on an e-commerce platform?

Ans.

Possible root causes of decline in e-commerce transactions

  • Poor user experience leading to high bounce rates

  • Lack of marketing efforts resulting in decreased traffic

  • Technical issues causing website downtime or slow loading times

  • Increased competition from other e-commerce platforms

  • Changes in consumer behavior or preferences

  • Security concerns leading to lack of trust in the platform

Q20. How to handle the product in down sales and how to predict?

Ans.

To handle down sales, analyze market trends, customer feedback, and adjust production accordingly.

  • Analyze market trends to identify potential reasons for down sales

  • Collect and analyze customer feedback to identify areas for improvement

  • Adjust production levels based on market trends and customer feedback

  • Use data analysis tools to predict future sales trends

  • Implement marketing strategies to boost sales

  • Collaborate with sales and marketing teams to identify opportunities for grow...read more

Q21. 1) what are futures and fowards

Ans.

Futures and forwards are financial contracts that allow parties to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price and date in the future.

  • Futures are standardized contracts traded on exchanges, while forwards are customized contracts traded over-the-counter.

  • Both futures and forwards are used for hedging or speculation.

  • Example: A farmer can use a futures contract to lock in a price for their crops before harvest.

  • Example: An investor can use a forward contract to buy a foreign cu...read more

Q22. Which is more efficient: Common Table Expressions (CTEs) or Subqueries?

Ans.

CTEs are generally more efficient than subqueries due to their ability to be reused and optimized by the query planner.

  • CTEs can be referenced multiple times within a query, reducing the need to repeat the same subquery logic.

  • CTEs can improve query readability and maintainability by breaking down complex logic into smaller, more manageable parts.

  • CTEs can be optimized by the query planner, potentially leading to better performance compared to subqueries.

Q23. What are the financial products in derivatives?

Ans.

Financial products in derivatives include options, futures, swaps, and forwards.

  • Options: Contracts that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specific time period.

  • Futures: Contracts to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a future date.

  • Swaps: Agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows or liabilities based on predetermined terms.

  • Forwards: Contracts to buy or sell an asset a...read more

Q24. How will you help user find two tests simultaneously if he doesn't understand

Ans.

I would provide clear step-by-step instructions and visuals to help the user find two tests simultaneously.

  • Provide a detailed written guide with screenshots or diagrams

  • Create a video tutorial demonstrating the process

  • Offer live chat or phone support for personalized assistance

Q25. Any example of a startup which scaled up and what strategy they used?

Ans.

Airbnb scaled up by focusing on user experience and community building.

  • Airbnb focused on creating a seamless user experience through design and technology.

  • They also built a strong community by encouraging hosts to provide personalized experiences for guests.

  • The company used targeted marketing campaigns and partnerships to expand their reach.

  • Airbnb also adapted to local regulations and cultural differences in different markets.

  • They leveraged data and analytics to make informed...read more

Q26. give two table what will happen after inner join, left join and right join

Ans.

Inner join returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables, left join returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table, right join returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

  • Inner join: Only rows with matching values in both tables are returned

  • Left join: All rows from the left table and matched rows from the right table are returned

  • Right join: All rows from the right table and matched rows from t...read more

Q27. What are usage of artificial intelligence in the process industry?

Ans.

Artificial intelligence is used in the process industry for optimizing operations, predictive maintenance, and quality control.

  • Optimizing operations: AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of data to identify inefficiencies and suggest improvements in production processes.

  • Predictive maintenance: AI can analyze sensor data to predict equipment failures and schedule maintenance before breakdowns occur, reducing downtime and costs.

  • Quality control: AI can analyze data from senso...read more

Q28. RCA Question - There is a W-O-W decline of 10% in Add to Cart for Chadhava Section

Ans.

The W-O-W decline of 10% in Add to Cart for Chadhava Section needs to be investigated using Root Cause Analysis.

  • Review recent changes or updates made to the Chadhava Section

  • Check for any technical issues affecting the Add to Cart functionality

  • Analyse user behavior and feedback for the Chadhava Section

  • Compare performance metrics with similar sections or products

  • Consider seasonality or external factors impacting user engagement

Q29. Difference Between Clustered & Non Clustered Indexes Explain the Architecture of Postgres SQL Questions on Window Functions & Joins Theory Questions on Python & Pandas

Ans.

