20+ Cloud Architect Interview Questions and Answers

Access control for data platform with multiple vendors is managed through IAM policies, role-based access control, and centralized identity management.

• Implement IAM policies to control access to resources within each vendor platform

• Utilize role-based access control to assign permissions based on job function or responsibility

• Implement centralized identity management to ensure consistent access control across all platforms

• Regularly review and audit access controls to ensure co...read more

SR-IOV and DPDK are technologies used to improve network performance in virtualized environments.

• SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) allows a single physical network interface card (NIC) to appear as multiple virtual NICs, improving network performance by reducing overhead.

• DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit) is a set of libraries and drivers for fast packet processing, bypassing the kernel network stack for improved performance.

• SR-IOV is hardware-based virtualization, while...read more

Cloud is a network of remote servers that store, manage, and process data.

• Cloud computing allows users to access data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection

• Examples of cloud services include AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and Dropbox

• Cloud architecture involves designing and managing cloud infrastructure for optimal performance and security

Manually deploying OpenStack involves several steps including setting up the environment, installing the necessary components, configuring networking, and launching instances.

• Set up the environment by installing a base operating system such as Ubuntu or CentOS.

• Install the necessary components like Keystone, Glance, Nova, Neutron, and Cinder.

• Configure networking by setting up bridges, VLANs, and IP addresses.

• Launch instances to test the deployment and ensure everything is func...read more

Azure offers several load balancers for distributing traffic and a SAS token for secure resource access.

• Azure Load Balancer: Distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers.

• Application Gateway: A web traffic load balancer that enables you to manage traffic to your web applications.

• Traffic Manager: A DNS-based traffic load balancer that allows you to distribute traffic globally across Azure regions.

• Internal Load Balancer: Used for load balancing traffic within a v...read more

Designed a scalable healthcare application on Azure using microservices and serverless architecture for efficient data processing.

• Utilized Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) for container orchestration, enabling easy scaling and management of microservices.

• Implemented Azure Functions for serverless computing, allowing event-driven processing of patient data.

• Used Azure Cosmos DB for a globally distributed database solution, ensuring low-latency access to patient records.

• Integrated...read more

The process flow for instance creation involves selecting the instance type, configuring the instance settings, launching the instance, and monitoring its status.

• Select the instance type based on requirements (e.g. CPU, memory, storage)

• Configure the instance settings such as network, security, and storage options

• Launch the instance using the chosen settings

• Monitor the instance status to ensure it is running properly

Nova conductor is responsible for offloading certain tasks from the Nova compute service to improve performance and scalability.

• Manages scheduling and resource allocation for instances

• Handles live migrations of instances between compute nodes

• Improves performance and scalability by offloading tasks from Nova compute service

Application Insights is a tool for monitoring the performance and usage of applications, while Azure Monitoring is a broader service for monitoring the health and performance of Azure resources.

• Application Insights is focused on monitoring applications and provides detailed insights into application performance, availability, and usage.

• Azure Monitoring is a comprehensive service that monitors the health and performance of various Azure resources, including virtual machines, d...read more

Design a data processing system for 1 pb data per day with Spark cluster configuration

• Use a distributed storage system like HDFS or S3 to store the massive amount of data

• Deploy a large Spark cluster with high memory and CPU resources to handle the processing

• Utilize Spark's parallel processing capabilities to efficiently process the data in parallel

• Consider using Spark's caching and persistence mechanisms to optimize performance

• Implement fault tolerance mechanisms in the Spark...read more

North-south traffic refers to communication between a client and a server, while east-west traffic refers to communication between servers within a network.

• North-south traffic is traffic that flows between a client and a server, typically involving external network communication.

• East-west traffic is traffic that flows between servers within a network, often involving internal communication.

• Examples of north-south traffic include a user accessing a website hosted on a server, ...read more

Caching in tools like Redshift and Snowflake improves query performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory.

• Caching in Redshift involves using WLM (Workload Management) to allocate memory for caching frequently accessed data.

• Snowflake uses a feature called Result Caching to store query results in memory for faster access.

• Caching helps reduce the need to access disk storage, improving query performance and reducing latency.

Optimize data transfer by compressing data, using caching, minimizing unnecessary transfers, and utilizing efficient protocols.

• Utilize data compression techniques to reduce the size of data being transferred

• Implement caching mechanisms to store frequently accessed data locally and reduce the need for repeated transfers

• Minimize unnecessary data transfers by only sending essential data and avoiding redundant transfers

• Utilize efficient protocols such as HTTP/2 or QUIC to optimiz...read more

Git fetch downloads changes from the remote repository, while git pull downloads changes and merges them into the current branch.

• Git fetch only downloads changes from the remote repository, but does not merge them into the current branch.

• Git pull downloads changes from the remote repository and merges them into the current branch.

• Git fetch is useful for reviewing changes before merging, while git pull is more convenient for quickly updating the local branch.

Hybrid cloud implementation involves integrating public and private cloud environments for flexibility and scalability.

• Identify workloads suitable for public and private clouds

• Establish secure connections between the two environments

• Use cloud management tools for centralized control and monitoring

• Implement data migration strategies for seamless movement between clouds

Operating models in Hybrid Cloud refer to the strategies and frameworks used to manage and optimize the combination of on-premises and cloud resources.

• Hybrid Cloud operating models involve integrating on-premises infrastructure with public and private cloud services.

• They require a balance between security, cost-effectiveness, and performance.

• Examples of operating models include cloud bursting, data tiering, and workload migration strategies.

• Organizations may choose to adopt a...read more

Ingress is a Kubernetes resource that manages external access to services within a cluster.

• Ingress allows you to define routing rules to map incoming requests to services based on the request host or path.

• It acts as a layer 7 load balancer, directing traffic to the appropriate services.

• Ingress controllers are responsible for implementing the rules defined in the Ingress resource.

• Common Ingress controllers include Nginx Ingress Controller and Traefik.

• Ingress can provide SSL te...read more