Firmware Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Design FSM to generate square waves at 1KHz and 2KHz on ports P1 and P2, optimize prime number code.

• Implement a Finite State Machine (FSM) to generate square waves at 1KHz and 2KHz on ports P1 and P2.

• Use counters and timers to control the frequency of the square waves.

• Optimize the prime number code by using algorithms like Sieve of Eratosthenes or trial division.

Function pointers are pointers that point to functions instead of data. They are used to call different functions dynamically at runtime.

• Function pointers are used to pass functions as arguments to other functions.

• They can be used to implement callbacks in event-driven programming.

• Function pointers can be stored in arrays or structs for easy access and manipulation.

• Example: int (*funcPtr)(int, int) = &add; // funcPtr points to a function add that takes two int arguments and r...read more

The different storage classes in C programming language are auto, register, static, extern, and typedef.

• Auto storage class is the default storage class for all local variables. It is automatically assigned to a variable when it is declared.

• Register storage class is used to define local variables that should be stored in a register instead of RAM. It is used for variables that require quick access.

• Static storage class instructs the compiler to keep a local variable in existenc...read more

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction, while a Zener diode is a special type of diode that allows current to flow in reverse direction when a certain voltage is reached.

• Diodes are used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation.

• Zener diodes are used for voltage regulation and protection against voltage spikes.

• Diodes have a forward voltage drop, while Zener diodes have a breakdown voltage.

• Diodes have a s...read more

Compilation process in C programming converts source code into machine code executable by the computer.

• Source code written in C is first preprocessed to include header files and macros.

• The preprocessed code is then compiled into assembly code by the compiler.

• The assembly code is then translated into machine code by the assembler.

• Finally, the linker combines the machine code with libraries to create the executable file.

• Example: gcc -o outputfile sourcefile.c

Communication protocols are sets of rules that govern the exchange of data between devices.

• Some common communication protocols include UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, Ethernet, and USB.

• Each protocol has its own advantages and disadvantages, and is suited for different types of applications.

• For example, UART is a simple protocol commonly used for serial communication between microcontrollers and sensors, while Ethernet is a more complex protocol used for networking.

• Understanding differen...read more

BJT and MOSFET are models used to represent transistors in electronic circuits.

• BJT stands for Bipolar Junction Transistor and has three regions: emitter, base, and collector.

• MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor and has three terminals: source, gate, and drain.

• BJT is a current-controlled device while MOSFET is a voltage-controlled device.

• BJT has a low input impedance while MOSFET has a high input impedance.

• BJT is used in low power applications wh...read more