100+ Engineer Trainee Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

The question is about finding the total number of handshakes in a meeting of 10 people.

• Each person shakes hands with 9 others.

• Total handshakes = 10 x 9 / 2 = 45.

The minimum number of socks to be picked to obtain at least 1 rightly colored pair is 3.

• Pick 2 socks of different colors first, then the next sock picked will definitely match one of the colors already picked.

• In the worst case scenario, the first 2 socks picked will be of different colors.

• Therefore, the minimum number of socks to be picked is 3.

To merge two CSV files with 2 columns each in Python, use the pandas library.

• Import the pandas library

• Read the two CSV files into pandas DataFrames

• Merge the DataFrames using a common column as the key

• Save the merged DataFrame to a new CSV file

A technical interview for Engineer Trainee covering topics such as CMOS, latch, flip flops, MOSFET, and dynamic memory.

• CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor and is a type of technology used in microprocessors and digital logic circuits.

• A latch is a type of digital circuit that can store one bit of information.

• The main difference between a latch and a flip flop is that a flip flop has a clock input and can store information for a longer period of time.

• To make...read more

Fluid is a substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Bernoulli's Equation relates pressure, velocity, and elevation in a fluid flow.

• Fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under an applied shear stress, no matter how small.

• Bernoulli's Equation: P + 1/2ρv^2 + ρgh = constant, where P is pressure, ρ is density, v is velocity, and h is height.

• Pressure term (P): Represents the internal energy per unit volume due to molecular collisions.

• Kinetic energy term (...read more

My final year project was on logistic regression.

• Logistic regression is a statistical model used to predict binary outcomes.

• It is a type of regression analysis where the dependent variable is categorical.

• The model estimates the probability of the outcome based on the input variables.

• It uses a logistic function to map the predicted values to probabilities.

• The model is commonly used in various fields like finance, marketing, and healthcare.

• For example, logistic regression can b...read more

Pass-by-value is a method of passing arguments to a function where the actual value of the argument is copied to a new variable.

• In pass-by-value, a copy of the actual value of the argument is passed to the function.

• Any changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original value outside the function.

• Primitive data types like integers, floats, and characters are typically passed by value.

• Example: int x = 10; foo(x); // the value of x (10) is copied to a n...read more

Interview questions for Trainee Engineer on cloud computing, IAAS, SAAS, Java app components, SQL, and HTML.

• Cloud computing is a network of remote servers used to store, manage, and process data while grid computing is a distributed computing infrastructure that connects multiple computers to solve a single problem.

• IAAS (Infrastructure as a Service) provides virtualized computing resources over the internet while SAAS (Software as a Service) provides software applications ove...read more

Use a loop to iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum and second-maximum numbers.

• Initialize two variables to store the maximum and second-maximum numbers.

• Iterate through the array and update the variables accordingly.

• Handle edge cases like when the array has less than two elements.

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method to test a hypothesis about a population parameter. P-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one computed from the sample data, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

• Hypothesis testing involves formulating a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis

• A test statistic is computed from the sample data and compared with a critical value or p-value

• If the p-value is less than the significance level, the n...read more

AC is sold in Electronics shops because it is an electrical appliance that utilizes electronic components for its operation.

• ACs use electronic components like capacitors, resistors, and microcontrollers for regulating temperature and controlling functions.

• Electronics shops specialize in selling a wide range of electronic devices, including appliances like ACs.

• ACs are considered as part of the electronics category due to their reliance on electronic technology for operation.

To operate 4 different light bulbs under different trigger conditions, use a combination of switches, timers, sensors, and programming.

• Use individual switches to control each light bulb independently.

• Set up timers to automatically turn on/off specific light bulbs at scheduled times.

• Utilize sensors such as motion sensors or light sensors to trigger certain light bulbs based on environmental conditions.

• Program a microcontroller or smart home system to control the operation of a...read more

The operating system in Apple phones is iOS.

• iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc.

• It is the second most popular mobile operating system in the world.

• iOS is known for its user-friendly interface and security features.

• Examples of Apple phones that run on iOS are iPhone 12, iPhone 11, and iPhone SE.

Program to print prime numbers

• Start with a loop from 2 to n (number to check)

• For each number, check if it is divisible by any number from 2 to its square root

• If not divisible, it is a prime number and print it

Machine learning is a subset of AI that involves training machines to learn from data. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to learn from large amounts of data.

• Machine learning involves training machines to learn from data and make predictions or decisions based on that data.

• Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to learn from large amounts of data.

• Deep learning is particularly useful for tasks such as image ...read more

The critical temperature of steel is the temperature at which it loses its magnetic properties.

• The critical temperature of steel is around 770°C (1420°F).

• Above this temperature, steel becomes non-magnetic and undergoes a phase change.

• The critical temperature varies depending on the type of steel and its composition.

Creep is the slow, time-dependent deformation of a material under constant load, while fatigue is the weakening of a material due to repeated loading and unloading.

