10+ Associate Scientist Interview Questions and Answers

One way to extract acid product from reaction mixture without using a column is through liquid-liquid extraction.

• Perform liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent that selectively extracts the acid product

• Separate the layers and collect the solvent layer containing the acid product

• Repeat the extraction process if necessary to increase yield

• Evaporate the solvent to obtain the pure acid product

A typical cloning project involves isolating a gene of interest, amplifying it using PCR, inserting it into a vector, transforming it into a host organism, and analyzing the results.

• Isolation of the gene of interest

• Amplification of the gene using PCR

• Insertion of the gene into a vector

• Transformation of the vector into a host organism

• Analysis of the results

Cis and trans structures can be differentiated analytically based on their molecular symmetry and spectroscopic properties.

• Cis isomer has similar groups on the same side of the double bond, while trans isomer has them on opposite sides.

• Analytical techniques like NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

• Infrared spectroscopy can also be helpful in distinguishing between cis and trans isomers based on their vibrational frequencies...read more

HATU is used as a coupling reagent in acid amine coupling to form peptide bonds.

• HATU stands for 2-(1H-7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate

• It is a highly efficient coupling reagent used in solid-phase peptide synthesis

• HATU activates carboxylic acids to form reactive intermediates that can react with amines to form peptide bonds

• It is preferred over other coupling reagents like DCC and DIC due to its higher efficiency and lower epimerization rat...read more

Protein powder formulation involves combining various protein sources, flavors, sweeteners, and additives to create a powdered supplement.

• Protein powder formulation typically starts with selecting protein sources such as whey, casein, soy, or pea protein.

• Flavors like chocolate, vanilla, or strawberry are added to enhance taste and palatability.

• Sweeteners like stevia, sucralose, or sugar alcohols may be used to improve the flavor profile.

• Additives such as vitamins, minerals, o...read more

CIS and trance proton pattern in NMR refers to the orientation of protons in a molecule.

• CIS refers to the protons that are on the same side of a double bond or ring in a molecule

• Trans refers to the protons that are on opposite sides of a double bond or ring in a molecule

• The pattern of these protons can be observed in NMR spectroscopy and can provide information about the structure of the molecule

• For example, in a molecule with a double bond, the CIS protons will have a differ...read more

Oxidative coupling reactions involve the formation of a covalent bond between two molecules through the removal of hydrogen atoms.

• Involves the formation of a new covalent bond between two molecules

• Typically involves the removal of hydrogen atoms

• Commonly used in organic synthesis to create complex molecules

• Examples include the Heck reaction and the Wacker process

Scientific knowledge encompasses facts, theories, and principles acquired through systematic study and experimentation.

• Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence and is subject to change as new evidence is discovered

• It is built upon the scientific method, which involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing data

• Scientific knowledge is used to explain natural phenomena, make predictions, and develop technologies

• Examples include...read more

The drug discovery process involves multiple phases from target identification to clinical trials.

• Target identification: Identifying a specific biological target for the drug

• Lead compound identification: Finding a molecule that interacts with the target

• Preclinical testing: Evaluating the safety and efficacy of the lead compound in animals

• Clinical trials: Testing the drug in humans for safety and effectiveness

• Regulatory approval: Obtaining approval from regulatory agencies for...read more

Bias-variance tradeoff refers to the balance between underfitting and overfitting in machine learning models.

• Bias refers to the error introduced by approximating a real-world problem, while variance refers to the error introduced by the model's sensitivity to fluctuations in the training data.

• High bias can lead to underfitting, where the model is too simple to capture the underlying patterns in the data.

• High variance can lead to overfitting, where the model is too complex and...read more

Drug discovery is the process of identifying new medications for treating diseases.

• Drug discovery involves target identification, lead compound identification, preclinical testing, and clinical trials.

• Target identification involves identifying a specific biological target that is involved in the disease process.

• Lead compound identification involves finding a molecule that can interact with the target and potentially treat the disease.

• Preclinical testing involves testing the l...read more

SDS page is a technique used to separate proteins based on their size and charge.

• SDS page stands for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

• It involves denaturing the proteins with SDS and separating them based on their size using a gel matrix

• The separated proteins can then be visualized using staining techniques such as Coomassie Blue or Silver staining

• SDS page is commonly used in protein purification and analysis

• It is also used in medical research to study...read more

Biacore principle involves surface plasmon resonance technology to study biomolecular interactions.

• Surface plasmon resonance technology is used to measure real-time interactions between biomolecules.

• Biacore systems utilize a sensor chip with immobilized ligands to capture analytes.

• The binding of analytes to ligands causes a change in the refractive index, which is detected as a signal.

• The resulting sensorgram provides information on kinetics, affinity, and specificity of the ...read more