Firmware Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Design FSM to generate square waves at 1KHz and 2KHz on ports P1 and P2, optimize prime number code.

• Implement a Finite State Machine (FSM) to generate square waves at 1KHz and 2KHz on ports P1 and P2.

• Use counters and timers to control the frequency of the square waves.

• Optimize the prime number code by using algorithms like Sieve of Eratosthenes or trial division.

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction, while a Zener diode is a special type of diode that allows current to flow in reverse direction when a certain voltage is reached.

• Diodes are used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation.

• Zener diodes are used for voltage regulation and protection against voltage spikes.

• Diodes have a forward voltage drop, while Zener diodes have a breakdown voltage.

• Diodes have a s...read more

Function pointers are pointers that point to functions instead of data. They are used to call different functions dynamically at runtime.

• Function pointers are used to pass functions as arguments to other functions.

• They can be used to implement callbacks in event-driven programming.

• Function pointers can be stored in arrays or structs for easy access and manipulation.

• Example: int (*funcPtr)(int, int) = &add; // funcPtr points to a function add that takes two int arguments and r...read more

The different storage classes in C programming language are auto, register, static, extern, and typedef.

• Auto storage class is the default storage class for all local variables. It is automatically assigned to a variable when it is declared.

• Register storage class is used to define local variables that should be stored in a register instead of RAM. It is used for variables that require quick access.

• Static storage class instructs the compiler to keep a local variable in existenc...read more

Communication protocols are sets of rules that govern the exchange of data between devices.

• Some common communication protocols include UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, Ethernet, and USB.

• Each protocol has its own advantages and disadvantages, and is suited for different types of applications.

• For example, UART is a simple protocol commonly used for serial communication between microcontrollers and sensors, while Ethernet is a more complex protocol used for networking.

• Understanding differen...read more

Compilation process in C programming converts source code into machine code executable by the computer.

• Source code written in C is first preprocessed to include header files and macros.

• The preprocessed code is then compiled into assembly code by the compiler.

• The assembly code is then translated into machine code by the assembler.

• Finally, the linker combines the machine code with libraries to create the executable file.

• Example: gcc -o outputfile sourcefile.c

This program reverses a given string in C language.

• Declare a character array to store the input string.

• Find the length of the string using the strlen() function.

• Initialize two variables, one pointing to the start of the string and the other pointing to the end.

• Swap the characters at the start and end positions using a temporary variable.

• Increment the start pointer and decrement the end pointer until they meet in the middle.

• Print the reversed string.