• Creep is a time-dependent phenomenon, while fatigue is a cyclic phenomenon.

• Creep occurs at high temperatures and constant stress, while fatigue occurs at lower temperatures and varying stress levels.

• Creep leads to permanent deformation, while fatigue can lead to crack initiation and propagation.

• Examples of creep in...read more

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

• Entropy in a closed system tends to increase over time

• Heat energy naturally flows from hot to cold objects

• Efficiency of energy conversion processes is limited by the second law of thermodynamics

To make a transistor, semiconductor material can be used to create a structure with three layers: emitter, base, and collector.

• Start by doping the semiconductor material with impurities to create the different layers.

• Use lithography and etching techniques to define the structure of the transistor.

• Add metal contacts to the different layers to allow for electrical connections.

• Test the transistor to ensure proper functionality and characteristics.

• Examples: Silicon can be doped w...read more

Types of steel include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, and tool steel. They can be differentiated based on their composition, properties, and applications.

• Carbon steel contains primarily carbon and iron, with low amounts of other elements. It is commonly used in construction and manufacturing.

• Alloy steel contains additional elements such as manganese, silicon, and copper to enhance its properties. It is used in automotive and aerospace industries.

• Stainless steel c...read more

Interface in Java defines a set of methods that a class must implement.

• Interface in Java is a blueprint of a class. It only contains method signatures without the body.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one class.

• Example: interface Animal { void eat(); } class Dog implements Animal { public void eat() { System.out.println("Dog is eating"); }}

We use sample over population to save time, money and resources.

• Sampling is less time-consuming and cost-effective than studying the entire population.

• Sampling helps to reduce errors and biases that may occur in studying the entire population.

• Sampling is useful when the population is too large to study in its entirety.

• Sampling can provide accurate results if the sample is representative of the population.

Main bars are provided in the bottom of the beam to resist tensile forces.

• Main bars are placed at the bottom of the beam to resist tensile forces.

• The spacing and size of the bars depend on the load and span of the beam.

• In simply supported beams, main bars are provided at the bottom of the beam.

• In cantilever beams, main bars are provided at the bottom of the beam and extended into the supporting structure.

• Main bars are usually made of steel and are placed parallel to the lengt...read more

Basic electronics components include resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.

• Resistors: Used to control the flow of electric current.

• Capacitors: Store and release electrical energy.

• Diodes: Allow current to flow in one direction.

• Transistors: Amplify or switch electronic signals.

• Integrated Circuits: Contain multiple electronic components on a single chip.

A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. 2 level control of boiler involves maintaining water level. Cv is a formula for valve capacity. Different types of pressure gauges include bourdon tube, diaphragm, and digital.

• Boiler is a closed vessel used to heat water or other fluids.

• 2 level control of boiler involves maintaining water level at two different points to ensure safe operation.

• Cv is the formula for valve capacity and is calculated as the flow...read more

In Java, a class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the properties and behaviors of objects.

• A class in Java is a template for creating objects, which encapsulates data for the object and methods to manipulate that data.

• Classes are defined using the 'class' keyword followed by the class name.

• Example: class Car { private String color; public void setColor(String c) { color = c; } }

I have utilized networking concepts in projects by implementing client-server communication, setting up network configurations, and troubleshooting network issues.

• Implemented client-server communication using sockets in a chat application project

• Configured network settings such as IP addresses and ports for a web server project

• Troubleshooted network issues like latency and packet loss in a network monitoring tool project

Types of joins include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join returns only the matching records from both tables.

• Left join returns all records from the left table and the matching records from the right table.

• Right join returns all records from the right table and the matching records from the left table.

• Full outer join returns all records when there is a match in either the left or right table.

Creating a student table in SQL with ID and name columns and setting the order of ID

• Use CREATE TABLE command to create the student table

• Specify ID and name columns with their data types

• Set the ID column as the primary key to enforce uniqueness and order

Some mathematical formulas for area of circle, volume of cone, and volume of sphere.

• Area of circle: A = πr²

• Volume of cone: V = (1/3)πr²h

• Volume of sphere: V = (4/3)πr³

A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device used to transport fluids by converting rotational energy into hydrodynamic energy.

• Centrifugal pumps are commonly used in industries such as oil and gas, water treatment, and chemical processing.

• They work by using an impeller to create a centrifugal force that pushes the fluid towards the pump outlet.

• The impeller rotates at high speeds, generating kinetic energy that is then converted into pressure energy.

• Centrifugal pumps are efficien...read more

To rectify network problems in an organization, I would follow a systematic approach.

• Identify the problem by analyzing network logs and monitoring tools.

• Isolate the problem by checking individual devices and connections.

• Resolve the problem by updating firmware, replacing faulty hardware, or reconfiguring network settings.

• Test the network to ensure the problem is resolved and document the solution for future reference.

Answers to questions related to ferrous and non-ferrous metals, carbon phase diagram, and low/high carbon steel.