Clustered indexes physically order the data in the table, while non-clustered indexes store a separate copy of the data sorted by the indexed column.

  • Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in the table, making retrieval faster for range queries.

  • Non-clustered indexes store a separate copy of the data sorted by the indexed column, allowing for faster retrieval of specific rows.

  • Example: In a table with a clustered index on the 'ID' column, the data will be physica...read more

Q30. 6) what is credit default swaps

Ans.

Credit default swaps are financial contracts that allow investors to protect themselves against the risk of default on a debt instrument.

  • Credit default swaps are essentially insurance policies on debt instruments.

  • They allow investors to transfer the risk of default to another party.

  • The buyer of a credit default swap pays a premium to the seller, who agrees to pay out in the event of a default.

  • Credit default swaps played a major role in the 2008 financial crisis.

Q31. difference between rank, dense rank and row number

Ans.

Rank assigns a unique number to each row based on a specified column, Dense Rank assigns consecutive numbers without gaps, Row Number assigns a unique number to each row in the result set.

  • Rank function may have gaps in the ranking sequence if there are ties.

  • Dense Rank function does not have gaps in the ranking sequence.

  • Row Number function assigns a unique number to each row in the result set.

  • Example: If we have scores of 90, 85, 85, 80 - Rank would be 1, 2, 2, 4. Dense Rank w...read more

Q32. Teardown & do complete analysis of our Product

Ans.

To teardown and analyze a product, I would follow a systematic approach to identify its components, functions, and potential improvements.

  • Start by identifying the product's key components and their functions

  • Disassemble the product and document each step

  • Analyze each component and its role in the product's overall function

  • Identify potential areas for improvement or optimization

  • Consider user feedback and market trends when evaluating the product's strengths and weaknesses

Q33. What are the financial products?

Ans.

Financial products are instruments or contracts that allow individuals and organizations to manage their financial resources and achieve specific financial goals.

  • Financial products can include savings accounts, checking accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), and money market accounts.

  • Investment products such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are also considered financial products.

  • Insurance products like life insurance, health insurance, and pr...read more

Q34. case study - netflix subscribers decreased. explore the reasons why.

Ans.

Possible reasons for decrease in Netflix subscribers

  • Increased competition from other streaming platforms like Disney+ and Amazon Prime

  • Lack of new and popular content being added to the platform

  • Price increases leading to subscriber churn

  • Negative publicity or controversies surrounding the company

  • Economic downturn affecting disposable income for entertainment services

Q35. Python: Write a code to get the duplicate letter in the string

Ans.

Python code to find duplicate letters in a string

  • Iterate through the string and keep track of the frequency of each letter using a dictionary

  • Return the letters that have a frequency greater than 1 as duplicates

Q36. 2) what are options and it's types

Ans.

Options are financial contracts that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price.

  • Call option: gives the buyer the right to buy an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time period

  • Put option: gives the buyer the right to sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time period

  • American option: can be exercised at any time before the expiration date

  • European option: ca...read more

Q37. How you will manage multiple initiatives?

Ans.

I will prioritize tasks based on deadlines and importance, communicate effectively with stakeholders, and utilize project management tools.

  • Prioritize tasks based on deadlines and importance

  • Communicate effectively with stakeholders to ensure alignment

  • Utilize project management tools to track progress and manage resources

Q38. 5) what is LIBOR and MIBOR

Ans.

LIBOR and MIBOR are benchmark interest rates used in financial markets.

  • LIBOR stands for London Interbank Offered Rate and is the average interest rate at which major banks in London lend to each other.

  • MIBOR stands for Mumbai Interbank Offered Rate and is the interest rate at which banks in Mumbai lend to each other.

  • Both rates are used as benchmarks for various financial products such as loans, mortgages, and derivatives.

  • LIBOR is widely used in international markets while MIBO...read more

Q39. EDA in python, how to find outliers?

Ans.

Outliers can be found using statistical methods such as z-score, IQR, or using machine learning algorithms like isolation forest.

  • Calculate z-score for each data point and consider points with z-score greater than 3 or less than -3 as outliers.

  • Use interquartile range (IQR) to identify outliers. Points outside the range of Q1 - 1.5*IQR and Q3 + 1.5*IQR are considered outliers.

  • Isolation Forest is a machine learning algorithm that can be used to identify outliers in a dataset.