• Ferrous metals contain iron, while non-ferrous metals do not.

• Carbon phase diagram shows the relationship between temperature, pressure, and the phases of carbon.

• Low carbon steel has a carbon content of less than 0.3%, while high carbon steel has a carbon content of more than 0.6%.

• Examples of ferrous metals include iron, steel, and cast iron, while examples of non-fe...read more

Workstations are used for individual work while servers are used for sharing resources and managing network traffic.

• Workstations are designed for individual use and are typically used for tasks such as word processing, web browsing, and graphic design.

• Servers are designed to provide services to multiple users and devices on a network, such as file sharing, email, and web hosting.

• Servers are typically more powerful than workstations and have more storage capacity, memory, and ...read more

Yes, I have experience in software installation.

• I have installed various software applications on both Windows and Mac operating systems.

• I am familiar with the process of downloading software from the internet and following installation instructions.

• I have experience in troubleshooting software installation issues and resolving them.

• I have installed software for both personal use and in professional settings.

• I am comfortable working with different types of software, including...read more

There are seven types of plastics commonly used.

• Polyethylene (PE)

• Polypropylene (PP)

• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• Polystyrene (PS)

• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

• Polyurethane (PU)

• Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)

There are various types of filters present such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, etc.

• Low-pass filter allows low-frequency signals to pass through and attenuates high-frequency signals.

• High-pass filter allows high-frequency signals to pass through and attenuates low-frequency signals.

• Band-pass filter allows a specific range of frequencies to pass through and attenuates others.

• Band-stop filter attenuates a specific range of frequencies and allows others to pass thr...read more

Free air delivery is the volume of compressed air delivered by a compressor at a given pressure and temperature.

• It is the actual amount of air delivered by a compressor to the system

• It is measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM)

• It takes into account the pressure and temperature of the compressed air

• It is affected by factors such as compressor size, speed, and efficiency

• It is important to consider when selecting a compressor for a specific application

A do-while loop is a control flow statement that executes a block of code at least once before checking the condition.

• The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, but the condition is checked at the end of the loop.

• The loop will always execute at least once, even if the condition is false.

• Syntax: do { // code block } while (condition);

• Example: do { x++; } while (x < 10);

Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into finished products through various methods.

• Types of manufacturing include discrete manufacturing, process manufacturing, and job shop manufacturing.

• Discrete manufacturing involves the production of distinct items such as cars or computers.

• Process manufacturing involves the production of goods that are produced in bulk such as chemicals or food products.

• Job shop manufacturing involves the production of custom-made pr...read more

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.

• Arduino is a microcontroller board used for building digital devices and interactive objects.

• It is programmed using the Arduino software, which is based on C++ programming language.

• Power can be distributed to Arduino through USB, battery, or external power supply.

• Arduino has multiple input and output pins that can be used to connect sensors, actuators, and other electronic components.

Stack is a linear data structure while tree is a hierarchical data structure.

• Stack is a collection of elements with LIFO (Last In First Out) order.

• Tree is a collection of nodes with parent-child relationship.

• Stack has only one entry and exit point while tree can have multiple entry and exit points.

• Stack is used for backtracking, undo operations, etc. while tree is used for representing hierarchical data like file systems, organization charts, etc.

Formula to calculate weight of steel based on diameter

• Formula: (dia. x dia.) ÷ 162

• dia. refers to the diameter of the steel

• 162 is a constant used in the formula

• The result will be in kg/metre

• Example: For a steel with diameter of 10mm, weight would be (10 x 10) ÷ 162 = 0.617 kg/metre

QA focuses on preventing defects while QC focuses on identifying and correcting defects.

• QA involves the process of ensuring that the product meets the specified requirements and standards.

• QC involves the process of identifying defects in the product and correcting them.

• QA is a proactive approach while QC is a reactive approach.

• QA is a preventive measure while QC is a corrective measure.

• Example of QA: Reviewing requirements, creating test plans, and conducting code reviews.

• Exa...read more

A gear is a mechanical device that transmits rotational motion and power between two or more rotating shafts.

• Gears are used in various machines and mechanisms to change the speed, torque, and direction of rotation.

• They consist of toothed wheels that mesh together to transmit power.

• Different types of gears include spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, etc.

• Spur gears are the most common type, with straight teeth parallel to the gear axis.

• Helical gears have angled ...read more

Explanation of a class in Java using a fruit class example

• A class in Java is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the properties and behaviors of objects.

• In the case of a fruit class, properties could include name, color, and taste, while behaviors could include methods like ripen() and rot().

• Example: class Fruit { String name; String color; String taste; void ripen() { //code to ripen fruit } void rot() { //code to rot fruit }}

A Java program to check if a given string is a palindrome.

• Create a function that takes a string as input.

• Use two pointers, one starting from the beginning and one from the end, to compare characters.

• If all characters match, the string is a palindrome.

• Example: 'racecar' is a palindrome, 'hello' is not.