  • Vis...read more

Q40. Guesstimate number of airplanes in Indian air between 5-6pm

Ans.

It is difficult to accurately guesstimate the number of airplanes in Indian air between 5-6pm without specific data.

  • Consider factors like peak travel times, airport locations, and flight schedules.

  • Approximately 2,000 flights operate in India daily, so a rough estimate could be around 80-100 airplanes in the air at any given time.

  • Traffic congestion near major airports like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore may result in higher numbers of airplanes in the air during peak hours.

Q41. 8) formula of v-lookup and H-lookup

Ans.

VLOOKUP searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a corresponding value in the same row. HLOOKUP does the same horizontally.

  • VLOOKUP: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

  • HLOOKUP: =HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])

  • lookup_value: the value to search for in the first row or column of the table

  • table_array: the range of cells that contains the data to be searched

  • col_index_num/row_index_num: the colum...read more

Q42. find row_number , rank and dense rank on give table

Ans.

Row_number, rank, and dense rank functions are used to assign a unique number to each row in a result set based on specified criteria.

  • Use ROW_NUMBER() to assign a unique sequential integer to each row in the result set.

  • Use RANK() to assign a unique rank to each row based on the specified ordering.

  • Use DENSE_RANK() to assign a unique rank to each row without any gaps in the ranking.

Q43. what is the difference between where and having

Ans.

WHERE is used to filter rows before grouping or aggregating, while HAVING is used to filter groups after grouping or aggregating.

  • WHERE is used with SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE statements to filter rows based on a condition

  • HAVING is used with GROUP BY clause to filter groups based on a condition

  • WHERE is applied before the grouping operation, while HAVING is applied after the grouping operation

Q44. 3) what is pivot table

Ans.

A pivot table is a data summarization tool used in spreadsheet programs.

  • It allows users to group and summarize large amounts of data in a concise, tabular format.

  • Users can easily manipulate the data by dragging and dropping fields into different areas of the table.

  • Pivot tables are commonly used in data analysis and business intelligence to identify trends and patterns.

  • For example, a sales team might use a pivot table to analyze sales data by region, product, and time period.

Q45. What do you know about life insurance?

Ans.

Life insurance is a financial product that provides a lump sum payment to beneficiaries upon the insured's death.

  • Life insurance provides financial protection for loved ones in the event of the insured's death.

  • There are different types of life insurance policies, such as term life, whole life, and universal life.

  • Premiums are paid by the policyholder in exchange for coverage, and the payout is made to beneficiaries upon the insured's death.

  • Life insurance can also have cash valu...read more

Q46. What do you know about the SDLC?

Ans.

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

  • SDLC is a structured process that consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

  • Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables to ensure the successful completion of the software project.

  • SDLC helps in improving the quality of the software, reducing development tim...read more

Q47. Guesstimate on TV ad revenue per year in US.

Ans.

TV ad revenue in US is estimated to be around $70 billion per year.

  • TV ad revenue in US has been steadily increasing over the years

  • In 2019, TV ad revenue in US was $70.8 billion

  • Factors affecting TV ad revenue include viewership, ad rates, and competition

  • TV ad revenue is expected to decline in the coming years due to the rise of streaming services

Q48. How does indian market work?

Ans.

The Indian market is a complex and diverse market with a large population and varying consumer behaviors.

  • India has a population of over 1.3 billion people, making it the second most populous country in the world.

  • The market is diverse with varying consumer behaviors and preferences across different regions and socio-economic groups.

  • The market is heavily influenced by cultural and religious factors.

  • E-commerce is rapidly growing in India, with companies like Flipkart and Amazon ...read more

Q49. Case study / real world example to tackle the ship

Ans.

Analyzing shipping data to optimize routes and reduce costs

  • Collect and analyze historical shipping data to identify inefficiencies

  • Utilize data visualization tools to map out current shipping routes and costs

  • Identify potential alternative routes or shipping methods to reduce costs and improve efficiency

  • Implement changes and monitor the impact on shipping costs and delivery times

Q50. Guesstimate number of dogs there in Hyderabad

Ans.

It is estimated that there are around 500,000 dogs in Hyderabad based on population density and pet ownership trends.

  • Consider the population of Hyderabad and the percentage of households that own dogs

  • Look at the average number of dogs per household in the area

  • Factor in the number of stray dogs in the city

  • Consult local animal welfare organizations for more accurate data

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